Gulf of Alaska 17,000 Year Paleoproductivity Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Gulf of Alaska 17,000 Year Paleoproductivity Data LAST UPDATE: 8/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Addison, J.A., B.P. Finney, W.E. Dean, M.H. Davies, A.C. Mix, J.S. Stoner, and J.M. Jaeger IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-127 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Addison, J.A., et al. 2012. Gulf of Alaska 17,000 Year Paleoproductivity Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-127. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Addison, J.A., B.P. Finney, W.E. Dean, M.H. Davies, A.C. Mix, J.S. Stoner, and J.M. Jaeger. 2012. Productivity and sedimentary d15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope. Paleoceanography, Vol. 27, PA1206, doi:10.1029/2011PA002161. ABSTRACT: Biogenic opal, organic carbon, organic matter stable isotope, and trace metal data from a well-dated, high-resolution jumbo piston core (EW0408-85JC; 59°33.3'N, 144°9.21'W, 682 m water depth) recovered from the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope reveal changes in productivity and nutrient utilization over the last 17,000 years. Maximum values of opal concentration (~10%) occur during the deglacial Bølling-Allerød (B-A) interval and earliest Holocene (11.2 to 10.8 cal ka BP), moderate values (~6%) occur during the Younger Dryas (13.0 to 11.2 cal ka BP) and Holocene, and minimum values (~3.5%) occur during the Late Glacial Interval (LGI). When converted to opal mass accumulation rates, the highest values (~5000 g cm-2 kyr-1) occur during the LGI prior to 16.7 cal ka BP, which points to a strong influence by LGI glaciomarine sedimentation regimes. Similar patterns are also observed in total organic carbon and cadmium paleoproductivity proxies. Mid-Holocene peaks in the terrestrial organic matter fraction at 5.5, 4.7, 3.5, and 1.2 cal ka BP indicate periods of enhanced delivery of glaciomarine sediments by the Alaska Coastal Current. The B-A and earliest Holocene intervals are laminated, and enrichments of redox-sensitive elements suggest dysoxic-to-anoxic conditions in the water column. The laminations are also associated with mildly enriched sedimentary d15N ratios, indicating a link between productivity, nitrogen cycle dynamics, and sedimentary anoxia. After applying a correction for terrestrial d15N contributions based on end-member mixing models of terrestrial and marine organic matter, the resulting B-A marine d15N (6.3 ± 0.4 ‰) ratios are consistent with either mild denitrification, or increased nitrate utilization. These findings can be explained by increased micronutrient (Fe) availability during episodes of rapid rising sea level that released iron from the previously subaerial coastal plain; iron input from enhanced terrestrial runoff; and/or the intermittent presence of seasonal sea ice resulting from altered ocean/atmospheric circulation during the B-A in the Gulf of Alaska. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Davies, M.H., A.C. Mix, J.S. Stoner, J.A. Addison, J.M. Jaeger, B.P. Finney, and J. Wiest. 2011. The deglacial transition on the Southeastern Alaska Margin: Meltwater input, sealevel rise, marine productivity, and sedimentary anoxia. Paleoceanography, 26, PA2223, doi:10.1029/2010PA002051. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Pacific Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 17 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), US National Science Foundation (NSF), US Geological Survey (USGS). DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/addison2012/addison2012.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/addison2012/addison2012.xls DESCRIPTION: Multiproxy sediment paleoproductivity data from a jumbo piston core collected on the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope. Proxy data measured include biogenic opal, organic carbon, organic matter stable isotopes, and trace metal data. These organic and inorganic geochemical data are from the northern continental slope of the Gulf of Alaska, and span from 1.1 to 17.4 calibrated kyrs ago. This marine sediment record is continuous and well-dated by 37 AMS radiocarbon dates on planktonic foraminifera (see Davies et al., 2011 for further information). Opal was measured by a 0.1 M NaCO3 extraction and a molybdate-blue spectrophotometric method (Mortlock and Froehlich, 1989). Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were measured on a carbonate-free subsample by combustion in a Costech 4010 HCNS elemental analyzer. Organic matter d13C and sedimentary d15N were measured on a carbonate-free subsample using a Finnigan Delta-plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer. CaCO3 data is a combination of total Ca measured by ICP-OES (n = 110), calibrated with a smaller number of CaCO3 coulometric measurements (n = 43). Inorganic element concentrations (Al, Mn, Co, Cr, U, Mo, and Cd) were measured by a combination of ICP-OES and ICP-MS at SGS Minerals Services in Toronto, Canada. A terrestrial-N-corrected dataset of sedimentary d15N is also included. This data reflects the application of a linear endmember mixing model between terrestrial and marine organic matter to remove the influence of terrestrial N from the bulk sedimentary d15N measurements. These data should be considered on a qualitative basis only. Please see Addison et al. (2012) or contact the author directly for further information. Core EW0408-85JC: 59°33.3'N, 144°9.21'W, 682 m water depth DATA: 1. Addison et al. 2012 organic data Opal, TOC, TN, organic matter d13C, sedimentary d15N, and corrected d15N data All depths are composite depths in jumbo piston core EW0408-85JC, determined from overlap between surface multicore (EW0408-84MC), trigger core (EW0408-85TC), and top-most section of jumbo piston core (EW0408-85JC). 1a. Opal Depth-cm Age(CalKyrBP) Opal(wt%) 150 1.085 5.85 152 1.111 6.34 157 1.177 8.79 162 1.243 7.44 167 1.309 4.23 172 1.374 7.28 177 1.437 6.11 182 1.485 6.3 187 1.533 5.77 192 1.581 5.99 197 1.629 4.82 202 1.677 5.67 207 1.725 5.39 212 1.773 5.39 217 1.821 5.59 222 1.869 5.31 227 2.028 7.04 232 2.186 5.16 237 2.345 4.38 242 2.503 4.9 247 2.662 4.73 252 2.821 6.51 257 2.916 6.19 262 2.97 5.12 267 3.024 4.9 272 3.078 4.36 277 3.132 4.85 282 3.185 5.92 287 3.239 6.14 292 3.293 5.03 297 3.347 5.71 302 3.401 6.44 307 3.445 5.48 312 3.484 5.44 317 3.523 6.1 322 3.561 6.54 327 3.6 8.64 332 3.639 6.15 337 3.677 5.68 342 3.716 5.89 347 3.754 5.56 352 3.793 5.16 357 3.842 5.05 362 3.934 5 367 4.025 5.52 372 4.117 5.33 377 4.209 5.75 382 4.3 5.74 387 4.392 6.56 392 4.483 5.79 397 4.575 6.76 402 4.666 6.25 407 4.744 6.06 412 4.811 6.76 417 4.879 7.35 422 4.946 6.2 427 5.014 5.82 432 5.082 6.03 437 5.149 5.59 442 5.217 6.04 447 5.284 6 452 5.352 6.01 457 5.438 7.13 462 5.536 6.24 467 5.634 6.46 472 5.732 6.21 477 5.83 6.1 482 5.928 6.4 487 6.026 6.53 492 6.124 5.88 497 6.222 6.87 502 6.32 6.03 507 6.454 6.19 512 6.612 6.71 517 6.77 6.23 522 6.929 5.73 527 7.087 6.04 532 7.245 6.93 537 7.403 6.74 542 7.562 6.53 547 7.72 7.25 552 7.878 7.02 557 8 7.06 562 8.068 6.69 567 8.135 7.58 572 8.203 6.7 577 8.27 6.31 582 8.338 6.41 587 8.405 7.26 592 8.473 6.56 597 8.54 6.6 602 8.608 6.62 607 8.669 6.79 612 8.723 7.54 617 8.776 6.99 622 8.83 6.97 627 8.883 6.55 632 8.936 5.85 637 8.99 6.07 642 9.043 5.94 647 9.097 6.74 652 9.15 6.75 657 9.214 6.29 662 9.292 5.09 667 9.371 6.25 672 9.45 5.85 677 9.529 5.64 682 9.608 5.82 687 9.686 6.66 690 9.734 5.86 693 9.781 6.23 697 9.844 5.81 702 9.923 6.5 707 10.005 5.87 712 10.093 5.93 717 10.181 5.88 722 10.268 6.38 727 10.369 6.79 732 10.488 6.42 737 10.607 5.93 742 10.707 6.93 747 10.779 7.63 752 10.85 9.09 757 11.03 10.01 762 11.223 6.84 767 11.377 7.23 772 11.546 5.27 777 11.739 6.15 782 11.927 6.01 787 12.108 5.84 792 12.438 5.64 797 12.992 7.7 802 13.545 10.04 807 13.904 9.9 812 14.088 8.95 817 14.206 9.95 822 14.369 9.71 827 14.589 10.46 832 14.878 3.57 837 15.297 3.06 842 15.705 3 847 16.096 4.19 852 16.487 3.99 857 16.676 3.2 862 16.732 2.3 867 16.788 3.76 872 16.843 3.25 877 16.894 2.69 882 16.923 3.57 887 16.953 3.37 892 16.982 2.76 897 17.012 4.1 902 17.041 3.93 907 17.059 3.03 912 17.069 3.3 917 17.078 3.32 922 17.088 2.4 927 17.098 3.18 932 17.107 2.89 937 17.117 4.41 942 17.127 3.09 947 17.136 3.76 952 17.146 3.31 957 17.153 2.73 962 17.159 3.21 967 17.164 2.69 971 17.169 4.02 973 17.171 3.42 977 17.175 3.6 982 17.181 2.91 987 17.186 3.2 992 17.192 3.19 997 17.197 3.14 1002 17.203 3.56 1007 17.208 3.29 1012 17.213 4.09 1017 17.217 3.11 1022 17.222 3.52 1027 17.227 3.81 1032 17.232 4.32 1037 17.237 4.13 1042 17.241 3.06 1047 17.246 3.26 1052 17.251 3.89 1057 17.256 3.67 1062 17.26 4.15 1067 17.264 4.26 1072 17.268 3.2 1077 17.272 3.98 1082 17.276 4.29 1087 17.281 4.83 1092 17.285 3.88 1097 17.289 3.38 1102 17.293 3.63 1107 17.297 3.66 1112 17.3 3.07 1117 17.304 3.52 1122 17.307 4.01 1123 17.308 3.21 1127 17.311 4.39 1132 17.314 3.92 1137 17.318 3.63 1142 17.321 3.28 1147 17.325 3.94 1152 17.328 3.82 1157 17.331 4.04 1162 17.334 4.02 1167 17.337 3.68 1172 17.34 3.05 1177 17.343 3.32 1182 17.346 3.25 1187 17.349 3.6 1192 17.352 3.36 1197 17.355 4.22 1202 17.357 3.52 1207 17.36 3.24 1212 17.362 4.13 1217 17.364 3.34 1222 17.366 3.58 1227 17.369 3.16 1232 17.371 3.57 1237 17.373 3.66 1242 17.375 3.73 1247 17.377 4.16 1252 17.38 3.46 1257 17.383 3.87 1262 17.387 3.74 1267 17.391 4.66 1270 17.394 3.29 1b. Organics Depth-cm Age(CalKyrBP) TOC(wt%) TN(wt%) d13CorgMatter Sed-d15N Corrected Sedimentary d15N (permil) 150 1.085 0.91 0.08 -23.41 3.8 4.43 152 1.111 0.95 0.09 -23.41 3.98 4.66 157 1.177 0.86 0.07 -24.02 3.58 4.81 162 1.243 0.9 0.07 -23.96 3.39 4.47 167 1.309 0.89 0.07 -23.79 3.51 4.44 172 1.374 0.96 0.08 -23.56 3.97 4.8 177 1.437 0.95 0.09 -23.6 3.95 4.83 182 1.485 0.97 0.09 -23.55 4.21 5.09 187 1.533 0.81 0.08 -23.11 4.28 4.71 192 1.581 0.95 0.07 -23.2 3.99 4.46 197 1.629 0.94 0.07 -23.08 4.16 4.56 202 1.677 0.89 0.08 -22.99 4.29 4.62 207 1.725 0.94 0.08 -22.94 4.34 4.63 212 1.773 0.99 0.09 -22.86 4.31 4.52 217 1.821 0.85 0.08 -23.08 3.96 4.33 222 1.869 0.82 0.08 -23.03 4.4 4.77 227 2.028 0.72 0.07 -22.98 4.01 4.3 232 2.186 0.98 0.11 -22.48 5.01 4.91 237 2.345 0.69 0.07 -22.86 4.63 4.87 242 2.503 0.64 0.06 -22.96 4.28 4.58 247 2.662 0.69 0.07 -22.94 4.38 4.67 252 2.821 0.68 0.06 -23.09 4.57 5.02 257 2.916 0.63 0.06 -23.24 4.44 5.04 262 2.97 0.65 0.06 -22.96 4.16 4.44 267 3.024 0.63 0.06 -23.11 3.92 4.31 272 3.078 0.68 0.06 -23.06 4.02 4.38 277 3.132 0.7 0.06 -23.12 4.19 4.62 282 3.185 0.73 0.06 -23.1 3.84 4.21 287 3.239 0.75 0.06 -23.59 3.35 4.04 292 3.293 0.72 0.05 -23.74 3.19 3.96 297 3.347 0.7 0.06 -23.81 3.21 4.05 302 3.401 0.8 0.06 -23.87 3.49 4.5 307 3.445 0.65 0.05 -24.03 2.83 3.71 312 3.484 0.61 0.05 -24.14 3.01 4.1 317 3.523 0.75 0.06 -23.93 3.22 4.19 322 3.561 0.69 0.05 -23.93 3.11 4.02 327 3.6 0.7 0.06 -23.85 3.31 4.23 332 3.639 0.7 0.06 -23.57 3.79 4.59 337 3.677 0.63 0.05 -23.72 3.21 3.97 342 3.716 0.62 0.05 -23.57 3.49 4.2 347 3.754 0.65 0.05 -23.46 3.6 4.24 352 3.793 0.63 0.05 -23.31 3.58 4.08 357 3.842 0.6 0.05 -23.32 3.37 3.83 362 3.934 0.65 0.06 -23.48 3.76 4.45 367 4.025 0.67 0.06 -23.51 3.71 4.42 372 4.117 0.66 0.06 -23.62 3.82 4.68 377 4.209 0.69 0.06 -23.69 2.21 2.62 382 4.3 0.66 0.05 -24.06 3.16 4.23 387 4.392 0.78 0.06 -23.96 3.7 4.91 392 4.483 0.66 0.05 -23.99 2.77 3.59 397 4.575 0.7 0.05 -23.98 3.75 5.01 402 4.666 0.73 0.06 -24 3.71 4.98 407 4.744 0.75 0.06 -23.84 4.36 5.69 412 4.811 0.75 0.06 -23.7 3.74 4.66 417 4.879 0.77 0.07 -23.51 4.23 5.07 422 4.946 0.73 0.06 -23.38 4.32 5.05 427 5.014 0.76 0.07 -23.23 4.61 5.22 432 5.082 0.7 0.06 -23.33 4.14 4.77 437 5.149 0.68 0.06 -23.26 4.35 4.94 442 5.217 0.77 0.07 -23.17 4.29 4.78 447 5.284 0.7 0.05 -23.25 3.54 3.98 452 5.352 0.71 0.06 -23.25 4.32 4.9 457 5.438 0.68 0.05 -23.62 3.43 4.17 462 5.536 0.73 0.06 -23.82 3.42 4.35 467 5.634 0.72 0.06 -23.84 3.81 4.91 472 5.732 0.78 0.06 -24.07 3.71 5.08 477 5.83 0.76 0.06 -23.87 3.64 4.71 482 5.928 0.73 0.06 -23.77 3.7 4.68 487 6.026 0.75 0.06 -23.88 3.1 3.97 492 6.124 0.68 0.06 -23.38 4.07 4.74 497 6.222 0.82 0.08 -23.14 4.36 4.84 502 6.32 0.72 0.06 -23.31 4.22 4.85 507 6.454 0.78 0.07 -23.2 4.59 5.16 512 6.612 0.78 0.07 -23.05 4.58 4.99 517 6.77 0.82 0.07 -23.15 4.54 5.05 522 6.929 0.88 0.08 -23.02 4.69 5.08 527 7.087 0.82 0.08 -22.9 4.68 4.96 532 7.245 0.83 0.07 -23.25 4.68 5.32 537 7.403 0.86 0.08 -23.17 4.96 5.56 542 7.562 0.82 0.07 -22.28 4.49 4.49 547 7.72 0.84 0.08 -22.13 4.98 4.98 552 7.878 0.77 0.07 -22.42 4.33 4.2 557 8 0.74 0.07 -22.53 4.61 4.56 562 8.068 0.77 0.07 -22.51 4.82 4.75 567 8.135 0.76 0.07 -22.67 4.01 4.06 572 8.203 0.86 0.08 -22.85 4.61 4.83 577 8.27 0.77 0.08 -22.86 4.51 4.73 582 8.338 0.74 0.07 -23.13 4.32 4.79 587 8.405 0.65 0.07 -22.81 4.42 4.59 592 8.473 0.76 0.06 -23.76 4.13 5.26 597 8.54 0.79 0.07 -23.75 4.39 5.6 602 8.608 0.86 0.08 -23.5 4.25 5.09 607 8.669 0.81 0.08 -23.64 4.23 5.24 612 8.723 0.85 0.08 -23.68 4.35 5.44 617 8.776 0.91 0.09 -23.63 4.46 5.53 622 8.83 0.86 0.08 -23.66 4.4 5.48 627 8.883 0.83 0.07 -24.11 4.02 5.6 632 8.936 0.75 0.06 -24.21 3.86 5.52 637 8.99 0.81 0.07 -24.25 3.71 5.34 642 9.043 0.76 0.07 -24.07 3.96 5.44 647 9.097 0.78 0.08 -24.02 4.46 6.12 652 9.15 0.76 0.07 -23.79 4.26 5.47 657 9.214 0.83 0.09 -23.56 4.94 6.05 662 9.292 0.65 0.06 -23.81 4.3 5.56 667 9.371 0.78 0.08 -23.55 4.62 5.62 672 9.45 0.76 0.07 -23.76 4.74 6.08 677 9.529 0.82 0.07 -23.71 4.82 6.12 682 9.608 0.72 0.06 -24.04 4.83 6.7 690 9.734 0.86 0.08 -24.54 4.3 6.91 693 9.781 0.96 0.09 -24.09 4.97 7.02 697 9.844 0.94 0.09 -23.93 5.02 6.78 702 9.923 0.96 0.09 -23.85 4.84 6.37 707 10.005 0.96 0.1 -23.8 5.24 6.84 712 10.093 0.86 0.08 -24.07 4.63 6.46 717 10.181 0.81 0.08 -23.98 4.83 6.59 722 10.268 0.59 0.06 -24.4 4.68 7.24 727 10.369 0.74 0.09 -23.94 5.5 7.48 732 10.488 0.64 0.08 -24 5.8 8.05 737 10.607 0.6 0.08 -23.82 6.14 8.12 742 10.707 0.72 0.08 -23.63 5.86 7.36 747 10.779 0.78 0.1 -23.48 6.29 7.62 752 10.85 0.89 0.11 -23.17 6.68 7.54 757 11.03 0.96 0.12 -23.27 6.3 7.26 762 11.223 0.63 0.08 -23.07 5.59 6.15 767 11.377 0.68 0.08 -22.97 5.77 6.21 772 11.546 0.58 0.07 -22.72 5.54 5.68 777 11.739 0.55 0.06 -22.75 5.73 5.9 782 11.927 0.43 0.05 -22.71 5.53 5.65 787 12.108 0.62 0.05 -22.67 3.97 4.02 792 12.438 0.97 0.08 -23 4.86 5.26 797 12.992 1.07 0.09 -23.52 5.23 6.36 802 13.545 1.14 0.11 -22.78 5.66 5.87 807 13.904 1.16 0.11 -23.06 6.02 6.62 812 14.088 1.15 0.1 -23.33 6.02 7.03 817 14.206 1.15 0.11 -23.01 5.77 6.27 822 14.369 1.03 0.09 -23.25 5.32 6.07 827 14.589 1.05 0.1 -23.13 5.55 6.18 832 14.878 0.48 0.02 -24.07 3.67 5.02 837 15.297 0.47 0.03 -24.03 4.01 5.47 842 15.705 0.51 0.03 -24.23 2.87 3.98 847 16.096 0.48 0.03 -23.93 3.5 4.59 872 16.843 0.67 0.04 -24.42 3.22 4.79 882 16.923 0.6 0.04 -24.49 3.41 5.23 892 16.982 0.55 0.03 -24.63 2.91 4.55 902 17.041 0.61 0.04 -24.74 2.6 4.12 912 17.069 0.5 0.03 -24.7 2.93 4.69 922 17.088 0.41 0.02 -24.56 2.44 3.6 932 17.107 0.44 0.03 -24.72 2.97 4.8 942 17.127 0.55 0.04 -24.88 3.21 5.59 952 17.146 0.45 0.03 -24.76 3.16 5.25 971 17.169 0.55 0.03 -24.76 2.46 3.87 992 17.192 0.69 0.04 -24.9 2.85 4.89 1012 17.213 0.61 0.04 -24.78 2.74 4.46 1032 17.232 0.62 0.03 -25.75 2.7 6.98 1052 17.251 0.66 0.03 -25.87 2.63 7.34 1072 17.268 0.64 0.04 -24.89 3.01 5.19 1092 17.285 0.6 0.03 -25.01 2.94 5.29 1112 17.3 0.59 0.04 -25.03 3.34 6.23 1132 17.314 0.71 0.05 -25.07 3.22 6.06 1152 17.328 0.47 0.04 -24.94 3.26 5.83 1172 17.34 0.44 0.03 -24.82 3.44 5.93 1192 17.352 0.42 0.03 -24.58 3.33 5.24 1212 17.362 0.36 0.03 -25.16 3.57 7.17 1232 17.371 0.44 0.03 -25.96 3 1252 17.38 0.41 0.03 -26.28 3.09 1c. CaCO3 Depth-cm Age(CalKyrBP) CaCO3(wt%) 150 1.085 1.83 159 1.203 1.58 168 1.322 1.75 178 1.446 2.08 189 1.552 3.17 198 1.638 3.08 209 1.744 3.25 219 1.84 3.75 229 2.091 3.75 238 2.377 3.58 249 2.725 2.42 257 2.916 4.04 269 3.045 3 277 3.132 3.32 287 3.239 2.49 299 3.368 1.83 307 3.445 2.17 319 3.538 2.25 327 3.6 2.61 339 3.693 2.33 347 3.754 2.61 357 3.842 2.61 369 4.062 1.75 377 4.209 2.1 389 4.428 1.58 397 4.575 2.02 407 4.744 2.13 419 4.906 1.92 427 5.014 2.57 437 5.149 2.97 449 5.311 4.08 457 5.438 2.31 469 5.673 1.83 477 5.83 1.64 487 6.026 2.27 499 6.261 2.42 508 6.486 2.92 517 6.77 3.24 529 7.15 3.17 537 7.403 2.77 547 7.72 2.81 559 8.027 2.5 569 8.162 2 577 8.27 1.7 587 8.405 2.21 599 8.567 2.75 609 8.691 2.75 619 8.798 2.67 629 8.904 2 639 9.011 1.75 647 9.097 2.1 659 9.245 2.42 667 9.371 2.37 679 9.56 2.67 687 9.686 2.19 693 9.781 2.65 699 9.875 3.25 707 10.005 2.69 712 10.093 2.27 719 10.216 3.08 722 10.268 2.27 729 10.416 4 732 10.488 3.3 739 10.654 3.33 742 10.707 2.81 749 10.807 3 752 10.85 2.75 757 11.03 2.55 762 11.223 4.41 769 11.438 4.42 772 11.546 4.51 777 11.739 4.75 782 11.927 6 789 12.181 5.58 792 12.438 5.37 799 13.213 4.08 802 13.545 2.97 807 13.904 4.41 812 14.088 3.76 818 14.23 3.17 822 14.369 2.63 826 14.548 1.75 832 14.878 6.33 837 15.297 4.41 842 15.705 4.99 847 16.096 3.96 872 16.843 2.37 882 16.923 2.45 892 16.982 2.57 902 17.041 2.41 912 17.069 2.21 922 17.088 2.29 932 17.107 2.49 942 17.127 2.12 952 17.146 2.19 971 17.169 1.94 992 17.192 1.92 1012 17.213 2.1 1032 17.232 1.96 1052 17.251 2.21 1072 17.268 2.04 1092 17.285 1.98 1112 17.3 1.8 1132 17.314 1.76 1152 17.328 2.37 1172 17.34 2.67 1192 17.352 2.81 1212 17.362 2.95 1232 17.371 2.91 1252 17.38 2.83 2. Addison et al. 2012 inorganic data Al, Mn, Co, Cr, U, Mo, and Cd concentration data All depths are composite depths in jumbo piston core EW0408-85JC, determined from overlap between surface multicore (EW0408-84MC), trigger core (EW0408-85TC), and top-most section of jumbo piston core (EW0408-85JC). Depth-cm AgeCalKyrBP Al(wt%) Mn(ppm) Co(ppm) Cr(ppm) U(ppm) Mo(ppm) Cd(ppm) 150 1.098 7.8 828 23.4 115 1.7 0.83 0.14 159 1.217 8.25 891 22.7 123 1.6 0.8 0.13 168 1.335 7.77 844 23.4 122 1.7 0.79 0.13 178 1.456 7.79 834 22.5 116 1.6 0.77 0.09 189 1.562 7.32 821 21.3 109 1.5 0.74 0.14 198 1.648 7.92 869 21.9 116 1.6 0.77 0.18 209 1.754 7.41 853 20.9 112 1.9 0.81 0.19 219 1.85 7.66 841 21 111 1.8 0.93 0.17 229 2.123 7.43 817 19.5 112 1.8 0.8 0.17 238 2.408 7.21 819 21.4 103 1.8 0.8 0.21 249 2.757 7.57 932 19.9 124 1.7 0.79 0.16 257 2.927 7.85 981 20.7 121 1.7 0.68 0.14 269 3.056 7.47 899 19.2 113 2 0.92 0.13 277 3.142 7.82 866 19.1 106 1.7 0.88 0.11 287 3.25 8.57 919 22.6 123 1.5 0.73 0.16 299 3.379 8.2 897 22.4 121 1.7 0.76 0.11 307 3.453 8.71 913 20.3 124 1.7 0.73 0.15 319 3.546 9.08 974 24.4 126 2.1 0.88 0.16 327 3.608 8.58 893 21.4 127 1.8 0.83 0.15 339 3.7 8.1 878 20.7 119 1.9 0.79 0.15 347 3.762 8.32 878 19.9 119 1.6 0.72 0.09 357 3.861 8.6 905 22.3 121 1.6 0.66 0.11 369 4.08 8.04 883 20.7 114 2.1 0.93 0.14 377 4.227 8.46 891 21 122 1.7 0.8 0.12 389 4.447 8.02 859 20.6 112 1.9 0.85 0.1 397 4.593 8.34 899 20.2 128 1.8 0.9 0.1 407 4.757 8.36 879 20.8 128 1.6 0.73 0.09 419 4.919 7.67 853 20.2 116 1.5 0.85 0.11 427 5.027 7.87 843 20.7 112 1.5 0.72 0.15 437 5.163 8.2 831 20.6 116 1.6 0.68 0.14 449 5.325 7.38 797 19.6 110 1.9 0.82 0.18 457 5.457 8.12 839 20.9 111 1.7 0.7 0.13 469 5.693 7.9 824 20.3 114 2 0.78 0.2 477 5.849 8.01 849 21.3 123 1.7 0.67 0.07 487 6.045 8.75 899 18.9 123 1.6 0.72 0.11 499 6.281 7.67 821 19.1 113 1.6 0.66 0.14 508 6.517 7.67 832 19.5 111 1.7 0.67 0.14 517 6.802 7.99 861 19.1 123 1.5 0.65 0.17 529 7.182 7.75 820 21.3 117 2 0.77 0.17 537 7.435 7.69 796 19.2 115 1.9 0.77 0.2 547 7.751 7.97 826 18.9 117 2.2 1.07 0.21 559 8.041 7.79 833 20.5 112 2.1 0.94 0.18 569 8.176 7.96 827 22.4 113 2.4 1.1 0.28 577 8.284 8.17 839 19.2 119 1.8 0.93 0.15 587 8.419 8.33 857 20.3 124 2.2 1.33 0.21 599 8.581 8.01 805 19.9 113 2.2 0.97 0.17 609 8.701 8.05 816 19.2 108 2.2 0.91 0.14 619 8.808 7.65 789 18.9 112 2.3 0.89 0.23 629 8.915 7.78 816 19.2 119 2 0.94 0.24 639 9.022 7.9 839 21.4 123 1.9 0.87 0.18 647 9.107 8.52 868 20.5 128 1.8 0.84 0.24 659 9.261 8.09 822 18 118 1.8 0.82 0.12 667 9.387 8.15 820 19.2 123 1.8 0.83 0.47 679 9.576 7.94 786 17.3 108 1.7 0.72 0.23 687 9.702 8.32 832 19.4 128 1.8 0.71 0.23 693 9.797 8.19 804 18.9 122 1.8 0.83 0.21 699 9.891 7.71 758 17.6 108 1.9 1.13 0.27 707 10.023 8.56 820 16.7 114 1.8 0.93 0.19 712 10.11 8.14 818 16.4 122 1.6 0.74 0.15 719 10.233 8.01 817 18.7 113 2 0.77 0.26 722 10.286 8.03 816 18.3 124 2.1 0.88 0.19 729 10.44 7.79 775 18.4 107 3.7 3.55 0.39 732 10.511 8.05 798 16 114 2.7 1.3 0.46 739 10.678 7.62 744 17.7 112 2.6 1.41 0.35 742 10.721 8.37 825 16.9 123 2.3 1.58 0.27 749 10.822 7.42 713 16.7 103 4.2 3.21 0.7 752 10.865 7.95 762 18.5 107 2.7 4.1 0.68 757 11.081 8.06 783 17 108 2.2 2.23 0.57 762 11.254 7.89 772 15 95 2.3 1.6 0.25 769 11.469 7.34 728 14.8 88 2.2 1.9 0.24 772 11.585 7.83 775 14.8 94 2 1.61 0.22 777 11.777 7.9 812 16.6 102 2 1.53 0.27 782 11.963 7.62 853 17.9 101 1.9 1.37 0.24 789 12.217 7.38 753 15.9 92 2.5 1.61 0.28 792 12.422 7.29 718 15.2 93 2.6 1.89 0.33 799 13.568 7.49 748 15.6 97 3.4 2.88 0.58 802 13.74 7.42 746 16.1 96 2.7 2.84 0.51 807 13.949 7.47 775 17 92 3.7 2.95 0.67 812 14.112 8.06 826 17.5 99 3.4 3.61 0.8 818 14.253 7.95 817 16.9 92 3.1 2.7 0.59 822 14.416 7.71 810 18.4 92 2.8 2.62 0.83 826 14.589 7.62 790 17.2 93 2.9 2.64 0.65 832 14.737 6.61 596 13.5 66 2.6 1.9 0.33 837 15.198 7.12 674 12.2 74 1.6 1.02 0.21 842 15.783 7.41 686 12 75 2.6 1.02 0.19 847 16.174 7.56 750 13.6 81 1.9 0.99 0.17 872 16.855 7.49 649 16.9 74 1.9 1.16 0.24 882 16.929 7.54 645 16.3 73 1.5 0.96 0.2 892 16.988 7.71 655 16.6 73 1.9 0.96 0.17 902 17.047 8.11 698 17.8 76 1.7 1.02 0.23 912 17.07 8.28 731 19.6 85 2.1 1.43 0.16 922 17.09 7.63 652 16.6 74 1.6 0.97 0.18 932 17.109 7.81 683 17.5 75 1.6 0.99 0.17 942 17.129 7.95 695 18.3 80 1.7 1.15 0.16 952 17.148 7.94 708 18 80 1.7 1.14 0.17 971 17.17 8.01 682 18.2 80 1.6 1.08 0.17 992 17.193 8.33 694 19.3 84 1.5 1.24 0.13 1012 17.214 8.32 720 19.7 85 1.6 0.97 0.12 1032 17.233 8.07 701 19.3 84 1.5 1.79 0.13 1052 17.252 8 681 18.9 81 1.5 1.02 0.12 1072 17.269 8.45 722 20.7 88 1.5 1.18 0.15 1092 17.286 8.5 730 20 87 1.5 1.03 0.12 1112 17.301 8.1 668 18.6 79 1.5 1.05 0.17 1132 17.315 8.19 682 19.4 85 1.5 1.02 0.14 1152 17.329 8.37 737 19.4 87 1.4 0.86 0.12 1172 17.341 7.98 715 19.1 84 1.7 1.05 0.22 1192 17.352 8.01 731 19 82 1.6 1.22 0.15 1212 17.362 8.16 761 19.5 87 1.9 1.53 0.17 1232 17.371 8.23 761 19.6 89 2 1.75 0.19 1252 17.38 8.19 748 19.6 86 1.7 0.96 0.13