Southern Ocean Deglacial Opal, Radionuclide, and Diatom Upwelling Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Southern Ocean Deglacial Opal, Radionuclide, and Diatom Upwelling Data LAST UPDATE: 4/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Robert F. Anderson, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-036 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Anderson, R.F., et al. 2009. Southern Ocean Deglacial Opal, Radionuclide, and Diatom Upwelling Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-036. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Anderson, R.F., S. Ali, L.I. Bradtmiller, S.H.H. Nielsen, M.Q. Fleisher, B.E. Anderson, L.H. Burckle. 2009. Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2. Science, Vol. 323, pp. 1443, 13 March 2009. DOI: 10.1126/science.1167441 ABSTRACT: Wind-driven upwelling in the ocean around Antarctica helps regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the deep sea and the atmosphere, as well as the supply of dissolved silicon to the euphotic zone of the Southern Ocean. Diatom productivity south of the Antarctic Polar Front and the subsequent burial of biogenic opal in underlying sediments are limited by this silicon supply. We show that opal burial rates, and thus upwelling, were enhanced during the termination of the last ice age in each sector of the Southern Ocean. In the record with the greatest temporal resolution, we find evidence for two intervals of enhanced upwelling concurrent with the two intervals of rising atmospheric CO2 during deglaciation. These results directly link increased ventilation of deep water to the deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southern Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: Last Glacial Period, ~90KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research (CICAR) award number NA03OAR4320179, US National Science Foundation grant OCE03-26969 (to R.F.A.). DESCRIPTION: Southern Ocean Opal Flux (accumulation rate), Radionuclide (U, Th, Pa, 14C) and Eucampia antarctica diatom data. Core Latitude Longitude Water Depth TN057-13PC4 53.1728°S 5.1275°E 2848m. TN057-14PC4 51.9843°S 4.5163°E 3648m. EL27-23PC 59.62°S 155.24°E 3182m. xs230Th and xs231Pa: xs230Th and xs231Pa refer to the measured value as corrected for ingrowth of 230Th (or 231Pa) from sedimentary and detrital uranium. These values are calculated using measured concentrations of 230Th (and 231Pa), 232Th and 238U, and assuming that all 232Th is detrital in nature. It also assumes a detrital U/Th ratio, which varies by region. 231Pa/230Thxs,0: The initial xs231Pa/xs230Th ratio refers to the ratio of xs230Th and xs231Pa after both have been decay corrected using their respective half-lives. 230Th normalized mass flux: For a discussion of this proxy and the relevant corrections and parameters, please see: Francois, R., M. Frank, M.M.R. van der Loeff, and M.P. Bacon (2004), Th-230 normalization: An essential tool for interpreting sedimentary fluxes during the late Quaternary, Paleoceanography, 19(1), 10.1029/2003PA00939. DATA: 1. Core TN057-13PC4 Column 1: Depth in core (cm) Column 2: Assigned age (ka) Column 3: 232Th (dpm/g) Column 4: 232Th error Column 5: 230Th (dpm/g) Column 6: 230Th error Column 7: 238U (dpm/g) Column 8: 238U error Column 9: 231Pa (dpm/g) Column 10: 231Pa error Column 11: xs230Th (dpm/g) Column 12: xs230Th error Column 13: xs231Pa (dpm/g) Column 14: xs231Pa error Column 15: 231Pa/230Thxs,0 (initial activity ratio; unitless) Column 16: 231Pa/230Thxs,0 error Column 17: 230Th-normalized mass flux (g/cm^2/ka) Column 18: 230Th-normalized mass flux (error) Column 19: % Opal Column 20: 230Th-normalized opal flux (g/cm^2/ka) Depth Age 232Th ± 230Th ± 238U ± 231Pa ± xsTh ± xsPa ± xs(Pa/Th) ± 230Th-nor ± %Opal F(opal) 48 1.4 0.158 0.002 5.22 0.11 0.575 0.006 0.972 0.024 5.10 0.11 0.966 0.024 0.193 0.006 1.45 0.03 76.7 1.11 64 1.9 0.147 0.003 4.36 0.08 0.697 0.008 0.849 0.026 4.25 0.08 0.843 0.026 0.203 0.007 1.73 0.03 77.1 1.34 122.5 3.4 0.182 0.002 4.13 0.07 0.762 0.009 0.855 0.028 3.98 0.07 0.847 0.028 0.222 0.008 1.83 0.03 77.8 1.42 148.5 4.1 0.156 0.008 4.12 0.09 0.849 0.034 0.817 0.049 3.98 0.09 0.809 0.049 0.214 0.014 1.81 0.04 77.4 1.40 199 5.4 0.129 0.013 3.52 0.21 0.897 0.034 0.704 0.050 3.39 0.21 0.696 0.050 0.219 0.021 2.11 0.13 78.6 1.66 252.5 6.8 0.112 0.004 2.75 0.05 1.145 0.014 0.549 0.047 2.60 0.05 0.538 0.047 0.225 0.020 2.71 0.05 79.6 2.16 258.5 7.0 0.108 0.005 3.07 0.04 1.286 0.024 0.584 0.052 2.90 0.05 0.573 0.052 0.215 0.020 2.42 0.04 77.4 1.87 302 7.6 0.098 0.001 2.20 0.04 1.139 0.012 0.546 0.023 2.05 0.04 0.535 0.023 0.286 0.013 3.41 0.06 85.0 2.90 348 8.2 0.080 0.005 2.59 0.04 1.170 0.024 0.493 0.052 2.44 0.04 0.482 0.052 0.218 0.024 2.85 0.05 76.5 2.18 402.5 8.9 0.054 0.002 1.59 0.04 0.896 0.011 0.358 0.053 1.48 0.04 0.350 0.053 0.263 0.041 4.67 0.13 453 9.5 0.060 0.001 2.42 0.07 1.068 0.012 0.398 0.021 2.28 0.07 0.388 0.021 0.191 0.012 3.01 0.09 78.9 2.38 475.5 9.6 0.033 0.001 1.22 0.04 0.720 0.008 0.290 0.023 1.13 0.04 0.283 0.023 0.281 0.025 6.05 0.20 69.9 4.23 529.5 10.2 0.032 0.001 1.23 0.03 0.716 0.009 0.306 0.024 1.13 0.03 0.298 0.024 0.298 0.025 6.01 0.14 81.0 4.87 553.5 10.6 0.043 0.001 1.44 0.05 0.662 0.010 0.347 0.024 1.34 0.05 0.340 0.024 0.288 0.023 5.05 0.19 78.4 3.96 583 11.2 0.054 0.001 1.56 0.04 0.647 0.008 0.343 0.002 1.46 0.04 0.335 0.002 0.264 0.008 4.64 0.13 91.0 4.23 589 11.3 0.055 0.001 1.68 0.02 0.655 0.008 0.325 0.002 1.57 0.02 0.317 0.002 0.232 0.004 4.30 0.07 86.1 3.71 616 11.8 0.037 0.001 1.21 0.09 0.677 0.010 0.237 0.022 1.11 0.09 0.229 0.022 0.238 0.029 6.05 0.47 83.2 5.03 630.5 12.1 0.047 0.001 1.38 0.06 0.488 0.023 0.292 0.051 1.29 0.06 0.286 0.051 0.257 0.047 5.20 0.24 83.6 4.35 647.5 12.4 0.288 0.023 0.288 0.023 84.0 647.5 12.3 0.040 0.001 1.26 0.05 0.575 0.015 0.279 0.051 1.17 0.05 0.272 0.051 0.270 0.051 5.74 0.23 84.0 4.82 663.5 12.7 0.046 0.001 1.38 0.09 0.540 0.018 0.302 0.050 1.29 0.09 0.295 0.050 0.268 0.049 5.18 0.34 84.6 4.38 682.5 13.1 0.110 0.003 2.42 0.13 0.821 0.019 0.475 0.024 2.25 0.13 0.463 0.024 0.242 0.019 2.96 0.17 79.3 2.35 695.5 13.3 0.094 0.002 2.11 0.08 0.724 0.018 0.418 0.024 1.96 0.08 0.407 0.024 0.244 0.018 3.39 0.14 80.6 2.73 703.5 13.5 0.089 0.001 2.20 0.08 0.728 0.011 0.426 0.023 2.05 0.08 0.416 0.023 0.239 0.016 3.24 0.12 80.0 2.59 715.5 13.7 0.097 0.002 2.16 0.03 0.711 0.017 0.363 0.048 2.01 0.03 0.352 0.048 0.207 0.028 3.29 0.04 79.0 2.60 732.5 14.1 0.082 0.003 2.08 0.08 0.689 0.020 0.378 0.049 1.93 0.08 0.368 0.049 0.226 0.032 3.41 0.14 84.6 2.88 733 14.1 0.111 0.001 2.39 0.04 0.817 0.010 0.393 0.005 2.21 0.04 0.381 0.005 0.204 0.005 2.98 0.06 89.4 2.66 739 14.2 0.058 0.001 1.44 0.03 0.693 0.011 0.316 0.002 1.31 0.03 0.307 0.002 0.279 0.007 5.04 0.12 88.9 4.48 744 14.5 0.051 0.001 1.16 0.03 0.610 0.007 0.259 0.004 1.04 0.03 0.251 0.004 0.286 0.010 6.28 0.20 90.5 5.69 745.5 14.6 0.044 0.001 1.21 0.04 0.633 0.007 0.276 0.023 1.09 0.04 0.267 0.023 0.292 0.028 6.00 0.24 83.8 5.03 745.5 14.6 0.054 0.006 1.03 0.60 0.610 0.031 0.276 0.049 0.91 0.60 0.267 0.049 0.348 0.237 7.16 4.70 83.8 6.00 748.5 14.9 0.050 0.001 1.30 0.03 0.616 0.010 0.248 0.002 1.18 0.03 0.239 0.002 0.242 0.007 5.54 0.16 87.3 4.84 751 15.1 0.042 0.001 1.02 0.03 0.657 0.009 0.229 0.002 0.90 0.03 0.220 0.002 0.293 0.011 7.24 0.25 85.6 6.19 752 15.2 0.076 0.003 1.94 0.09 0.842 0.013 0.349 0.050 1.77 0.09 0.336 0.050 0.228 0.036 3.69 0.18 79.9 2.95 757 15.6 0.059 0.001 1.28 0.03 0.656 0.007 0.291 0.004 1.15 0.03 0.281 0.004 0.295 0.008 5.65 0.13 86.8 4.90 760.5 15.9 0.083 0.001 2.06 0.07 0.785 0.008 0.354 0.022 1.89 0.07 0.342 0.022 0.219 0.016 3.42 0.13 84.2 2.88 764 16.2 0.139 0.001 2.69 0.09 0.908 0.012 0.497 0.004 2.46 0.09 0.481 0.004 0.238 0.009 2.62 0.09 81.7 2.14 768 16.5 0.226 0.003 3.89 0.08 1.160 0.013 0.630 0.024 3.57 0.08 0.609 0.024 0.208 0.010 1.80 0.04 75.7 1.36 772 16.9 0.274 0.006 4.34 0.10 1.202 0.027 0.654 0.007 3.98 0.10 0.631 0.007 0.194 0.005 1.61 0.04 71.3 1.15 780 17.6 0.495 0.008 7.08 0.13 1.680 0.033 0.972 0.018 6.51 0.14 0.937 0.018 0.178 0.005 0.98 0.02 62.7 0.61 784 17.9 0.470 0.025 6.47 0.10 1.662 0.032 0.872 0.049 5.91 0.11 0.838 0.049 0.176 0.011 1.08 0.02 60.4 0.65 796 18.9 0.539 0.010 6.47 0.15 1.852 0.022 0.851 0.023 5.82 0.16 0.811 0.023 0.175 0.007 1.08 0.03 51.5 0.56 811.5 20.3 0.673 0.027 7.22 0.29 1.729 0.030 0.761 0.024 6.50 0.30 0.719 0.024 0.141 0.008 0.96 0.04 42.8 0.41 832.5 22.1 0.634 0.018 6.23 0.33 1.069 0.039 0.580 0.050 5.66 0.34 0.549 0.050 0.127 0.014 1.08 0.06 844 23.1 0.562 0.008 5.50 0.15 1.199 0.013 0.515 0.046 4.93 0.17 0.482 0.046 0.129 0.013 1.23 0.04 51.7 0.63 863 24.7 0.512 0.022 4.97 0.14 1.229 0.021 0.461 0.050 4.41 0.15 0.428 0.050 0.131 0.016 1.35 0.05 54.7 0.74 884 26.5 0.619 0.007 6.10 0.15 1.977 0.026 0.657 0.147 5.29 0.16 0.606 0.147 0.158 0.039 1.11 0.03 46.7 0.52 2. Core TN057-14PC4 Column 1: Depth in core (cm) Column 2: Assigned age (ka) Column 3: 232Th (dpm/g) Column 4: 232Th error Column 5: 230Th (dpm/g) Column 6: 230Th error Column 7: 238U (dpm/g) Column 8: 238U error Column 9: xs230Th (dpm/g) Column 10: xs230Th error Column 11: xs230Tho (dpm/g) decay corrected to time of deposition Column 12: xs230Tho error Column 13: 230Th-normalized mass flux (g/cm^2/ka) Column 14: 230Th-normalized mass flux (error) Column 15: % Opal Column 16: 230Th-normalized opal flux (g/cm^2/ka) Depth Age 232Th ± 230Th ± 238U ± xsTh ± xsTho ± 230Th-nor ± %Opal F(opal) 96.9 8.2 0.183 0.003 3.81 0.06 0.447 0.005 3.69 0.07 3.98 0.07 2.41 0.04 82.8 2.00 101.9 8.3 0.175 0.001 4.36 0.10 0.489 0.005 4.24 0.10 4.57 0.11 2.10 0.05 74.5 1.56 106.9 8.4 0.193 0.002 4.53 0.11 0.474 0.006 4.40 0.11 4.75 0.12 2.02 0.05 79.7 1.61 111.9 8.5 0.172 0.001 4.15 0.04 0.487 0.006 4.03 0.05 4.36 0.05 2.20 0.02 79.0 1.74 116.9 8.7 0.135 0.001 4.02 0.10 0.480 0.005 3.92 0.10 4.25 0.11 2.26 0.06 85.3 1.93 121.9 8.8 0.127 0.001 3.84 0.08 0.483 0.005 3.74 0.08 4.06 0.09 2.37 0.05 85.7 2.03 126.9 8.9 0.117 0.001 3.88 0.07 0.504 0.006 3.78 0.07 4.10 0.08 2.34 0.04 86.0 2.01 131.9 9.0 0.123 0.001 3.87 0.05 0.538 0.007 3.76 0.05 4.09 0.06 2.34 0.03 77.2 1.81 136.9 9.2 0.185 0.001 4.09 0.06 0.606 0.007 3.95 0.06 4.30 0.06 2.23 0.03 78.7 1.76 141.9 9.3 0.118 0.001 3.91 0.09 0.518 0.006 3.81 0.09 4.15 0.10 2.31 0.05 77.4 1.79 146.9 9.4 0.129 0.001 3.76 0.07 0.457 0.005 3.66 0.07 3.99 0.08 2.41 0.05 79.5 1.91 151.9 9.5 0.114 0.001 3.41 0.07 0.389 0.005 3.33 0.07 3.63 0.07 2.64 0.05 77.7 2.05 156.9 9.7 0.106 0.002 3.13 0.07 0.379 0.005 3.05 0.07 3.33 0.07 2.88 0.06 77.3 2.23 161.9 9.8 0.127 0.001 2.61 0.07 0.332 0.004 2.52 0.07 2.75 0.07 3.48 0.09 80.9 2.82 166.9 9.9 0.128 0.001 2.86 0.07 0.328 0.004 2.77 0.07 3.03 0.08 3.16 0.08 83.0 2.63 171.9 10.0 0.223 0.002 3.54 0.09 0.407 0.005 3.40 0.09 3.73 0.10 2.57 0.07 79.4 2.05 176.9 10.2 0.334 0.003 5.05 0.09 0.533 0.009 4.85 0.10 5.32 0.11 1.80 0.04 70.4 1.27 181.9 10.3 0.267 0.002 4.16 0.07 0.440 0.005 3.99 0.08 4.39 0.09 2.18 0.04 70.8 1.55 186.9 10.4 0.467 0.003 5.30 0.09 0.602 0.006 5.03 0.10 5.53 0.11 1.73 0.04 64.1 1.11 191.9 10.5 0.525 0.005 5.73 0.10 0.638 0.008 5.43 0.12 5.98 0.13 1.60 0.03 54.3 0.87 196.9 10.7 0.615 0.007 5.77 0.12 0.734 0.009 5.41 0.14 5.97 0.15 1.61 0.04 54.7 0.88 201.9 10.8 0.696 0.005 6.06 0.04 0.786 0.009 5.67 0.08 6.26 0.09 1.53 0.02 54.2 0.83 206.9 10.9 0.666 0.007 5.78 0.14 0.762 0.008 5.40 0.16 5.97 0.17 1.61 0.05 57.0 0.92 211.9 11.0 0.642 0.005 5.41 0.05 0.759 0.009 5.04 0.08 5.58 0.09 1.72 0.03 57.9 0.99 216.9 11.2 0.631 0.005 5.13 0.05 0.786 0.012 4.77 0.08 5.28 0.09 1.82 0.03 55.5 1.01 221.9 11.3 0.624 0.004 4.96 0.08 0.790 0.009 4.59 0.11 5.09 0.12 1.88 0.04 57.6 1.09 226.9 11.4 0.712 0.006 5.57 0.07 0.826 0.010 5.16 0.10 5.74 0.11 1.67 0.03 52.1 0.87 231.9 11.5 0.726 0.004 5.81 0.07 0.876 0.010 5.39 0.10 5.99 0.11 1.60 0.03 57.4 0.92 233.9 11.6 0.607 0.005 5.20 0.12 1.167 0.012 4.80 0.13 5.34 0.15 1.80 0.05 53.1 0.95 238.9 11.7 0.634 0.004 5.48 0.09 1.200 0.014 5.06 0.11 5.64 0.12 1.70 0.04 53.2 0.91 243.9 11.8 0.680 0.005 5.45 0.13 1.228 0.014 5.01 0.14 5.59 0.16 1.72 0.05 50.0 0.86 248.9 12.0 0.671 0.006 5.83 0.05 1.302 0.014 5.38 0.08 6.00 0.09 1.60 0.03 55.6 0.89 253.9 12.1 0.670 0.007 5.50 0.07 1.528 0.017 5.03 0.10 5.62 0.11 1.71 0.03 53.2 0.91 258.9 12.5 0.702 0.004 5.58 0.08 1.607 0.017 5.07 0.11 5.69 0.12 1.69 0.03 50.4 0.85 263.9 13.2 0.667 0.004 5.53 0.09 1.957 0.023 4.99 0.11 5.63 0.13 1.70 0.04 52.4 0.89 268.9 13.9 0.547 0.004 4.39 0.07 1.636 0.017 3.93 0.09 4.47 0.10 2.15 0.05 49.2 1.06 273.9 14.7 0.715 0.007 6.21 0.10 2.246 0.027 5.58 0.12 6.39 0.14 1.50 0.03 56.0 0.84 273.9 14.7 0.721 0.004 6.12 0.05 2.253 0.024 5.49 0.09 6.29 0.10 1.53 0.03 56.0 0.86 278.9 15.4 0.649 0.007 5.48 0.05 2.164 0.028 4.88 0.08 5.63 0.09 1.70 0.03 55.8 0.95 283.9 16.2 0.647 0.006 5.78 0.08 2.135 0.022 5.17 0.11 6.00 0.12 1.60 0.03 57.6 0.92 288.9 16.9 0.620 0.004 5.35 0.05 2.163 0.025 4.74 0.08 5.54 0.10 1.73 0.03 56.7 0.98 293.9 17.6 0.597 0.005 5.20 0.04 2.143 0.022 4.59 0.07 5.40 0.09 1.78 0.03 61.2 1.09 298.9 18.4 0.578 0.006 4.88 0.06 2.092 0.022 4.27 0.08 5.06 0.10 1.90 0.04 63.2 1.20 303.9 22.1 0.604 0.005 5.03 0.04 2.122 0.022 4.39 0.07 5.24 0.09 1.83 0.03 59.9 1.10 308.9 22.3 0.586 0.004 5.06 0.15 2.048 0.021 4.43 0.16 5.33 0.19 1.80 0.06 60.9 1.10 313.9 22.5 0.616 0.005 5.52 0.07 1.982 0.020 4.88 0.10 5.90 0.12 1.62 0.03 47.0 0.76 318.9 22.6 0.666 0.006 5.82 0.05 2.008 0.021 5.14 0.08 6.26 0.10 1.53 0.03 58.4 0.90 323.9 22.8 0.651 0.007 5.45 0.08 1.935 0.020 4.79 0.10 5.87 0.13 1.63 0.04 57.6 0.94 328.9 23.0 0.697 0.005 6.02 0.08 2.005 0.021 5.32 0.11 6.56 0.13 1.46 0.03 57.0 0.83 333.9 23.1 0.665 0.005 5.65 0.05 1.925 0.020 4.96 0.09 6.17 0.11 1.56 0.03 53.8 0.84 338.9 23.3 0.679 0.004 5.89 0.07 1.907 0.021 5.20 0.10 6.46 0.13 1.48 0.03 55.1 0.82 343.9 23.5 0.695 0.004 6.04 0.07 1.852 0.020 5.35 0.10 6.67 0.13 1.44 0.03 55.6 0.80 348.9 23.6 0.689 0.006 6.07 0.06 1.846 0.020 5.39 0.09 6.73 0.11 1.43 0.02 57.2 0.82 353.9 23.8 0.695 0.004 5.99 0.08 1.863 0.020 5.30 0.11 6.62 0.13 1.45 0.03 54.4 0.79 358.9 24.0 0.646 0.006 5.59 0.08 1.758 0.018 4.94 0.10 6.19 0.13 1.55 0.03 54.3 0.84 363.9 24.2 0.702 0.005 6.09 0.06 1.905 0.020 5.39 0.09 6.75 0.11 1.42 0.02 54.8 0.78 368.9 24.5 0.710 0.004 6.03 0.05 1.961 0.020 5.30 0.09 6.66 0.11 1.44 0.02 52.3 0.75 373.9 24.7 0.723 0.007 5.83 0.10 1.907 0.020 5.11 0.13 6.42 0.16 1.49 0.04 53.2 0.79 378.9 25.0 0.642 0.006 5.43 0.04 1.688 0.018 4.79 0.08 6.03 0.10 1.59 0.03 50.3 0.80 383 25.2 0.671 0.010 5.15 0.08 1.522 0.016 4.54 0.10 5.72 0.13 1.68 0.04 50.5 0.85 388 25.4 0.684 0.009 5.35 0.10 1.549 0.016 4.73 0.12 5.97 0.16 1.61 0.04 45.3 0.73 393 25.7 0.637 0.011 4.87 0.08 1.349 0.015 4.30 0.10 5.44 0.13 1.76 0.04 41.6 0.73 398 25.9 0.573 0.007 4.19 0.06 1.167 0.013 3.70 0.08 4.68 0.10 2.05 0.05 38.7 0.79 403 26.2 0.634 0.008 5.02 0.11 1.284 0.014 4.48 0.13 5.68 0.16 1.69 0.05 43.6 0.74 408 26.4 0.722 0.008 5.73 0.09 1.485 0.015 5.10 0.11 6.48 0.14 1.48 0.03 53.9 0.80 413 26.7 0.739 0.012 6.35 0.10 1.424 0.016 5.72 0.12 7.28 0.16 1.32 0.03 54.1 0.71 418 26.9 0.684 0.008 5.78 0.08 1.350 0.016 5.19 0.11 6.61 0.13 1.45 0.03 48.5 0.70 423 27.2 0.687 0.009 6.04 0.10 1.413 0.014 5.43 0.12 6.94 0.16 1.38 0.03 56.4 0.78 428 27.4 0.722 0.009 6.35 0.09 1.416 0.015 5.72 0.12 7.34 0.15 1.31 0.03 55.2 0.72 433 27.7 0.701 0.009 6.32 0.08 1.581 0.018 5.66 0.11 7.28 0.14 1.32 0.02 54.7 0.72 438 27.9 0.663 0.010 5.78 0.13 1.319 0.014 5.20 0.15 6.71 0.19 1.43 0.04 53.6 0.77 443 28.2 0.648 0.010 5.66 0.09 1.304 0.014 5.08 0.12 6.58 0.15 1.46 0.03 50.6 0.74 448 28.5 0.722 0.008 6.95 0.10 1.402 0.016 6.32 0.13 8.21 0.17 1.17 0.02 53.4 0.62 453 28.8 0.702 0.009 6.70 0.12 1.410 0.015 6.07 0.14 7.91 0.18 1.21 0.03 53.1 0.64 458 29.2 0.718 0.008 6.96 0.13 1.391 0.016 6.32 0.15 8.26 0.20 1.16 0.03 56.3 0.65 463 29.5 0.710 0.009 6.91 0.09 1.329 0.015 6.29 0.11 8.24 0.15 1.16 0.02 50.0 0.58 468 29.8 0.667 0.009 6.42 0.11 1.244 0.013 5.84 0.13 7.67 0.17 1.25 0.03 52.9 0.66 473 30.1 0.693 0.007 6.35 0.10 1.229 0.013 5.76 0.12 7.59 0.16 1.26 0.03 46.5 0.59 478 30.5 0.726 0.009 6.64 0.17 1.299 0.014 6.02 0.19 7.95 0.25 1.21 0.04 54.8 0.66 483 30.8 0.703 0.010 6.18 0.11 1.336 0.014 5.55 0.13 7.36 0.17 1.30 0.03 52.8 0.69 488 31.1 0.717 0.009 6.23 0.10 1.339 0.014 5.60 0.13 7.44 0.17 1.29 0.03 52.6 0.68 493 31.4 0.616 0.007 5.75 0.07 1.156 0.012 5.20 0.10 6.94 0.13 1.38 0.03 53.3 0.74 498 31.8 0.563 0.006 5.00 0.06 1.161 0.013 4.46 0.09 5.97 0.12 1.61 0.03 53.4 0.86 503 32.1 0.573 0.006 4.93 0.06 1.178 0.012 4.39 0.08 5.88 0.11 1.63 0.03 52.9 0.86 508 32.4 0.585 0.007 5.57 0.07 1.214 0.013 5.01 0.10 6.74 0.13 1.42 0.03 57.1 0.81 513 32.7 0.565 0.006 5.42 0.08 1.274 0.013 4.85 0.10 6.54 0.14 1.47 0.03 54.0 0.79 518 33.1 0.515 0.027 4.95 0.09 1.137 0.013 4.43 0.10 5.99 0.14 1.60 0.04 55.3 0.89 523 33.4 0.572 0.011 5.14 0.10 1.218 0.013 4.58 0.11 6.21 0.15 1.54 0.04 54.8 0.85 528 33.7 0.617 0.008 5.41 0.07 1.248 0.015 4.82 0.09 6.56 0.13 1.46 0.03 54.0 0.79 532.6 34.0 0.552 0.008 5.24 0.08 1.184 0.015 4.69 0.10 6.39 0.14 1.50 0.03 49.6 0.74 537.6 34.3 0.480 0.006 4.29 0.06 1.093 0.012 3.79 0.08 5.18 0.11 1.85 0.04 47.7 0.88 542.6 34.7 0.472 0.006 4.35 0.08 1.102 0.011 3.84 0.10 5.27 0.13 1.82 0.05 48.6 0.88 547.6 35.0 0.413 0.005 3.67 0.05 0.883 0.010 3.25 0.06 4.48 0.09 2.14 0.04 40.2 0.86 552.6 35.3 0.516 0.008 4.64 0.06 1.115 0.012 4.11 0.08 5.67 0.11 1.69 0.03 50.9 0.86 557.6 35.6 0.507 0.007 4.87 0.09 1.193 0.012 4.32 0.11 5.98 0.15 1.61 0.04 63.1 1.01 562.6 36.0 0.539 0.008 4.80 0.09 1.211 0.014 4.23 0.10 5.87 0.14 1.63 0.04 62.8 1.03 567.6 36.3 0.599 0.007 5.41 0.07 1.372 0.015 4.77 0.10 6.64 0.14 1.45 0.03 62.8 0.91 572.6 36.6 0.546 0.008 5.25 0.05 1.311 0.015 4.65 0.08 6.49 0.11 1.48 0.03 60.8 0.90 577.6 36.9 0.503 0.006 5.06 0.08 1.377 0.015 4.45 0.10 6.23 0.14 1.54 0.03 62.9 0.97 582.6 37.3 0.491 0.006 5.08 0.09 1.266 0.013 4.50 0.10 6.32 0.15 1.52 0.04 65.2 0.99 587.6 37.6 0.427 0.005 4.16 0.06 1.191 0.013 3.63 0.08 5.11 0.11 1.88 0.04 66.6 1.25 592.6 37.9 0.429 0.005 4.37 0.09 1.307 0.014 3.79 0.10 5.36 0.14 1.79 0.05 65.6 1.17 597.6 38.2 0.383 0.006 3.93 0.06 1.352 0.014 3.35 0.07 4.74 0.10 2.02 0.04 68.7 1.39 602.6 38.6 0.379 0.005 3.96 0.06 1.420 0.016 3.36 0.07 4.77 0.10 2.01 0.04 68.8 1.38 607.6 38.9 0.382 0.008 4.19 0.10 1.465 0.016 3.57 0.11 5.07 0.15 1.89 0.06 67.6 1.28 612.6 39.1 0.389 0.005 4.30 0.06 1.486 0.017 3.67 0.07 5.22 0.10 1.84 0.04 68.1 1.25 617.6 39.2 0.381 0.004 4.02 0.08 1.439 0.018 3.41 0.09 4.86 0.12 1.98 0.05 72.5 1.43 622.6 39.3 0.393 0.005 4.11 0.07 1.426 0.015 3.50 0.09 4.98 0.12 1.92 0.05 67.8 1.30 627.6 39.5 0.402 0.005 4.29 0.06 1.409 0.015 3.69 0.08 5.25 0.11 1.83 0.04 67.4 1.23 632.6 39.6 0.414 0.005 4.69 0.07 1.492 0.016 4.05 0.09 5.77 0.12 1.66 0.04 69.3 1.15 637.6 39.7 0.418 0.005 4.24 0.06 1.341 0.017 3.65 0.07 5.20 0.11 1.84 0.04 63.0 1.16 642.6 39.8 0.453 0.006 4.99 0.08 1.387 0.015 4.37 0.09 6.24 0.13 1.54 0.03 64.0 0.98 647.6 40.0 0.428 0.005 4.57 0.07 1.291 0.014 3.99 0.08 5.70 0.12 1.68 0.03 59.9 1.01 652.6 40.1 0.470 0.002 5.01 0.05 1.415 0.015 4.38 0.07 6.25 0.10 1.53 0.02 61.4 0.94 657.6 40.2 0.463 0.003 4.58 0.04 1.461 0.015 3.93 0.07 5.62 0.09 1.71 0.03 60.0 1.02 662.6 40.3 0.453 0.003 4.40 0.03 1.492 0.015 3.74 0.06 5.35 0.08 1.79 0.03 62.6 1.12 667.6 40.5 0.485 0.004 4.68 0.04 1.578 0.016 3.99 0.06 5.71 0.09 1.68 0.03 65.4 1.10 671.6 40.6 0.519 0.005 4.90 0.05 1.784 0.018 4.12 0.08 5.91 0.11 1.62 0.03 64.5 1.05 676.6 40.7 0.500 0.005 4.84 0.06 1.876 0.019 4.03 0.08 5.81 0.12 1.65 0.03 63.8 1.05 681.6 40.8 0.510 0.004 4.83 0.03 1.947 0.021 3.98 0.06 5.79 0.09 1.66 0.03 65.1 1.08 686.6 40.9 0.501 0.003 4.57 0.04 1.826 0.019 3.75 0.07 5.51 0.10 1.74 0.03 64.7 1.13 691.6 41.1 0.496 0.004 4.53 0.04 1.817 0.019 3.71 0.07 5.49 0.10 1.75 0.03 62.1 1.08 696.6 41.2 0.498 0.011 4.50 0.10 1.848 0.024 3.66 0.12 5.43 0.17 1.77 0.06 67.0 1.18 701.6 41.3 0.524 0.003 4.48 0.04 1.858 0.019 3.62 0.07 5.40 0.10 1.78 0.03 65.5 1.16 706.6 41.4 0.520 0.004 4.47 0.09 1.903 0.020 3.60 0.11 5.37 0.16 1.79 0.05 59.7 1.07 711.6 41.6 0.522 0.004 4.41 0.06 1.856 0.020 3.55 0.08 5.31 0.12 1.81 0.04 60.0 1.08 716.6 41.7 0.614 0.004 4.93 0.05 2.059 0.022 3.96 0.08 5.94 0.12 1.62 0.03 59.6 0.96 721.6 41.8 0.629 0.004 4.69 0.07 2.011 0.020 3.73 0.09 5.61 0.14 1.71 0.04 58.9 1.01 726.6 41.9 0.615 0.003 4.51 0.05 1.892 0.019 3.60 0.08 5.43 0.12 1.77 0.04 55.3 0.98 731.6 42.1 0.609 0.005 4.51 0.04 1.894 0.019 3.60 0.08 5.43 0.12 1.77 0.04 55.6 0.98 736.6 42.2 0.607 0.005 4.29 0.05 1.782 0.018 3.42 0.08 5.16 0.12 1.86 0.04 54.5 1.01 741.6 42.3 0.726 0.006 4.77 0.04 1.979 0.021 3.79 0.09 5.72 0.13 1.68 0.04 57.8 0.97 746.6 42.4 0.755 0.005 5.00 0.06 1.908 0.020 4.04 0.10 6.10 0.15 1.57 0.04 56.8 0.89 751.6 42.6 0.791 0.006 4.86 0.07 1.911 0.021 3.88 0.11 5.87 0.17 1.64 0.05 57.3 0.94 756.6 42.7 0.730 0.007 4.65 0.06 1.877 0.020 3.71 0.10 5.61 0.15 1.71 0.05 57.5 0.98 761.6 42.8 0.649 0.005 4.14 0.09 1.754 0.020 3.26 0.11 4.93 0.17 1.94 0.07 55.1 1.07 766.6 42.9 0.713 0.007 4.57 0.06 1.873 0.022 3.63 0.10 5.49 0.15 1.75 0.05 52.6 0.92 771.6 43.1 0.637 0.007 3.93 0.07 1.861 0.022 3.02 0.10 4.57 0.14 2.10 0.07 58.2 1.22 776.6 43.2 0.757 0.011 4.77 0.03 1.998 0.024 3.77 0.09 5.69 0.13 1.68 0.04 61.0 1.03 781.6 43.3 0.708 0.007 4.60 0.07 1.870 0.020 3.66 0.10 5.54 0.15 1.73 0.05 57.2 0.99 781.6 43.3 0.688 0.004 3.97 0.06 1.649 0.019 3.13 0.10 4.73 0.15 2.03 0.06 54.2 1.10 786.6 43.4 0.678 0.005 4.06 0.09 1.668 0.019 3.21 0.11 4.85 0.17 1.98 0.07 53.8 1.06 791.6 43.6 0.701 0.006 4.11 0.07 1.672 0.017 3.25 0.11 4.92 0.16 1.95 0.06 57.6 1.12 796.6 43.7 0.724 0.007 4.13 0.05 1.828 0.019 3.20 0.10 4.84 0.14 1.98 0.06 61.7 1.22 801.6 43.8 0.784 0.008 4.25 0.04 1.816 0.019 3.32 0.09 5.02 0.14 1.91 0.05 62.0 1.19 806.6 43.9 0.772 0.004 4.04 0.06 1.721 0.019 3.14 0.10 4.75 0.15 2.02 0.07 62.7 1.27 811.6 44.1 0.800 0.009 4.19 0.07 1.743 0.019 3.28 0.11 4.96 0.17 1.94 0.06 62.8 1.22 816.6 44.2 0.843 0.007 4.38 0.08 1.765 0.020 3.44 0.12 5.21 0.18 1.84 0.06 62.1 1.14 820.4 44.3 0.824 0.009 4.12 0.05 1.733 0.021 3.20 0.10 4.85 0.16 1.98 0.06 63.0 1.25 825.4 44.4 0.814 0.007 4.20 0.05 1.718 0.021 3.29 0.10 4.98 0.15 1.92 0.06 61.5 1.18 830.4 44.5 0.826 0.009 4.12 0.08 1.716 0.022 3.20 0.12 4.85 0.18 1.98 0.07 61.8 1.22 835.4 44.6 0.822 0.005 4.29 0.07 1.635 0.018 3.40 0.11 5.15 0.17 1.86 0.06 60.8 1.13 840.4 44.8 0.786 0.009 3.72 0.06 1.528 0.017 2.89 0.10 4.38 0.16 2.19 0.08 56.9 1.25 845.4 44.9 0.773 0.007 4.21 0.06 1.496 0.019 3.40 0.10 5.15 0.16 1.86 0.06 58.5 1.09 850.4 45.0 0.728 0.009 3.81 0.07 1.370 0.018 3.06 0.11 4.64 0.16 2.07 0.07 61.7 1.27 855.4 45.2 0.762 0.010 4.04 0.10 1.382 0.014 3.27 0.13 4.97 0.20 1.93 0.08 59.5 1.15 860.4 45.5 0.932 0.017 5.46 0.09 1.644 0.018 4.54 0.13 6.89 0.20 1.39 0.04 54.7 0.76 865.4 45.7 0.902 0.011 5.05 0.11 1.621 0.018 4.15 0.15 6.31 0.22 1.52 0.05 54.6 0.83 870.4 45.9 0.795 0.012 4.50 0.07 1.576 0.016 3.65 0.11 5.56 0.17 1.73 0.05 51.3 0.88 875.4 46.2 0.791 0.012 4.34 0.16 1.563 0.019 3.49 0.18 5.32 0.28 1.80 0.10 54.1 0.98 880.4 46.4 0.741 0.009 4.34 0.15 1.649 0.019 3.47 0.17 5.30 0.25 1.81 0.09 53.7 0.97 885.4 46.6 0.701 0.010 4.38 0.07 1.824 0.020 3.45 0.11 5.28 0.16 1.82 0.06 58.0 1.05 890.4 46.9 0.726 0.006 4.53 0.06 1.854 0.019 3.59 0.10 5.49 0.15 1.75 0.05 58.0 1.01 895.4 47.1 0.737 0.004 4.64 0.05 1.949 0.025 3.65 0.09 5.59 0.14 1.72 0.04 59.3 1.02 900.4 47.3 0.683 0.004 4.18 0.07 1.851 0.020 3.24 0.10 4.97 0.16 1.93 0.06 61.0 1.18 905.4 47.6 0.753 0.005 4.58 0.03 1.929 0.020 3.59 0.09 5.51 0.13 1.74 0.04 57.4 1.00 910.4 47.8 0.778 0.005 4.79 0.03 2.007 0.021 3.76 0.09 5.78 0.14 1.66 0.04 61.4 1.02 915.4 48.0 0.743 0.004 4.52 0.07 1.906 0.020 3.54 0.11 5.46 0.16 1.76 0.05 63.1 1.11 920.4 48.3 0.707 0.005 4.37 0.05 1.861 0.021 3.42 0.09 5.27 0.14 1.82 0.05 58.3 1.06 925.4 48.5 0.719 0.006 4.34 0.07 1.934 0.021 3.35 0.10 5.17 0.16 1.86 0.06 60.7 1.13 930.4 48.7 0.725 0.006 4.29 0.04 1.762 0.019 3.37 0.09 5.21 0.13 1.84 0.05 57.9 1.07 935.4 49.0 0.734 0.006 4.21 0.05 1.717 0.018 3.31 0.10 5.11 0.15 1.88 0.05 57.2 1.07 940.4 49.2 0.683 0.005 4.13 0.04 1.641 0.021 3.26 0.08 5.05 0.13 1.90 0.05 61.0 1.16 945.4 49.4 0.704 0.007 4.14 0.04 1.604 0.017 3.29 0.09 5.10 0.14 1.88 0.05 55.7 1.05 950.4 49.7 0.709 0.007 4.15 0.05 1.689 0.020 3.27 0.09 5.06 0.15 1.90 0.05 59.3 1.13 955.4 49.9 0.652 0.007 3.71 0.07 1.441 0.015 2.93 0.10 4.55 0.15 2.11 0.07 57.3 1.21 960.4 50.1 0.667 0.006 3.61 0.06 1.401 0.016 2.85 0.10 4.42 0.15 2.17 0.07 58.4 1.27 965.4 50.4 0.648 0.004 3.93 0.04 1.312 0.016 3.21 0.08 5.00 0.13 1.92 0.05 57.4 1.10 969.9 50.6 0.597 0.004 3.14 0.04 1.212 0.013 2.46 0.08 3.86 0.12 2.48 0.08 59.2 1.47 974.9 50.8 0.644 0.004 3.56 0.08 1.316 0.014 2.83 0.11 4.46 0.17 2.15 0.08 58.4 1.26 979.9 51.1 0.684 0.007 3.84 0.05 1.087 0.015 3.18 0.09 5.04 0.14 1.90 0.05 62.6 1.19 984.9 51.3 0.667 0.007 3.47 0.06 1.316 0.014 2.72 0.10 4.33 0.15 2.21 0.08 58.9 1.30 989.9 51.5 0.598 0.007 3.01 0.07 1.260 0.013 2.31 0.09 3.69 0.15 2.60 0.11 55.3 1.44 994.9 51.8 0.715 0.007 3.70 0.05 1.050 0.013 3.04 0.09 4.90 0.15 1.96 0.06 49.1 0.96 999.9 52.0 0.661 0.010 3.63 0.03 1.209 0.013 2.93 0.08 4.73 0.13 2.03 0.05 42.2 0.86 1004.9 52.5 0.390 0.003 2.14 0.03 0.687 0.007 1.73 0.05 2.82 0.09 3.41 0.11 38.7 1.32 1009.9 53.0 0.708 0.007 3.83 0.04 1.122 0.012 3.14 0.09 5.12 0.15 1.87 0.05 48.9 0.92 1014.9 53.5 0.742 0.005 4.51 0.04 1.135 0.020 3.81 0.09 6.23 0.15 1.54 0.04 58.8 0.91 1019.9 54.0 0.702 0.012 4.10 0.09 1.166 0.016 3.39 0.12 5.57 0.20 1.72 0.06 58.1 1.00 1024.9 54.5 0.713 0.006 4.13 0.05 1.168 0.015 3.42 0.09 5.64 0.16 1.70 0.05 55.9 0.95 1029.9 55.0 0.653 0.006 3.60 0.05 1.019 0.014 2.96 0.09 4.91 0.14 1.96 0.06 54.5 1.07 1034.9 55.5 0.526 0.008 2.80 0.06 0.923 0.010 2.24 0.08 3.72 0.13 2.58 0.09 55.8 1.44 1039.9 56.0 0.423 0.005 2.33 0.06 0.763 0.008 1.87 0.07 3.12 0.12 3.08 0.12 48.0 1.48 1044.9 56.5 0.423 0.003 2.42 0.02 0.796 0.009 1.94 0.05 3.26 0.09 2.95 0.08 58.0 1.71 1049.9 57.0 0.494 0.006 2.88 0.03 0.904 0.012 2.33 0.06 3.93 0.10 2.44 0.06 64.5 1.58 1054.9 57.5 0.554 0.004 2.83 0.03 0.953 0.010 2.24 0.07 3.78 0.11 2.54 0.08 68.8 1.75 1059.9 58.0 0.440 0.006 2.68 0.05 0.881 0.011 2.15 0.07 3.65 0.11 2.63 0.08 68.2 1.79 1064.9 58.3 0.422 0.005 2.64 0.05 0.898 0.009 2.11 0.07 3.60 0.12 2.67 0.09 70.8 1.89 1069.9 58.5 0.540 0.016 2.95 0.06 1.021 0.016 2.33 0.09 3.98 0.15 2.41 0.09 66.4 1.60 1074.9 58.8 0.560 0.013 3.31 0.06 1.112 0.017 2.64 0.09 4.52 0.15 2.12 0.07 62.8 1.33 1079.9 59.0 0.622 0.008 3.79 0.10 1.246 0.018 3.03 0.12 5.22 0.21 1.84 0.07 62.7 1.15 1084.9 59.3 0.620 0.011 3.85 0.09 1.404 0.023 3.02 0.12 5.23 0.20 1.83 0.07 60.0 1.10 1089.9 59.5 0.730 0.015 4.92 0.15 1.743 0.026 3.89 0.17 6.76 0.30 1.42 0.06 59.9 0.85 1094.9 59.8 0.775 0.020 5.15 0.18 1.817 0.024 4.08 0.20 7.11 0.36 1.35 0.07 54.1 0.73 1099.9 60.0 0.749 0.022 5.09 0.26 1.837 0.029 4.00 0.27 7.01 0.47 1.37 0.09 55.6 0.76 1104.9 60.3 0.763 0.020 4.88 0.10 1.797 0.033 3.81 0.14 6.70 0.24 1.43 0.05 55.2 0.79 1109.9 60.5 0.816 0.016 4.99 0.12 1.810 0.041 3.90 0.15 6.88 0.27 1.39 0.06 57.2 0.80 1114.9 60.8 0.804 0.024 4.72 0.19 1.916 0.023 3.57 0.21 6.33 0.38 1.52 0.09 56.7 0.86 1119.3 61.0 0.791 0.010 4.39 0.10 1.718 0.019 3.34 0.14 5.93 0.24 1.62 0.07 56.5 0.91 1124.3 61.2 0.839 0.009 4.23 0.24 1.638 0.023 3.21 0.26 5.73 0.46 1.67 0.14 57.2 0.96 1129.3 61.5 0.790 0.015 4.33 0.15 1.605 0.017 3.33 0.17 5.97 0.31 1.61 0.08 56.1 0.90 1134.3 61.7 0.824 0.027 4.53 0.18 1.629 0.019 3.51 0.20 6.31 0.37 1.52 0.09 58.1 0.88 1139.3 62.0 0.844 0.005 4.27 0.05 1.691 0.023 3.21 0.11 5.79 0.20 1.66 0.06 55.6 0.92 1144.3 62.2 0.892 0.014 4.52 0.07 1.807 0.026 3.38 0.12 6.13 0.22 1.57 0.06 51.5 0.81 1149.3 62.5 0.852 0.005 4.58 0.09 1.767 0.025 3.48 0.13 6.33 0.24 1.52 0.06 53.1 0.81 1154.3 62.7 0.855 0.006 4.71 0.10 1.842 0.019 3.56 0.14 6.50 0.25 1.48 0.06 56.1 0.83 1159.3 63.0 0.825 0.007 4.47 0.09 1.759 0.026 3.36 0.13 6.17 0.24 1.55 0.06 52.2 0.81 1164.3 63.2 0.817 0.008 4.27 0.05 1.659 0.029 3.22 0.10 5.93 0.19 1.62 0.05 50.3 0.81 1169.3 63.5 0.894 0.007 5.07 0.12 1.770 0.028 3.94 0.16 7.28 0.29 1.32 0.05 50.0 0.66 1174.3 63.7 0.837 0.013 4.83 0.08 1.718 0.019 3.74 0.12 6.94 0.23 1.38 0.04 52.3 0.72 1179.3 64.0 0.802 0.011 5.18 0.11 1.737 0.023 4.08 0.14 7.61 0.27 1.26 0.04 52.9 0.67 1184.3 64.3 0.759 0.012 4.70 0.10 1.594 0.021 3.68 0.14 6.88 0.25 1.39 0.05 55.5 0.77 1189.3 64.7 0.732 0.004 4.69 0.04 1.498 0.016 3.73 0.09 7.01 0.17 1.37 0.03 52.7 0.72 1194.3 65.1 0.715 0.004 4.67 0.05 1.564 0.017 3.67 0.09 6.93 0.18 1.39 0.04 57.6 0.80 1199.3 65.4 0.686 0.003 4.77 0.06 1.029 0.053 4.06 0.10 7.69 0.19 1.25 0.03 60.1 0.75 1204.3 65.8 0.629 0.003 4.60 0.03 1.446 0.112 3.68 0.10 6.99 0.19 1.37 0.04 60.0 0.82 1209.3 66.2 0.597 0.004 4.22 0.03 1.550 0.020 3.26 0.07 6.21 0.14 1.54 0.04 61.1 0.94 1214.3 66.6 0.584 0.005 4.10 0.06 1.493 0.018 3.17 0.09 6.06 0.17 1.58 0.04 62.9 1.00 1219.3 66.9 0.549 0.003 3.81 0.03 1.444 0.016 2.90 0.07 5.58 0.14 1.72 0.04 63.1 1.08 1224.3 67.3 0.551 0.003 3.98 0.04 1.407 0.016 3.09 0.07 5.97 0.14 1.61 0.04 63.3 1.02 1229.3 67.7 0.527 0.003 3.46 0.04 1.212 0.012 2.68 0.07 5.19 0.14 1.85 0.05 62.0 1.14 1234.3 68.1 0.514 0.003 3.24 0.05 1.099 0.013 2.53 0.08 4.92 0.15 1.95 0.06 60.3 1.18 1239.3 68.4 0.478 0.003 3.15 0.03 0.889 0.009 2.55 0.06 4.99 0.12 1.92 0.05 67.4 1.30 1244.3 68.8 0.502 0.004 3.13 0.03 0.900 0.011 2.53 0.07 4.95 0.13 1.94 0.05 62.1 1.20 1246.3 69.0 0.513 0.007 3.07 0.03 0.842 0.009 2.49 0.07 4.89 0.13 1.96 0.05 66.8 1.31 1251.3 69.3 0.681 0.007 4.75 0.07 1.053 0.012 4.02 0.10 7.92 0.20 1.21 0.03 61.3 0.74 1256.3 69.7 0.717 0.007 4.47 0.05 1.067 0.016 3.72 0.10 7.37 0.19 1.30 0.03 60.6 0.79 1261.3 70.1 0.642 0.004 3.50 0.03 0.954 0.010 2.82 0.08 5.61 0.16 1.71 0.05 55.2 0.94 1266.3 70.5 0.600 0.004 3.34 0.03 0.893 0.011 2.71 0.08 5.41 0.15 1.77 0.05 55.2 0.98 1271.3 70.8 0.571 0.003 3.26 0.04 0.829 0.011 2.67 0.08 5.35 0.15 1.79 0.05 60.3 1.08 1276.3 71.2 0.483 0.003 2.94 0.03 0.784 0.008 2.39 0.06 4.80 0.13 2.00 0.05 60.2 1.20 1281.3 71.6 0.327 0.002 2.73 0.03 0.667 0.007 2.28 0.05 4.61 0.09 2.08 0.04 55.4 1.15 1286.3 72.0 0.296 0.002 2.85 0.05 0.664 0.007 2.40 0.06 4.87 0.12 1.97 0.05 62.9 1.24 1291.3 72.3 0.305 0.002 2.87 0.04 0.628 0.006 2.45 0.05 4.98 0.11 1.92 0.04 58.4 1.12 1296.3 72.7 0.328 0.002 2.96 0.03 0.686 0.007 2.50 0.05 5.10 0.10 1.88 0.04 55.2 1.04 1301.3 73.1 0.267 0.002 2.31 0.03 0.503 0.005 1.97 0.04 4.03 0.09 2.38 0.05 40.5 0.96 1303.3 73.3 0.147 0.001 1.08 0.03 0.287 0.003 0.89 0.03 1.82 0.07 5.26 0.21 21.2 1.12 1306.3 73.6 0.256 0.002 2.30 0.03 0.457 0.005 1.98 0.04 4.09 0.09 2.35 0.05 43.0 1.01 1311.3 74.0 0.361 0.002 3.34 0.03 0.622 0.006 2.90 0.05 6.00 0.10 1.60 0.03 58.1 0.93 1316.3 74.5 0.347 0.002 3.45 0.03 0.627 0.007 3.02 0.05 6.26 0.10 1.53 0.03 61.5 0.94 1321.3 75.0 0.281 0.002 2.79 0.02 0.573 0.006 2.39 0.04 4.99 0.08 1.92 0.03 51.9 1.00 1326.3 75.5 0.250 0.002 2.52 0.02 0.571 0.006 2.13 0.04 4.46 0.08 2.15 0.04 58.0 1.25 1331.3 75.9 0.252 0.002 2.77 0.02 0.661 0.007 2.33 0.04 4.90 0.08 1.96 0.03 61.5 1.21 1336.3 76.4 0.244 0.003 2.79 0.03 0.667 0.007 2.35 0.04 4.96 0.09 1.93 0.04 62.8 1.21 1341.3 76.9 0.241 0.002 2.85 0.05 0.735 0.007 2.36 0.05 5.05 0.12 1.90 0.04 58.9 1.12 1346.3 77.3 0.193 0.001 2.56 0.02 0.720 0.008 2.09 0.03 4.52 0.07 2.12 0.03 73.1 1.55 1351.3 77.8 0.188 0.001 2.49 0.02 0.742 0.009 2.00 0.03 4.40 0.07 2.18 0.03 71.3 1.56 1356.3 78.3 0.190 0.002 2.44 0.05 0.780 0.008 1.92 0.05 4.27 0.12 2.25 0.06 74.4 1.67 1361.3 78.7 0.190 0.001 2.48 0.08 0.800 0.009 1.94 0.08 4.38 0.18 2.19 0.09 68.7 1.50 1366.3 79.2 0.169 0.001 2.37 0.02 0.831 0.009 1.81 0.03 4.13 0.07 2.32 0.04 73.0 1.70 1371.3 79.7 0.175 0.002 1.94 0.04 0.758 0.008 1.42 0.04 3.29 0.10 2.92 0.09 61.0 1.78 1376.3 80.2 0.177 0.001 2.37 0.04 0.867 0.009 1.78 0.04 4.18 0.10 2.30 0.06 72.3 1.66 1381.3 80.6 0.178 0.001 2.30 0.05 0.856 0.009 1.71 0.05 4.06 0.12 2.37 0.07 69.7 1.65 1386.3 81.1 0.177 0.002 2.85 0.05 1.059 0.011 2.13 0.05 5.11 0.13 1.88 0.05 72.8 1.37 3. Core TN057-14PC4 Column 1: Depth in core (cm) Column 2: Relative abundance of diatom Eucampia antarctica Results represent counts of at least 300 valves, normally microscope slides. Depth (cmE. antarctica % 0 3.3 10 7.2 20 4.3 30 4.3 40 3.0 50 1.8 60 4.0 70 2.5 80 2.3 90 2.0 100 8.3 110 2.5 120 2.0 130 2.5 140 3.2 150 0.8 160 3.3 170 3.2 180 8.3 190 8.6 200 23.3 210 24.7 220 20.3 230 21.0 240 24.3 250 40.3 260 39.5 270 40.8 280 34.0 290 36.5 300 26.8 310 33.0 320 32.3 330 31.7 340 27.0 350 30.3 360 27.6 370 40.0 390 36.7 400 26.8 410 34.2 420 24.0 430 33.3 440 20.5 450 20.5 460 18.2 470 16.5 480 20.3 490 17.3 500 18.7 510 15.0 520 11.0 530 12.3 540 10.0 550 11.6 560 9.7 570 9.0 580 11.0 590 12.0 600 10.7 610 6.8 620 10.0 630 9.3 640 9.3 650 17.8 660 15.0 670 14.8 680 11.3 690 12.0 700 15.6 710 15.3 720 15.0 730 16.6 740 10.5 750 11.7 760 9.9 770 10.1 780 12.3 790 13.5 800 7.7 810 8.5 820 7.8 830 8.8 840 8.3 850 5.0 860 7.3 870 7.0 880 6.7 890 8.3 900 9.3 910 10.7 920 11.6 930 16.5 940 10.3 950 14.3 960 13.0 970 13.5 980 6.8 990 5.8 1000 4.8 1010 8.2 1020 6.6 1030 7.5 1040 7.3 1050 6.0 1060 3.2 1070 4.8 1080 5.7 1090 12.0 1100 10.7 1110 13.0 1120 9.1 1130 20.8 1140 17.9 1150 21.6 1160 16.3 1170 25.1 1180 23.4 1190 18.3 1200 9.3 1210 17.7 1220 14.1 1230 13.2 1240 7.2 1250 9.2 1260 8.3 1270 9.0 1280 5.7 1290 7.7 1300 6.8 1310 7.8 1320 10.0 1330 9.0 1340 5.8 1350 5.8 1360 6.5 1370 5.7 1380 3.8 1385 4.0 4. Core EL27-23PC Column 1: Depth in core (cm) Column 2: Assigned age (ka) Column 3: 232Th (dpm/g) Column 4: 232Th error Column 5: 230Th (dpm/g) Column 6: 230Th error Column 7: 238U (dpm/g) Column 8: 238U error Column 9: 231Pa (dpm/g) Column 10: 231Pa error Column 11: xs230Th (dpm/g) Column 12: xs230Th error Column 13: xs231Pa (dpm/g) Column 14: xs231Pa error Column 15: 231Pa/230Thxs,0 (initial activity ratio; unitless) Column 16: 231Pa/230Thxs,0 error Column 17: 230Th-normalized mass flux (g/cm^2/ka) Column 18: 230Th-normalized mass flux (error) Column 19: % Opal Column 20: 230Th-normalized opal flux (g/cm^2/ka) Depth Age 232Th ± 230Th ± 238U ± 231Pa ± xsTh ± xsPa ± xs(Pa/Th± 230Th-no± %Opal F(opal) 0.5 1.1 0.152 0.002 11.46 0.13 0.414 0.004 0.986 0.005 11.35 0.13 0.981 0.005 0.0875 0.0011 0.730 0.008 54.5 0.40 100.5 3.0 0.141 0.002 11.52 0.17 0.562 0.006 1.043 0.008 11.40 0.17 1.037 0.009 0.0944 0.0016 0.714 0.011 65.6 0.47 200.5 5.0 0.117 0.001 10.05 0.17 0.567 0.006 0.991 0.010 9.95 0.17 0.985 0.010 0.1052 0.0021 0.803 0.014 67.8 0.54 300.5 7.0 0.083 0.001 7.22 0.09 0.697 0.008 0.687 0.018 7.12 0.09 0.680 0.018 0.1040 0.0031 1.103 0.013 64.3 0.71 400.5 9.0 0.093 0.001 7.12 0.10 0.662 0.008 0.740 0.012 7.00 0.10 0.732 0.012 0.1166 0.0025 1.101 0.016 65.7 0.72 500.5 10.9 0.160 0.002 7.57 0.12 0.626 0.007 0.824 0.010 7.41 0.12 0.814 0.010 0.1255 0.0025 1.022 0.016 66.9 0.68 600.5 12.9 0.099 0.002 5.32 0.07 0.989 0.010 0.510 0.010 5.13 0.07 0.497 0.010 0.1133 0.0029 1.449 0.021 73.8 1.07 610.5 13.1 0.109 0.001 5.80 0.10 1.117 0.012 0.613 0.008 5.59 0.10 0.598 0.008 0.1253 0.0028 1.327 0.024 64.8 0.86 620.5 13.3 0.136 0.002 6.57 0.09 1.016 0.012 0.604 0.004 6.36 0.09 0.589 0.004 0.1089 0.0017 1.165 0.016 63.8 0.74 630.5 13.5 0.150 0.002 6.82 0.10 0.835 0.013 0.649 0.004 6.61 0.10 0.635 0.004 0.1131 0.0019 1.118 0.017 75.2 0.84 640.5 13.7 0.135 0.002 6.15 0.10 0.777 0.009 0.612 0.004 5.96 0.10 0.600 0.004 0.1187 0.0021 1.238 0.020 73.3 0.91 650.5 13.8 0.142 0.002 5.81 0.10 1.028 0.012 0.628 0.010 5.58 0.10 0.613 0.010 0.1299 0.0032 1.320 0.025 72.6 0.96 660.5 14.0 0.137 0.002 6.00 0.10 1.159 0.013 0.595 0.006 5.76 0.10 0.578 0.006 0.1188 0.0024 1.277 0.022 74.8 0.95 670.5 14.2 0.170 0.002 6.62 0.16 1.270 0.015 0.636 0.008 6.34 0.16 0.617 0.008 0.1155 0.0033 1.158 0.029 74.7 0.87 680.5 14.4 0.164 0.002 6.22 0.07 1.276 0.015 0.642 0.007 5.94 0.07 0.622 0.007 0.1248 0.0022 1.234 0.015 69.0 0.85 690.5 14.6 0.197 0.002 7.29 0.17 1.425 0.021 0.718 0.006 6.97 0.17 0.696 0.006 0.1192 0.0031 1.050 0.026 69.9 0.73 700.5 14.8 0.146 0.002 5.96 0.08 1.373 0.014 0.583 0.005 5.67 0.09 0.563 0.005 0.1187 0.0021 1.288 0.019 73.3 0.94 720.5 15.1 0.219 0.003 8.05 0.09 1.813 0.025 0.674 0.005 7.65 0.09 0.645 0.005 0.1013 0.0015 0.951 0.012 73.5 0.70 740.5 15.5 0.312 0.003 9.93 0.11 1.897 0.020 0.807 0.008 9.46 0.12 0.775 0.008 0.0989 0.0016 0.767 0.009 73.2 0.56 760.5 16.2 0.641 0.007 16.31 0.22 1.816 0.026 1.097 0.012 15.65 0.23 1.058 0.013 0.0823 0.0016 0.461 0.007 57.6 0.27 780.5 20.2 0.827 0.011 18.46 0.21 1.074 0.011 1.014 0.012 17.79 0.23 0.980 0.013 0.0703 0.0013 0.391 0.005 38.2 0.15 800.5 22.2 0.811 0.009 18.77 0.33 0.688 0.008 0.889 0.012 18.18 0.34 0.861 0.012 0.0619 0.0015 0.375 0.007 36.9 0.14 820.5 24.2 0.732 0.011 17.85 0.28 0.642 0.007 0.815 0.010 17.31 0.29 0.790 0.010 0.0611 0.0013 0.387 0.006 41.2 0.16 840.5 26.2 0.675 0.007 17.35 0.28 1.274 0.017 0.718 0.006 16.68 0.29 0.681 0.007 0.0560 0.0011 0.394 0.007 43.2 0.17 860.5 28.2 0.670 0.008 18.48 0.32 2.513 0.026 0.729 0.011 17.48 0.33 0.664 0.011 0.0535 0.0014 0.369 0.007 47.7 0.18 880.5 30.2 0.643 0.008 17.68 0.26 2.878 0.042 0.795 0.011 16.56 0.27 0.721 0.011 0.0627 0.0014 0.383 0.006 49.0 0.19 900.5 32.2 0.720 0.008 18.41 0.31 2.771 0.038 0.645 0.005 17.25 0.32 0.570 0.007 0.0488 0.0011 0.361 0.007 39.6 0.14 920.5 34.2 0.679 0.012 17.39 0.27 2.695 0.035 0.649 0.004 16.23 0.28 0.574 0.006 0.0535 0.0011 0.376 0.006 48.5 0.18 940.5 36.2 0.637 0.011 16.57 0.24 2.639 0.030 0.646 0.007 15.42 0.25 0.571 0.008 0.0574 0.0012 0.389 0.006 49.9 0.19 952.5 38.2 0.548 0.008 13.95 0.17 2.366 0.031 0.626 0.005 12.90 0.18 0.557 0.006 0.0686 0.0012 0.456 0.006 54.5 0.25 5. Core EL27-23PC Column 1: Depth in core (cm) Column 2: Relative abundance of diatom Eucampia antarctica Results represent counts of at least 300 valves, normally microscope slides. Depth E. antarctica (%) 0.5 2.5 100.5 2.5 200.5 1.2 300.5 2.1 400.5 1.4 500.5 3.8 600.5 7.1 610.5 4.1 620.5 4.5 630.5 6.2 640.5 2.8 650.5 8.2 660.5 9.6 670.5 8.4 680.5 6.1 690.5 11.4 700.5 10.3 720.5 8.3 740.5 10.2 760.5 11.5 780.5 16.9 800.5 15.5 820.5 10.1 840.5 12.3 6. Core EL27-23PC Column 1: Depth in core (cm) Column 2: NOSAMS Sample Number Column 3: Radiocarbon ages for mixed planktonic foraminifera (years) Column 4: Radiocarbon ages for mixed planktonic foraminifera error (years) Column 5: Calendar ages lower bound for given error using CALIB 5.0.1 Column 6: Calendar ages upper bound for given error using CALIB 5.0.1 Column 7: Calendar ages average using CALIB 5.0.1 Depth Lab Code 14C Age 14C Age SD (cal yr-) (cal yr+) (cal yr avg) 600 OS- 51913 12150 60 12773 13120 12915 740 OS- 51910 14300 65 15174 15799 15504 760 OS- 51914 14850 65 15901 16563 16229 780 OS- 51915 18250 95 19939 20389 20183 CALIB = Calendar ages derived using the CALIB radiocarbon calibration program (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) available at http://radiocarbon.pa.qub.ac.uk/calib using the calibration data set of Hughen et al. (2004). An excess reservoir correction of 800±200 years was applied.