ARCTIC OSTRACODE DATABASE: Readme file ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center A for Paleoclimatology ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE PRIMARY REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! CONTRIBUTORS: T.M. Cronin, T. R. Holtz, Jr., E.M. Brouwers, W.M. Briggs, Jr., R.C. Whatley, A.Wood IGBP PAGES/WDCA Data Contribution Series #: 95-023 NAME OF DATA SET: ARCTIC OSTRACODE DATABASE LAST UPDATE: 8/95 (Original receipt date by NOAA Paleo) GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Arctic Ocean Basin PERIOD OF RECORD: late Quaternary LIST OF FILES: ostarcnam.txt, ostarcmod.txt, ostarcfos.txt, ostarcmuc.txt, readme. DESCRIPTION: ARCTIC OSTRACODE DATABASE: AN INTRODUCTION T.M. Cronin, T. R. Holtz, Jr., E.M. Brouwers, W.M. Briggs, Jr., R.C. Whatley, A.Wood Introduction The Arctic Ostracode Database provides species census data for about 100 species of benthic marine Ostracoda from modern surface and late Quaternary sediments from various parts of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. This readme file describes the sources of the ostracode data provided in the four accompanying data files. Ostracodes are a microfossil group of bivalved Crustacea that secrete a calcareous shell commonly preserved in sediments in the Arctic region. Because many ostracode species have ecological limits controlled by temperature, salinity, oxygen, food and other factors, they can provide an important tool for paleoceanographic reconstruction in the Arctic. Some recent applications of ostracodes to understanding Arctic Ocean history include Briggs (1983), Reimnitz et al. (1983, 1992), McDougall et al. (1986), Clark et al. (1990), Pak et al. (1992), Brouwers et al. (1991), Cronin et al. (1993, 1994, 1995), Penney (1993a,b), Nurnberg et al. (1994), and Briggs and Mudie (in prep.). Ostracode Data Files ostarcnam.txt file This file lists the names of 103 taxon categories used in the other three files containing the species census counts. Most of the 103 categories represent individual ostracode species; a few (i.e., Polycope) are genus-level categories, used because the taxonomy of a particular genus is not well understood. Category 100 represents "other", unidentified species. Category 101 includes ice-rafted ostracodes (IRO) representing shallow water species believed to be transported into deeper water sediments by Arctic Ocean sea-ice. Category 103 in ostarcfos file represents taxa from the Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-one species have the designation "SCD", which stands for Squared Chord Distance. These are those species used in the Modern Analog Technique quantitative analyses described in Cronin et al. (1995). The contributors to the Arctic Ostracode Database generally agree on the taxonomic identification of most Arctic ostracodes, although additional work is required in some groups such as Cytheropteron. Readers are referred to the following sources and the references therein for formal taxonomic treatment of Arctic taxa: Sars (1866, 1922-28), Elofson (1941), Neale and Howe (1975), Joy and Clark (1977), Cronin (1981; 1988), Whatley (1982), Penney (1989), Hartmann (1992), Whatley and Coles (1987), and Whatley and Eynon (1995). ostarcmod.txt This file contains species census data from 403 modern ostracode assemblages obtained from coretops, grab and surface sediment samples. Taxon numbers 1-101 in the column headings are keyed to the ostarcnam.txt file (taxon numbers 102 and 103 are not recognized in coretop samples and are only used in the ostarcfos.txt and ostarcmuc.txt files). The published sources of species occurrence data and the repositories of the faunal slides are as follows. Cronin et al. (1991) compiled a Modern Arctic Ostracode Database (MAOD) that included mostly shallow water samples from four repository laboratories: Aberystwyth (Institute of Earth Studies, University College Wales, R.C. Whatley and A. Wood), Boulder, Colorado (INSTAAR, University of Colorado, W.M. Briggs, Jr.), Denver, Colorado (U.S. Geological Survey, E.M. Brouwers), Reston, Virginia (U.S. Geological Survey, T.M. Cronin). MAOD gave the longitude, latitude, water depth of the samples and the repository for each. Most of the shallow water samples from MAOD containing more than 20 individual specimens of ostracodes are included in the ostarcmod.txt database (several sites from latitudes below 50 N were excluded); taxonomy for a few species was updated and a few typographical errors were corrected. Cronin et al. (1994) provided species census data from 43 coretop samples obtained during the 1991 cruise of the Polarstern to the Arctic Ocean. Station data for these are given in Fütterer (1992). Cronin et al (1995) provided additional coretop ostracode census data from other deep water regions of the Arctic and the adjacent Nordic Seas obtained during several Polarstern and Meteor cruises and the 1992 Polar Star cruise to the Northwind Ridge region, Canada Basin. Surface sample ostracode assemblages from the 1993 Polarstern cruise to the Barents and Laptev Seas (Fütterer, 1994) are given in Cronin (in press; special volume on Arctic Ocean surface sediments, Stein et al., eds.). ostarcfos.txt This file contains the downcore ostracode census counts from Cronin et al. (1994) for 18 GKG boxcores and 1 KAL kastenlot core from the 1991 Polarstern cruise (Fütterer, 1992). Ostracode faunal slides from these cores are housed in the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Columns 2 and 3 are the top and bottom core depths for each sample. Taxon numbers 1-103 are keyed to the ostarcnam.txt file. ostarcmuc.txt This file contains the downcore ostracode species census counts from Cronin et al. (1995) for eight multicores (MUC) from the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean obtained during the 1991 Polarstern cruise (Fütterer, 1992). Ostracode faunal slides from these cores are housed in the U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. Columns 2 and 3 are the top and bottom core depths for each sample. Taxon numbers 1-103 are keyed to the ostarcnam.txt file. Acknowledgements We are greatful to the shipboard scientists and crews of cruises who obtained Arctic cores and samples that provided the material for this database. We are also especially appreciative of the following colleagues who have freely and kindly provided material for ostracode study: Dr. J. T. Andrews, K. Foley, Prof. D. Fütterer, Dr. A. Grantz, Dr. S. Ishman, Dr. E. Reimnitz, Dr. P. Barnes, Dr. S. Lehman, Dr. A. Mackensen, Dr. D. Nurnberg, Dr. L. Polyak, Dr. R.Z. Poore, Dr. R. Spielhagen, Dr. R. Stein, Prof. J. Thiede, Dr. C. Vogt, Dr. J. Wollenburg. Much of the ostracode research was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Global Change and Climate History Program, in collaboration with INSTAAR (University of Colorado) and the Institute of Earth Studies, Aberystwyth, (University College, Wales), and with assistance from the Alfred Wegener Institute (Bremerhaven) and GEOMAR (Kiel). Most of the taxonomy of this database was agreed upon at a conference on deep-sea Ostracoda held in summer, 1993, at the USGS in Reston, Virginia, sponsored by the USGS Global Change and Climate History Program. Primary Reference: Cronin, T.M., Holtz, T.R., Jr., Stein, R., Spielhagen, R., Fütterer, D., and Wollenburg, J. 1995. Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Eurasian Basin, Arctic Ocean. Paleoceanography 10(2): 259-281. Additional References: Briggs, W.M., Jr. 1983. Ice rafting of ostracodes and other microfauna, Beaufort Sea, Alaska. Abstracts with Programs, 96th Annual Meeting, The Geological Society of America: 532. Briggs, W.M., Jr. and Mudie, P. in prep. Ostracodes from the Axel Heiberg CESAR cores. Brouwers, E.M., Jorgensen, N.O., and Cronin, T.M. 1991. Climatic significance of the ostracode fauna from the Pliocene Kap Kobenhavn Formation, north Greenland. Micropaleontology. 37(3): 245-267. Clark, D.L., Chern, L.A., Hogler, J.A., Mennicke, C.M., and Atkins, E.D. 1990. Late Neogene climate evolution of the central Arctic Ocean. Marine Geology. 93: 69-94. Cronin, T.M. 1981. Paleoclimatic implications of Late Pleistocene marine ostracodes from the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Micropaleontology 27(4): 383-418. Cronin, T.M. 1988. Paleozoogeography of postglacial Ostracoda from northeastern North America. In, N.R. Gadd, ed., "The Late Quaternary development of the Champlain Sea Basin", Geol. Assoc. Canada Special Paper 35: 125-144. Cronin, T.M. in press. Distribution of deep-sea Ostracoda in the Arctic Ocean. In, Stein, R., Ivanov, G., Levitan, M. (eds.), "Surface-sediment composition and sedimentary processes in the eastern Arctic Ocean and along the Eurasian Continental Margin", Special Issue of Berichte zur Polarforschung. Cronin, T.M., Briggs, W.M. Jr., Brouwers, E.M., Whatley, R.C., Wood, A. and Cotton, M.A. 1991. Modern Arctic podocopid ostracode database. United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-385, 1-51. Cronin, T.M., Whatley, R., Wood, A., Tsukagoshi, A., Ikeya, N., Brouwers, E.M., and Briggs, W., Jr. 1993. Evidence for elevated mid-Pliocene temperatures in the Arctic Ocean based on marine Ostracoda, Paleoceanography., 8, 161-173. Cronin, T.M., Holtz, T.R., Jr. and Whatley, R.C. 1994. Quaternary paleoceanography of the deep Arctic Ocean based on quantitative analysis of Ostracoda. Marine Geology, 119, 305-332. Cronin, T.M., Holtz, T.R., Jr., Stein, R., Spielhagen, R., Fütterer, D., and Wollenburg, J. 1995. Late Quaternary paleoceanography of the Eurasian Basin, Arctic Ocean. Paleoceanography 10(2): 259-281. Elofson, O. 1941. Zur kenntnis der marinen Ostracoden Schwedens, mit besonderer berucksichtigung des skagerrads. Zoologiska Bidrag fran Uppsala, 19, 215-534. Fütterer, D. (ed.). 1992. Arctic'91: The expedition ARK-VIII/3 of RV "Polarstern" in 1991, Berichte zur Polarforschung, 107, 1-267. Fütterer, D. (ed.). 1994. The expedition ARCTIC '93 Leg ARK IX/4 of RV "Polarstern" 1993. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 149: 1-244. Hartmann, G. 1992. Zur Kenntnis der rezenten und subfossilen Ostracoden des Liefdefjords (Nordspitzbergen, Svalbard).i.teil. Mit einer tabelle subfossil nachgewiesener Foraminiferen. Mitt. hamb. zool. Mus. Inst., 89, 181-225. Joy, J.A. and Clark, D.L. 1977. The distribution, ecology and systematics of the benthic Ostracoda of the central Arctic Ocean. Micropaleontology, 23, 129-154. McDougall, K., Brouwers, E.M., Smith, P. 1986. Micropaleontology and sedimentology of the PB borehole series, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1598. Neale, J.W. and Howe, H.V. 1975 The marine Ostracoda of Russian Harbour, Novaya Zemlya and other high latitude faunas. Bulletin of American Paleontology, 65, 381-431. Nurnberg, D., I. Wollenburg, D. Dethleff, H. Eicken, H. Kassens, T. Letzig, E. Reimnitz, J. Thiede. 1994. Sediments in Arctic sea ice: implications for entrainment, transport and release. Marine Geology 119: 185-214. Pak, D.K., Clark, D.L., Blasco, S.M. 1992. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and micropaleontology of a part of the Eurasian Basin (=Fram Basin), central Arctic Ocean. Marine Micropaleontology 20: 1-22. Penney, D.N. 1989. Recent shallow marine Ostracoda of the Ikerssuak (Bredefjord) district, Southwest Greenland. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 8, 55-75. Penney, D.N. 1993a. Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene ostracode stratigraphy and paleoclimate of the Lodin Elv and Kap Kobenhavn formations, East Greenland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 101, 49-66. Penney, D.N. 1993b. Northern North Sea benthic Ostracoda: modern distribution, palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental significance. The Holocene, 3, 241-254. Reimnitz, E., McCormick, M., McDougall, K. and Brouwers, E.M. 1983. Sediment export by ice rafting from a coastal polynya, Arctic Alaska, U.S.A. Arctic and Alpine Research, 25, 83-98. Reimnitz, E., Marincovich, L., McCormick, M. and Briggs, W.M., Jr. 1992. Suspension freezing of bottom sediment and biota in the Northwest Passage and implications for Arctic Ocean sedimentation. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29: 693-703. Sars, G.O. 1866. Oversigt af Norges marine Ostracoder. Vidensk. -Selsk. Forhandl. Christiania, 17 (for 1865), 1-130. Sars, G.O. 1922-1928. An account of the Crustacea of Norway, Volume IX, Ostracoda, Bergen Museum, 1-277. Stein, R., Ivanov, G., Levitan, M. (eds.), in press. "Surface-sediment composition and sedimentary processes in the eastern Arctic Ocean and along the Eurasian Continental Margin", Berichte zur Polarforschung. Whatley, R.C. 1982. Littoral and sublittoral Ostracoda from Sisimiut, West Greenland. In Fox, A.D. and Stroud, D.A. (Eds.), Report of the 1979 Greenland White- Fronted Goose Study Expedition to Equalunqmiut Nunat, Western Greenland, University of Wales Press, 269-285. Whatley, R.C. and G. Coles. 1987. The late Miocene to Quaternary Ostracoda of Leg 94, Deep Sea Drilling Project, Revista Espanola de Micropaleontologicia, 19 (1), 33-97. Whatley, R.C. and M. Eynon, 1995. Ostracoda from the Greenland Sea, Micropalaeontology (in press). SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Cronin, T., 1995, Arctic Ostracodes Database. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center-A for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 95-023. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.