# Butaritari Atoll, Kiribati Geochemical Data From 1959-2010 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17289 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_authot/carilli2014/carilli2014-but3.txt # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2014-10-10 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Butaritari Atoll, Kiribati Geochemical Data From 1959-2010 #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Carilli, Jessica E.; McGregor, Helen V.; Gaudry, Jessica J.; Donner, Simon D.; Gagan, Michael K.; Stevenson, Samantha; Wong, Henri; Fink, David #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Errors: d18O Porites sp. = 0.13 per mil; Sr/Ca Porites sp. = 0.045 mmol/mol; seawater delta 18O Porites sp. = 0.175 per mil #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Carilli, J.E., H.V. McGregor, J.J. Gaudry, S.D. Donner, M.K. Gagan, S. Stevenson, H. Wong, and D. Fink # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014 # Published_Title: Equatorial Pacific coral geochemical records show recent weakening of the Walker Circulation # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2014PA002683 # Abstract: Equatorial Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions affect climate globally, and a key component of the coupled system is the Walker Circulation, which is driven by sea surface temperature (SST) gradients across the equatorial Pacific. There is conflicting evidence as to whether the SST gradient and Walker Circulation have strengthened or weakened over the late 20th century. We present new records of SST and sea surface salinity (SSS) spanning 1959-2010 based on paired measurements of Sr/Ca and d18O in a massive Porites coral from Butaritari atoll in the Gilbert Islands, Republic of Kiribati, in the central-western equatorial Pacific. The records show 2-7 year variability correlated with the El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and corresponding shifts in the extent of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool, and decadal-scale signals related to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In addition, the Butaritari coral records reveal a small but significant increase in SST (0.39°C) from 1959 to 2010 with no accompanying change in SSS, a trend that persists even when ENSO variability is removed. In contrast, larger increases in SST and SSS are evident in coral records from the equatorial Pacific Line Islands, located east of Butaritari. Taken together, the equatorial Pacific coral records suggest an overall reduction in the east-west SST and SSS gradient over the last several decades, and a recent weakening of the Walker Circulation. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cahyarini, S.Y., Pfeiffer, M., Timm, O., Dullo, W.C., Schonerg, D.G. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008 # Published_Title: Reconstructing seawater d18O from paired coral d18O and Sr/Ca ratios: Methods, error analysis and problems, with examples from Tahiti (French Polynesia) and Timor (Indonesia). # Journal_Name: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta # Volume: 72 # Issue: # Pages: 2841-2853 # Report Number: # DOI: # Abstract: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Gagan, M.K., G.B. Dunbar, and A. Suzuki # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012 # Published_Title: The effect of skeletal mass accumulation in Porites on coral Sr/Ca and d18O paleothermometry # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 27 # Issue: # Pages: PA1203 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1029/2011PA002215 # Abstract: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Smith, T.M., R.W. Reynolds, T.C. Peterson, and J. Lawrimore # Published_Date_or_Year: 2008 # Published_Title: Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880-2006) # Journal_Name: Journal of Climate # Volume: 21 # Issue: # Pages: 2283-2296 # Report Number: # DOI: # Abstract: #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Stevenson, S., H.V. McGregor, S.J. Phipps, and B. Fox-Kemper # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Published_Title: Quantifying errors in coral-based ENSO estimates: Toward improved forward modeling of d18O # Journal_Name: Paleoceanography # Volume: 28 # Issue: # Pages: 633-649 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1002/palo.20059 # Abstract: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Postdoctoral Fellowship # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Australian Research Council Discovery Project # Grant: DP1092945 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: AINSE Fellowship Grant # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Butaritari Atoll # Location: Central Pacific Ocean # Country: Kiribati # Northernmost_Latitude: 3.073056 # Southernmost_Latitude: 3.073056 # Easternmost_Longitude: 172.746944 # Westernmost_Longitude: 172.746944 # Elevation: -5 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: BUT3-2 Geochemistry Ca14 # First_Year: 1959 # Last_Year: 2010 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## age_AD Age,,,years AD,,,,,N ## d18Oporite delta 18O,Porites sp.,,per mil VPDB,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,analytical technique: isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N ## Sr/Ca-por Sr/Ca,Porites sp.,,mmol/mol,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,analytical technique: ICP-OES,N ## SrCa-SST-por sea surface temperature,Porites sp. Sr/Ca ,,degrees Celsius,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,analytical technique: ICP-OES,N ## Dd18O-sw delta 18O seawater,Porites sp.,,per mil VPDB,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: -999 age_AD d18Oporite Sr/Ca-por SrCa-SST-por Dd18O-sw 1959.374 -4.90 8.940 28.92 0.25 1959.54 -4.95 8.934 28.98 0.21 1959.706 -4.96 8.893 29.47 0.30 1959.872 -4.93 8.923 29.12 0.26 1960.042 -4.94 8.923 29.11 0.25 1960.208 -4.80 8.961 28.66 0.29 1960.374 -5.07 8.906 29.32 0.17 1960.54 -5.22 8.897 29.43 0.04 1960.706 -5.32 8.856 29.91 0.05 1960.872 -5.21 8.878 29.65 0.10 1961.042 -5.08 8.897 29.42 0.18 1961.208 -4.73 8.975 28.49 0.33 1961.374 -4.91 8.943 28.88 0.23 1961.54 -5.10 8.927 29.07 0.08 1961.706 -4.84 8.917 29.19 0.37 1961.872 -4.98 8.946 28.84 0.15 1962.042 -4.78 8.958 28.69 0.32 1962.208 -4.91 8.969 28.57 0.16 1962.374 -5.12 8.927 29.07 0.06 1962.54 -5.28 8.911 29.26 -0.06 1962.706 -5.26 8.868 29.77 0.07 1962.872 -5.12 8.872 29.73 0.20 1963.042 -4.85 8.899 29.40 0.40 1963.208 -5.09 8.931 29.02 0.08 1963.374 -5.11 8.902 29.37 0.13 1963.54 -5.09 8.873 29.71 0.23 1963.706 -5.25 8.861 29.86 0.10 1963.872 -5.04 8.923 29.12 0.15 1964.042 -4.79 8.955 28.74 0.31 1964.208 -5.04 8.954 28.75 0.07 1964.374 -4.98 8.925 29.10 0.21 1964.54 -4.87 8.945 28.86 0.26 1964.706 -4.85 8.966 28.61 0.23 1964.872 -4.80 9.000 28.20 0.19 1965.042 -4.73 9.055 27.54 0.12 1965.208 -4.77 9.017 28.00 0.18 1965.374 -4.79 9.008 28.10 0.17 1965.54 -4.80 8.992 28.29 0.21 1965.706 -4.81 9.020 27.96 0.12 1965.872 -4.83 9.022 27.94 0.10 1966.042 -4.85 9.041 27.71 0.03 1966.208 -4.96 8.989 28.33 0.06 1966.374 -5.01 8.928 29.06 0.16 1966.54 -5.01 8.965 28.61 0.07 1966.706 -4.96 8.926 29.08 0.22 1966.872 -4.93 8.917 29.18 0.28 1967.042 -4.90 9.114 26.84 -0.21 1967.208 -4.88 9.105 26.95 -0.17 1967.374 -4.87 9.019 27.98 0.07 1967.54 -4.95 8.944 28.87 0.19 1967.706 -4.84 8.948 28.82 0.28 1967.872 -4.91 8.992 28.29 0.10 1968.042 -4.97 8.994 28.28 0.04 1968.208 -5.02 9.013 28.05 -0.06 1968.374 -5.05 9.007 28.12 -0.08 1968.54 -5.09 8.996 28.25 -0.09 1968.706 -5.12 8.986 28.37 -0.10 1968.872 -5.22 8.930 29.03 -0.04 1969.042 -5.35 8.927 29.07 -0.18 1969.208 -5.31 8.941 28.90 -0.17 1969.374 -5.30 8.957 28.72 -0.20 1969.54 -5.24 8.964 28.63 -0.15 1969.706 -5.14 8.963 28.63 -0.05 1969.872 -5.18 8.998 28.23 -0.18 1970.042 -5.11 9.004 28.15 -0.13 1970.208 -5.10 9.001 28.19 -0.11 1970.374 -5.16 8.961 28.66 -0.07 1970.54 -5.38 8.976 28.48 -0.33 1970.706 -5.40 8.964 28.63 -0.32 1970.872 -5.21 8.985 28.38 -0.18 1971.042 -5.29 9.014 28.03 -0.34 1971.208 -5.27 8.958 28.70 -0.17 1971.374 -5.26 8.938 28.94 -0.11 1971.54 -5.31 8.927 29.07 -0.13 1971.706 -5.36 8.916 29.20 -0.16 1971.872 -5.32 8.966 28.60 -0.25 1972.042 -5.64 8.939 28.92 -0.49 1972.208 -5.43 8.842 30.08 -0.03 1972.374 -5.37 8.917 29.19 -0.16 1972.54 -5.41 8.936 28.96 -0.26 1972.706 -5.27 8.963 28.64 -0.18 1972.872 -5.26 8.933 29.00 -0.09 1973.042 -5.08 9.004 28.16 -0.10 1973.208 -5.12 9.016 28.01 -0.17 1973.374 -5.14 9.006 28.13 -0.17 1973.54 -5.19 8.954 28.75 -0.08 1973.706 -5.22 8.986 28.36 -0.20 1973.872 -5.34 8.967 28.60 -0.26 1974.042 -5.32 9.022 27.94 -0.39 1974.208 -5.33 8.987 28.35 -0.31 1974.374 -5.32 8.961 28.66 -0.23 1974.54 -5.30 8.915 29.21 -0.09 1974.706 -5.19 8.981 28.42 -0.15 1974.872 -5.21 8.966 28.60 -0.13 1975.042 -5.27 8.988 28.34 -0.25 1975.208 -5.17 8.972 28.53 -0.10 1975.374 -5.06 9.038 27.74 -0.17 1975.54 -5.16 8.987 28.35 -0.14 1975.706 -5.13 9.019 27.97 -0.20 1975.872 -5.12 9.026 27.89 -0.20 1976.042 -5.02 9.028 27.87 -0.10 1976.208 -4.98 9.068 27.39 -0.17 1976.374 -5.15 8.975 28.49 -0.10 1976.54 -5.46 8.891 29.50 -0.18 1976.706 -6.00 8.848 30.01 -0.61 1976.872 -5.61 8.861 29.85 -0.26 1977.042 -5.47 8.875 29.69 -0.15 1977.208 -5.34 8.896 29.44 -0.08 1977.374 -5.26 8.904 29.35 -0.02 1977.54 -5.43 8.878 29.66 -0.13 1977.706 -5.76 8.797 30.61 -0.24 1977.872 -5.49 8.889 29.52 -0.21 1978.042 -5.60 8.834 30.18 -0.18 1978.208 -5.34 8.916 29.20 -0.14 1978.374 -5.34 8.884 29.58 -0.05 1978.54 -5.44 8.860 29.86 -0.08 1978.706 -5.53 8.837 30.14 -0.11 1978.872 -5.47 8.845 30.05 -0.07 1979.042 -5.55 8.845 30.05 -0.15 1979.208 -5.27 8.917 29.19 -0.07 1979.374 -5.38 8.905 29.33 -0.14 1979.54 -5.44 8.830 30.22 0.00 1979.706 -5.47 8.875 29.68 -0.15 1979.872 -5.39 8.866 29.80 -0.05 1980.042 -5.19 8.879 29.64 0.11 1980.208 -5.28 8.891 29.50 -0.01 1980.374 -5.63 8.872 29.72 -0.30 1980.54 -5.49 8.855 29.92 -0.12 1980.706 -5.59 8.850 29.98 -0.21 1980.872 -5.50 8.807 30.49 -0.01 1981.042 -5.38 8.868 29.77 -0.04 1981.208 -5.25 8.840 30.11 0.15 1981.374 -5.45 8.841 30.10 -0.04 1981.54 -5.44 8.840 30.10 -0.04 1981.706 -5.35 8.823 30.30 0.10 1981.872 -5.24 8.880 29.63 0.07 1982.042 -5.32 8.950 28.79 -0.21 1982.208 -5.28 8.932 29.01 -0.12 1982.374 -5.22 8.893 29.48 0.05 1982.54 -5.14 8.884 29.59 0.16 1982.706 -5.04 8.890 29.51 0.24 1982.872 -5.03 8.896 29.44 0.24 1983.042 -5.14 8.901 29.38 0.11 1983.208 -5.22 8.890 29.50 0.06 1983.374 -5.22 8.857 29.90 0.14 1983.54 -5.14 8.856 29.91 0.22 1983.706 -5.19 8.842 30.08 0.21 1983.872 -5.01 8.884 29.58 0.28 1984.042 -4.87 8.924 29.10 0.32 1984.208 -4.91 8.934 28.98 0.25 1984.374 -4.91 8.927 29.07 0.27 1984.54 -5.02 8.904 29.34 0.22 1984.706 -5.09 8.883 29.59 0.21 1984.872 -5.00 8.862 29.85 0.35 1985.042 -4.92 8.908 29.30 0.31 1985.208 -4.83 8.954 28.74 0.28 1985.374 -5.01 8.933 28.99 0.15 1985.54 -4.94 8.874 29.70 0.37 1985.706 -5.16 8.901 29.37 0.08 1985.872 -5.04 8.948 28.82 0.09 1986.042 -4.97 8.992 28.29 0.04 1986.208 -5.08 8.970 28.56 -0.01 1986.374 -5.18 8.922 29.13 0.02 1986.54 -5.27 8.873 29.71 0.05 1986.706 -5.30 8.851 29.98 0.08 1986.872 -5.25 8.882 29.60 0.05 1987.042 -5.24 8.901 29.38 0.01 1987.208 -5.31 8.897 29.43 -0.05 1987.374 -5.27 8.868 29.77 0.07 1987.54 -5.21 8.837 30.14 0.21 1987.706 -5.14 8.844 30.05 0.26 1987.872 -5.22 8.868 29.77 0.12 1988.042 -5.02 8.900 29.39 0.23 1988.208 -5.06 8.937 28.95 0.10 1988.374 -5.13 8.975 28.50 -0.08 1988.54 -5.12 8.922 29.13 0.07 1988.706 -5.10 8.944 28.86 0.03 1988.872 -5.09 8.968 28.58 -0.02 1989.042 -5.13 8.970 28.56 -0.06 1989.208 -5.43 8.899 29.41 -0.17 1989.374 -5.33 8.901 29.38 -0.08 1989.54 -5.41 8.900 29.39 -0.16 1989.706 -5.59 8.876 29.67 -0.27 1989.872 -5.05 8.943 28.87 0.09 1990.042 -5.32 8.896 29.44 -0.05 1990.208 -5.27 8.938 28.94 -0.12 1990.374 -5.30 8.860 29.87 0.06 1990.54 -5.42 8.838 30.12 -0.01 1990.706 -5.61 8.833 30.19 -0.19 1990.872 -5.70 8.787 30.73 -0.15 1991.042 -5.67 8.849 29.99 -0.28 1991.208 -5.34 8.907 29.31 -0.11 1991.374 -5.47 8.850 29.99 -0.09 1991.54 -5.48 8.834 30.17 -0.06 1991.706 -5.45 8.832 30.20 -0.02 1991.872 -5.46 8.853 29.94 -0.08 1992.042 -5.23 8.900 29.39 0.02 1992.208 -5.51 8.889 29.52 -0.23 1992.374 -5.64 8.865 29.81 -0.30 1992.54 -5.68 8.838 30.13 -0.27 1992.706 -5.54 8.842 30.08 -0.14 1992.872 -5.45 8.849 30.00 -0.06 1993.042 -5.39 8.858 29.89 -0.03 1993.208 -5.32 8.880 29.63 -0.02 1993.374 -5.30 8.890 29.51 -0.02 1993.54 -5.32 8.885 29.56 -0.03 1993.706 -5.35 8.881 29.62 -0.05 1993.872 -5.41 8.899 29.40 -0.16 1994.042 -5.48 8.922 29.13 -0.29 1994.208 -5.54 8.936 28.96 -0.39 1994.374 -5.57 8.906 29.32 -0.33 1994.54 -5.58 8.843 30.06 -0.18 1994.706 -5.50 8.819 30.36 -0.04 1994.872 -5.35 8.847 30.02 0.04 1995.042 -5.35 8.899 29.40 -0.10 1995.208 -5.29 8.887 29.55 -0.01 1995.374 -5.28 8.894 29.46 -0.01 1995.54 -5.30 8.907 29.31 -0.06 1995.706 -5.30 8.902 29.36 -0.06 1995.872 -5.21 8.886 29.55 0.07 1996.042 -5.13 8.961 28.67 -0.04 1996.208 -4.99 9.019 27.97 -0.05 1996.374 -5.00 8.989 28.34 0.02 1996.54 -5.27 8.889 29.52 0.01 1996.706 -5.16 8.919 29.17 0.04 1996.872 -4.98 8.979 28.44 0.06 1997.042 -4.88 9.017 28.00 0.07 1997.208 -4.91 8.956 28.72 0.19 1997.374 -5.20 8.901 29.37 0.04 1997.54 -5.31 8.842 30.08 0.09 1997.706 -5.26 8.901 29.37 -0.02 1997.872 -5.19 8.945 28.85 -0.06 1998.042 -4.85 9.049 27.62 0.01 1998.208 -4.99 9.044 27.68 -0.12 1998.374 -5.20 9.022 27.94 -0.27 1998.54 -5.17 9.018 27.98 -0.23 1998.706 -4.95 9.030 27.84 -0.04 1998.872 -4.78 9.040 27.72 0.10 1999.042 -4.85 9.044 27.68 0.02 1999.208 -4.92 9.047 27.64 -0.05 1999.374 -4.97 8.991 28.30 0.05 1999.54 -4.99 8.955 28.74 0.12 1999.706 -4.96 8.975 28.49 0.10 1999.872 -4.90 9.002 28.18 0.08 2000.042 -4.83 9.034 27.80 0.07 2000.208 -4.84 9.037 27.76 0.05 2000.374 -4.97 8.982 28.41 0.06 2000.54 -5.12 8.888 29.53 0.16 2000.706 -5.09 8.904 29.34 0.15 2000.872 -4.97 8.982 28.42 0.07 2001.042 -4.87 9.026 27.89 0.05 2001.208 -4.79 9.054 27.56 0.06 2001.374 -4.80 9.016 28.01 0.15 2001.54 -4.95 8.967 28.59 0.12 2001.706 -5.01 8.964 28.63 0.07 2001.872 -4.96 8.982 28.41 0.08 2002.042 -5.37 8.881 29.62 -0.07 2002.208 -5.35 8.890 29.51 -0.07 2002.374 -5.48 8.842 30.08 -0.08 2002.54 -5.46 8.823 30.31 -0.01 2002.706 -5.41 8.826 30.28 0.04 2002.872 -5.35 8.843 30.06 0.05 2003.042 -5.26 8.853 29.94 0.11 2003.208 -5.31 8.914 29.23 -0.10 2003.374 -5.34 8.932 29.00 -0.17 2003.54 -5.32 8.905 29.33 -0.08 2003.706 -5.30 8.877 29.67 0.01 2003.872 -5.27 8.875 29.69 0.04 2004.042 -5.24 8.880 29.63 0.06 2004.208 -5.21 8.883 29.59 0.08 2004.374 -5.31 8.866 29.80 0.03 2004.54 -5.41 8.848 30.00 -0.02 2004.706 -5.48 8.831 30.21 -0.05 2004.872 -5.47 8.816 30.39 0.00 2005.042 -5.46 8.800 30.58 0.06 2005.208 -5.46 8.799 30.59 0.06 2005.374 -5.48 8.818 30.37 -0.01 2005.54 -5.49 8.837 30.14 -0.08 2005.706 -5.43 8.865 29.81 -0.09 2005.872 -5.32 8.899 29.40 -0.06 2006.042 -5.20 8.934 28.99 -0.04 2006.208 -5.20 8.929 29.05 -0.03 2006.374 -5.23 8.913 29.23 -0.01 2006.54 -5.23 8.887 29.54 0.05 2006.706 -5.31 8.883 29.59 -0.02 2006.872 -5.48 8.901 29.38 -0.23 2007.042 -5.36 8.916 29.20 -0.16 2007.208 -5.21 8.928 29.05 -0.03 2007.374 -5.04 8.935 28.97 0.12 2007.54 -5.30 8.882 29.61 0.00 2007.706 -5.26 8.872 29.72 0.06 2007.872 -5.10 8.877 29.66 0.21 2008.042 -5.02 8.941 28.90 0.12 2008.208 -5.03 8.958 28.70 0.07 2008.374 -5.06 8.947 28.83 0.06 2008.54 -5.11 8.927 29.07 0.07 2008.706 -5.16 8.903 29.35 0.08 2008.872 -5.12 8.900 29.39 0.13 2009.042 -5.04 8.909 29.29 0.19 2009.208 -5.05 8.898 29.41 0.20 2009.374 -5.14 8.875 29.69 0.17 2009.54 -5.17 8.870 29.75 0.16 2009.706 -5.08 8.893 29.48 0.19 2009.872 -5.01 8.919 29.17 0.19 2010.042 -5.00 8.960 28.68 0.09 2010.208 -4.99 8.995 28.26 0.01 2010.374 -5.10 8.974 28.51 -0.05