Sugan Lake, NW China 1000 Year Chironomid Salinity Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Sugan Lake, NW China 1000 Year Chironomid Salinity Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 3/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Chen, J.H., F.H. Chen, E.L. Zhang, S.J. Brooks, A.F. Zhou and J.W. Zhang IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-024 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Chen, J.H., et al. 2012. Sugan Lake, NW China 1000 Year Chironomid Salinity Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-024. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Chen, J.H., F.H. Chen, E.L. Zhang, S.J. Brooks, A.F. Zhou, and J.W. Zhang. 2009. A 1000-year chironomid-based salinity reconstruction from varved sediments of Sugan Lake, Qaidam Basin, arid Northwest China, and its palaeoclimatic significance. Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol.54, No. 20, pp. 3749-3759. doi: 10.1007/s11434-009-0201-8 ABSTRACT: A 1000-year high-resolution (~10 years) chironomid record from varved sediments of Sugan Lake, Qaidam Basin on the northern Tibetan Plateau, is presented. The chironomid assemblages are mainly composed of the relatively high-saline-water taxa Psectrocladius barbimanus-type and Orthocladius/ Cricotopus, and the relatively low-saline-water taxa Procladius and Psectrocladius sordidellus-type. Variations in the chironomid fauna and inferred salinities suggest that over the last millennium, the Sugan Lake catchment has alternated between contrasting climatic conditions, having a dry climate during the period 990-1550 AD, a relatively humid climate during the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1550-1840 AD), and a dry climate again from 1840 AD onwards. At the decadal to centennial scale, a wet event around 1200-1230 AD, interrupting the generally arid period (990-1550 AD), and a dry event around 1590-1700 AD, punctuating the generally humid period (1550-1840 AD), are clearly documented. Trends in the chironomid-based salinity time series indicate a highly unstable climate during the LIA when salinity fluctuations were of greater magnitude and higher frequency. The effective moisture evolution in the Sugan Lake catchment during the last millennium reconstructed by chironomid analysis is in broad agreement with previous palaeo-moisture data derived from other sites in arid Northwest China (ANC). The LIA, characterized by generally humid conditions over the westerly-dominated ANC was distinctly different from that in monsoonal China, implying an "out-of-phase" relationship between moisture evolution in these two regions during the past 1000 years. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Zhang, E., R. Jones, A. Bedford, et al. 2007. A chironomid-based salinity inference model from lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. J Paleolimnol, 38: 477-491. A.F. Zhou, F.H. Chen, M.R. Qiang, M.L. Yang and J.W. Zhang. 2007. The discovery of annually laminated sediments (varves) from shallow Sugan Lake in inland arid Asia and their paleoclimatic significance. Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 50(8): 1218-1224. doi: 10.1007/s11430-007-0081-1 A.F. Zhou, F.H. Chen, Z.L. Wang, M.L. Yang, M.R. Qiang and J.W. Zhang. 2009. Temporal change of radiocarbon reservoir effect in Sugan Lake, Northwest China during the Late Holocene. Radiocarbon. 51(2): 529-535. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Tibetan Plateau PERIOD OF RECORD: 990 - 2002 AD FUNDING SOURCES: National Natural Science Foundation of China (40721061), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20060730003) DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/chen2009/chen2009.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/chen2009/chen2009.xls DESCRIPTION: Chironomid-inferred water salinity data from Sugan Lake, Qaidam Basin, NW China, for the last millennium. Salinity was estimated using a chironomid-salinity transfer function for Tibetan Plateau lakes developed by Zhang et al (2007). The salinity record was standardized to have a zero mean and unit standard deviation. Chronology was established by varve counting (Zhou et al., 2007, 2009). Sugan Lake core SG03I: 38°52'N, 93°53'E, 2792.5m elev., 6m water depth DATA: 1. The varve chronology was established in Zhou et al. (2007, 2009). Depth(cm) Varve year(AD/BC) 0.47794 2002 0.95588 2000 1.43382 1998 2.3897 1995 3.34558 1992 4.30146 1986 5.25734 1981 6.21322 1978 7.1691 1975 8.12498 1972 9.08086 1967 10.03674 1962 10.99262 1957 11.9485 1952 12.90438 1946 15.77202 1930 16.7279 1925 17.68378 1919 18.63966 1914 19.59554 1907 20.55142 1897 21.5073 1889 22.46318 1882 23.41906 1874 24.37494 1866 25.33082 1860 26.2867 1851 27.24258 1843 28.19846 1831 29.15434 1825 30.11022 1819 31.0661 1813 32.02198 1804 32.97786 1796 33.93374 1789 34.88962 1782 35.8455 1775 36.80138 1770 37.75726 1763 38.71314 1758 39.66902 1754 40.6249 1751 41.58078 1748 42.53666 1745 43.49254 1743 44.44842 1741 45.4043 1739 47.31606 1734 47.794 1733 48.74988 1731 50.66164 1726 51.61752 1724 52.5734 1721 53.52928 1719 54.48516 1717 55.44104 1714 56.39692 1712 57.3528 1709 58.30868 1707 59.26456 1705 60.22044 1703 61.17632 1700 62.1322 1698 63.08808 1695 64.04396 1693 64.99984 1691 65.95572 1688 66.9116 1686 67.86748 1684 68.82336 1682 69.77924 1679 70.73512 1677 71.691 1674 72.64688 1672 73.60276 1670 74.55864 1668 75.51452 1665 76.4704 1663 77.42628 1661 78.38216 1658 79.33804 1656 80.29392 1654 81.2498 1651 82.20568 1649 83.16156 1647 84.11744 1644 85.07332 1642 86.0292 1639 86.98508 1637 87.94096 1635 88.89684 1633 89.85272 1630 90.8086 1628 91.76448 1626 92.72036 1623 93.67624 1621 94.63212 1619 95.588 1618 96.54388 1618 97.49976 1617 98.45564 1616 99.41152 1615 100.3674 1612 101.32328 1607 102.27916 1602 103.23504 1599 104.19092 1597 105.1468 1595 106.10268 1593 107.05856 1592 108.01444 1591 108.97032 1590 109.9262 1589 110.88208 1588 111.83796 1587 112.79384 1586 113.74972 1585 114.7056 1584 115.66148 1582 116.61736 1580 117.57324 1579 118.52912 1578 119.485 1577 120.44088 1576 121.39676 1575 122.35264 1574 123.30852 1573 124.2644 1571 125.22028 1569 126.17616 1567 127.13204 1565 128.08792 1562 129.0438 1560 129.99968 1558 130.94068 1555 131.88136 1553 134.70339 1543 135.64407 1538 136.58475 1535 137.52542 1531 138.4661 1526 139.40678 1521 140.34746 1516 141.28814 1509 142.22881 1505 143.16949 1499 144.11017 1495 145.05085 1487 145.99153 1480 146.9322 1475 147.87288 1468 148.81356 1461 149.75424 1455 150.69492 1451 151.63559 1446 152.57627 1442 153.51695 1438 154.45763 1433 155.39831 1429 156.33898 1424 157.27966 1415 158.22034 1408 159.16102 1400 161.04237 1388 161.98305 1385 162.92373 1384 163.86441 1383 164.80509 1382 165.74576 1381 166.68644 1380 167.62712 1380 168.5678 1379 169.50848 1377 170.44915 1376 171.38983 1374 172.33051 1370 173.27119 1366 174.21187 1361 175.15254 1358 176.09322 1354 177.0339 1350 177.97458 1348 178.91526 1344 179.85593 1339 180.79661 1334 181.73729 1331 182.67797 1328 183.61865 1327 184.55932 1323 185.5 1321 186.44068 1319 187.38136 1316 188.32204 1313 189.26271 1310 190.20339 1308 191.14407 1306 192.08475 1303 193.02543 1301 193.9661 1299 194.90678 1298 195.84746 1296 196.78814 1294 201.49153 1284 202.43221 1280 203.37288 1280 204.31356 1278 205.25424 1275 206.19492 1273 207.1356 1271 208.07627 1269 209.01695 1268 209.95763 1267 210.89831 1265 211.83899 1263 212.77966 1262 213.72034 1261 214.66102 1260 215.6017 1259 216.54238 1258 217.48305 1258 218.42373 1257 219.36441 1255 220.30509 1254 221.24577 1253 222.18644 1251 223.12712 1249 224.0678 1247 225.00848 1244 225.94916 1241 226.88983 1238 227.83051 1235 228.77119 1231 229.71187 1228 230.65255 1225 231.59322 1222 232.5339 1219 233.47458 1216 234.41526 1214 235.35594 1212 236.29661 1210 237.23729 1209 238.17797 1207 239.11865 1207 240.05933 1205 241 1204 241.97826 1199 242.95652 1189 243.93478 1179 244.91304 1169 245.8913 1161 246.86957 1151 247.84783 1142 248.82609 1136 249.80435 1128 250.78261 1120 251.76087 1112 252.73913 1104 253.71739 1096 254.69565 1089 255.67391 1082 256.65218 1076 257.63044 1069 258.6087 1062 259.58696 1055 260.56522 1047 261.54348 1040 262.52174 1034 263.5 1027 264.47826 1021 265.45653 1015 266.43479 1009 267.41305 999 268.39131 990 2. Standardized salinity data from SG03I core. Age Standardized Salinity Year(AD) (sigma unit) 2002 1.7291 1994 0.3105 1979 -0.4931 1969 0.881 1962 -0.2835 1949 0.2262 1944 -0.076 1936 0.7179 1933 0.4019 1922 0.7575 1901 0.5726 1893 0.5513 1885 0.7184 1870 0.4348 1862 1.156 1851 1.371 1843 0.3968 1831 -1.3073 1823 -0.0926 1813 -2.4412 1810 0.1881 1800 0.4239 1791 -0.3047 1782 -1.8405 1772 -0.194 1766 -0.4101 1756 -2.0564 1749 -1.9907 1744 -2.3161 1739 -0.2662 1731 -0.5769 1721 -1.413 1712 -0.4461 1703 -1.3113 1695 -0.3119 1684 -1.3675 1677 0.4511 1672 0.045 1665 -1.0541 1658 0.3712 1651 0.8794 1647 -1.087 1635 -1.8189 1623 0.0438 1618 0.1727 1607 -1.1812 1595 -0.1987 1591 0.0733 1579 -2.0769 1573 -1.0178 1565 -2.8931 1551 -0.8056 1543 0.8955 1531 -0.0528 1521 0.6481 1516 0.7302 1499 -1.6188 1495 0.8301 1480 1.4266 1461 0.9214 1451 1.0434 1438 0.3156 1424 0.973 1400 0.5628 1384 0.6318 1376 0.5087 1361 0.4515 1348 1.1283 1331 0.0262 1327 1.702 1310 -0.5022 1299 0.3069 1296 0.933 1280 0.7242 1271 0.025 1263 0.7482 1251 0.2823 1238 0.3666 1225 -1.2973 1219 -1.5378 1214 -1.2151 1207 0.68 1199 0.7666 1179 0.8608 1169 0.5209 1142 0.6318 1128 0.7401 1120 0.1264 1096 1.1531 1082 0.2535 1069 0.6318 1055 0.6318 1034 0.4486 1015 0.6318 990 0.7242