Eocene-Oligocene Benthic Foraminifer B/Ca Calibration Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Eocene-Oligocene Benthic Foraminifer B/Ca Calibration Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Brown, R.E., L.D. Anderson, E. Thomas, and J.C. Zachos IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-110 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Brown, R.E., et al. 2012. Eocene-Oligocene Benthic Foraminifer B/Ca Calibration Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-110. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Brown, R.E., L.D. Anderson, E. Thomas, and J.C. Zachos. 2011. A core-top calibration of B/Ca in the benthic foraminifers Nuttallides umbonifera and Oridorsalis umbonatus: A proxy for Cenozoic bottom water carbonate saturation. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 310 pp. 360-368. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2011.08.023 ABSTRACT: We present modern B/Ca core-top calibrations for the epifaunal benthic foraminifer Nuttallides umbonifera and the infaunal Oridorsalis umbonatus to test whether B/Ca values in these species can be used for the reconstruction of paleo-D[CO32-]. O. umbonatus originated in the Late Cretaceous and remains extant, whereas N. umbonifera originated in the Eocene and is the closest extant relative to Nuttallides truempyi, which ranges from the Late Cretaceous through the Eocene. We measured B/Ca in both species in 35 Holocene sediment samples from the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern Oceans. B/Ca values in epifaunal N. umbonifera (~85-175 umol/mol) are consistently lower than values reported for epifaunal Cibicidoides (Cibicides) wuellerstorfi (130-250 umol/mol), though the sensitivity of D[CO32-] on B/Ca in N.umbonifera (1.23±0.15) is similar to that in C. wuellerstorfi (1.14±0.048). In addition, we show that B/Ca values of paired N. umbonifera and its extinct ancestor, N. truempyi, from Eocene cores are indistinguishable within error. In contrast, both the B/Ca (35-85 umol/mol) and sensitivity to D[CO32-] (0.29±0.20) of core-top O. umbonatus are considerably lower (as in other infaunal species), and this offset extends into the Paleocene. Thus the B/Ca of N.umbonifera and its ancestor can be used to reconstruct bottom water D[CO32-], whereas O. umbonatus B/Ca appears to be buffered by porewater [CO32-] and suited for constraining long-term drift in seawater B/Ca. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southern Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: Eocene-Oligocene, ~45 - 34 Ma FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE-0903014, Sigma Xi Grant-in-aid of Research, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brown2011/brown2011.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/brown2011/brown2011.xls DESCRIPTION: Boron/Calcium data for benthic foraminifera from the Eocene-Oligocene of Ocean Drilling Program Sites 689, 690 (Maud Rise), and Site 1262 (Walvis Ridge). Analyses were carried out by ICPMS. ODP Site 689: 64°31.020'S, 3°5.994' E, 2080m water depth ODP Site 690: 65° 9.629'S, 1°12.296'E, 2914m water depth ODP Site 1262: 27°11.160'S, 1°34.620'E, 4755m water depth DATA: 1. Supp. Table S1. Holocene sediments used in this study together with bottom water temperature (BWT), pH, D[CO32-], total boron concentration ([B]tot), and [B(OH)4-]/[HCO3-] estimated from the GLODAP and CARINA data sets. N. umbonifera Core Long. Lat. WD SampleDepth BWT pH D[CO32-] [B]tot B(OH)4-/HCO3- B/Ca 1stddev d13C d18O °E °N m cm oC TotalScale umol/kg umol/kg mol/mol umol/mol B/Ca permilVPDB permilVPDB 851 B -110.60 2.80 3772 10-15 1.48 7.78 -13.2 412 0.0185 129 6.2 -0.12 3.45 E135 160.99 0.88 4849 top 1.52 7.73 -35.4 412 0.0186 101 5.3 INMD 104 BX -21.92 4.25 3279 5-7 2.53 7.99 22.9 415 0.0202 151 5.0 0.73 3.36 INMD 106 -20.94 2.73 4702 10-15 1.44 7.88 -9.2 414 0.0200 126 6.2 0.83 2.86 INMD 42 Bx-5 -46.35 28.57 3775 0-1 2.38 7.94 17.7 415 0.0203 136 6.7 1.07 2.83 INMD 56 Bx-4 -34.75 32.45 3841 0-1 2.63 7.93 17.1 415 0.0202 137 6.7 INMD 73 Bx-4 -17.35 34.97 4041 0-1 2.43 7.92 10.8 415 0.0201 138 6.7 ODP Leg 154, 928B -43.75 5.46 4024 8-10 2.24 7.93 12.2 415 0.0203 126 6.2 0.88 3.17 ODP Leg 154, 929B -43.74 5.98 4358 3-5 1.80 7.89 -1.4 414 0.0199 145 2.7 ODP Leg 208, 1262** -1.58 -27.19 4755 top 1.60 7.83 -22.8 413 0.0196 97 4.3 -0.48 4.46 JGOFS-104** -139.64 5.08 4416 top 1.43 7.77 -23.2 412 0.0187 94 7.6 -0.71 4.37 JGOFS-113 -139.85 4.04 4431 top 1.44 7.78 -21.9 412 0.0187 108 5.1 -0.11 3.14 JGOFS-19 -139.72 -1.87 4376 top 1.43 7.78 -20.7 412 0.0188 100 6.2 0.18 3.08 JGOFS-27** -139.83 -2.89 4513 top 1.45 7.78 -25.3 412 0.0188 124 5.3 -0.17 4.25 JGOFS-28 -139.72 0.11 4301 top 1.45 7.79 -18.5 412 0.0187 101 6.2 0.02 3.49 JGOFS-34** -139.74 -4.97 4256 top 1.44 7.78 -18.8 412 0.0188 107 5.1 -0.07 4.61 JGOFS-63 -139.83 -0.87 4276 top 1.42 7.78 -19.7 412 0.0187 111 5.1 0.22 2.81 K7905 21BC -138.95 1.05 4442 0-5 1.44 7.78 -21.8 412 0.0187 89 6.2 0.36 2.96 KN178 MC-1-D -72.29 36.12 3979 0-1 2.27 7.93 13.9 415 0.0204 179 5.0 1.21 2.98 KN178 MC-4-B -72.28 36.12 3865 0-1 2.31 7.94 16.6 415 0.0205 160 2.7 0.34 3.16 KNR 110 2-57 91 -42.73 5.03 4550 3-5 1.50 7.86 -10.5 414 0.0197 131 3.2 KNR 110 2-57 91 GGC-3* -42.73 5.03 4550 89-91 1.50 7.86 -10.5 414 0.0197 131 6.7 KNR 110 2-58 STN40-2 -43.23 4.48 4300 3-5 2.00 7.90 3.0 414 0.0201 134 3.2 0.88 2.97 KNR 110 2-58 STN40-2* -43.23 4.48 4300 71-72 2.00 7.90 3.0 414 0.0201 114 3.2 -0.31 4.64 KNR 110-45 -43.48 4.78 3669 0-1 2.38 7.94 19.7 415 0.0203 148 7.1 1.31 2.91 KNR 110-94 BC -43.08 4.88 4107 0-0.5 2.19 7.92 9.9 415 0.0203 140 7.1 0.82 3.84 KNR110-53 GGC -43.05 4.92 4300 0-0.5 2.00 7.90 3.0 414 0.0201 157 4.4 0.69 3.37 NBP 9802 sta7 MC2 -170.02 -60.28 3995 5-7 0.84 7.80 -17.2 412 0.0192 109 4.4 0.27 3.11 NBP 9802 sta8 MC1 -169.98 -58.69 4324 5-7 0.85 7.80 -21.4 412 0.0192 76 7.1 0.36 3.68 PLDS 107 -138.28 6.16 3694 top 1.48 7.79 -10.0 412 0.0188 90 5.3 -0.02 3.74 PLDS 70-1 -107.22 1.06 4849 0-5 1.46 7.75 -32.9 412 0.0186 98 6.8 0.23 2.83 TT013-PC 72** -139.00 0.11 4298 top 1.43 7.78 -19.9 412 0.0187 93 4.5 -0.40 4.51 VNTR01 6GC -110.55 2.76 3765 3-4 1.48 7.78 -13.0 412 0.0185 115 5.3 0.38 2.97 VNTR01 8PC -110.48 0.04 3791 2-3 1.47 7.78 -12.2 412 0.0186 95 5.6 0.48 3.08 * samples excluded from final analysis; core depth too great. ** samples excluded from final analysis; glacial oxygen isotope value 2. Supp. Table S2. Holocene sediments used in this study together with bottom water temperature (BWT), pH, D[CO32-], total boron concentration ([B]tot),from the GLODAP and CARINA data set. O. umbonatus Core Long. Lat. WD SampleDepth BWT pH D[CO32-] [B]tot B(OH)4-/HCO3- B/Ca 1stddev °E °N m cm oC TotalScale umol/kg umol/kg mol/mol umol/mol B/Ca KN178 MC-5, D,E -73.89 35.84 3382 0-1 2.55 7.97 29.8 415 0.0206 85 2.7 NBP 9802 sta7 MC2 -170.02 -60.28 3995 6-8 0.84 7.80 -17.2 412 0.0192 41 5.3 NBP 9802 sta8 MC1 -169.98 -58.69 4324 5-7 0.85 7.80 -21.4 412 0.0192 59 2.7 PLDS 70-1 -107.22 1.06 3694 0-5 1.48 7.79 -10.0 412 0.0186 44 5.3 RC23 20 -83.60 1.00 3186 0-2 1.88 7.77 -5.3 412 0.0184 43 5.3 RR0503 831C 176.64 -37.74 1627 5-6 2.93 7.84 19.3 411 0.0191 46 5.3 VM17 44 -85.10 -3.60 3358 0-2 1.79 7.79 -5.5 412 0.0185 51 5.3 VM23-16 -45.05 46.00 2813 0-2 3.03 8.00 41.3 415 0.0208 56 2.7 VNTR01 6GC -110.55 2.76 3765 3-4 1.48 7.78 -13.0 412 0.0185 37 5.3 3. Supp. Table S3. Holocene sediments used in this study together with bottom water temperature (BWT), pH, D[CO32-], total boron concentration ([B]tot), and from the GLODAP and CARINA data set. C. wuellerstorfi Core Long. Lat. WD SampleDepth BWT pH D[CO32-] [B]tot B(OH)4-/HCO3- B/Ca 1 std dev °E °N m cm oC TotalScale umol/kg umol/kg mol/mol umol/mol B/Ca HM94-16 -5.40 73.20 2356 0-1 -0.87 8.0 28.8 415 0.0204 208 5.1 INMD-56 Bx-4 -34.75 32.45 3841 0-1 2.63 7.9 17.1 415 0.0202 208 4.5 INMD-73 Bx-4 -17.35 34.97 4041 0-1 2.43 7.9 10.8 415 0.0201 194 4.5 ODP Leg 208 1262* -1.58 -27.19 4755 top 1.60 7.8 -22.8 413 0.0196 140 4.3 ODP Leg 208 1265 -2.64 -28.80 3060 top 2.34 7.9 27.7 414 0.0201 212 4.3 KNR 110 2-57 91 GGC-3 -42.73 5.03 4550 3-5 1.50 7.9 -10.5 414 0.0197 193 3.2 KNR 110 2-58 STN 40-2 -43.23 4.48 4300 3-5 2.00 7.9 3.0 414 0.0201 193 8.6 * samples excluded from final analysis; glacial oxygen isotope value (listed in Supp. Table S1) 4. Supp. Table S4. B/Ca values measured in co-occurring Eocene N. truempyi, O. umbonatus, and N. umbonifera Core Location Ma N. truempyi O. umbonatus N. umbonifera B/Ca(umol/mol) B/Ca(umol/mol) B/Ca (umol/mol) 1262 A 8H CC Walvis Ridge 34.2 101 33 85 689B 17H 5 40-42 Maud Rise 41 120 42 125 689B 18H 1 39-41 Maud Rise 42.827 118 58 130 689B 19H 2 39-43 Maud Rise 44.988 113 30 113 689 19H 2 39-43 Maud Rise 44.988 107 30* 114 690B 11H 43-45 Maud Rise 36.588 114 35 112 690B 11H 7 43-45 Maud Rise 36.588 114* 34 109 690B 12H 1 44-46 Maud Rise 42.469 120 35 119 690B 12H 1 44-46 Maud Rise 42.469 118 34 139* * = [Ca] too low; sample rejected. 5. Supp. Table S5. (A) PCA for Holocene N. umbonifera B/Ca data set. PC = Principal Component. PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 water depth 0.31 0.89 -0.14 0.05 0.3 BWT -0.46 0.09 -0.86 -0.04 -0.2 pH -0.48 0.19 0.26 0.81 -0.09 D[CO32-] -0.49 -0.08 0.08 -0.21 0.83 [B(OH)4-]/[HCO3-] -0.46 0.39 0.4 -0.55 -0.41 Importance of components standard deviation 2 0.88 0.47 0.11 0.07 Proportion of variance 0.80 0.16 0.04 0.002 0.00 cumulative proportion 0.80 0.96 0.99 0.99 1.00 (B) PCA for Holocene N. umbonifera data set. Water depth excluded. PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 BWT 0.48 0.78 0.39 -0.004 pH 0.52 -0.28 -0.07 0.81 D[CO32-] 0.51 0.08 -0.78 -0.36 [B(OH)4-]/[HCO3-] 0.5 -0.55 0.49 -0.46 Importance of components standard deviation 1.92 0.4847 0.276 0.1071 Proportion of variance 0.93 0.0587 0.019 0.0029 cumulative proportion 0.93 0.9781 0.997 1.00 (C) Varimax rotation of N. umbonifera PCA. RC = Rotated Component. RC1 RC2 RC3 RC4 [B(OH)4-]/[HCO3-] 0.87 0.4 -0.03 -0.03 BWT 0.41 0.86 0.29 0.02 pH 0.76 0.48 0.43 0.12 D[CO32-] 0.57 0.55 0.61 0 Importance of components standard deviation 1.82 1.44 0.72 0.01 Proportion of variance 0.46 0.36 0.18 0 cumulative proportion 0.46 0.82 1 1.00