# Global and Zonal 200 Year Multiproxy Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18835 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/crowley2014/readme-crowley2014.txt # # Original_Source_URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013EF000216/full # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-06-10 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global and Zonal 200 Year Multiproxy Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Crowley, T.J.; Obrochta, S.P.; Liu, J. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Fixed-grid global and zonal multi-proxy temperature reconstruction from 1782 to 1984. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thomas J. Crowley, Stephen P. Obrochta, Junhua Liu # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-05-01 # Published_Title: Recent global temperature "plateau" in the context of a new proxy reconstruction # Journal_Name: Earth's Future # Volume: 2 # Edition: # Issue: 5 # Pages: 281-294 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1002/2013EF000216 # Online_Resource: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013EF000216/full # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Stable global temperatures of the last 10-15 years have been a topic of considerable discussion. A new proxy extension of the global temperature record enables better placement of this feature in a longer historical perspective. The fixed-grid composite covers the interval 1801-1984, with an extension to 1782, and anchors the global temperature record in the last major cold interval of the Little Ice Age, when carbon dioxide concentration was at preanthropogenic levels. Except for greater and longer cooling (approximately twice the length of Pinatubo) associated with the Tambora eruption, the proxy agrees with the most widely cited previous assessment of global temperature over this interval, lending more confidence to a centennial extension of the global temperature record. The proxy correlation is as high as 0.83 for the interval 1907-1984 (df = 8, p = 0.001), with the 21st century 1.0°C ± 0.2°C warmer than the nonvolcanic base state. This remarkable linearity requires a clear theoretical understanding as to how an exceedingly complex system can, on the global average, behave in such a simple way. Removal of the linear radiatively forced component from the global temperature record yields an estimate of natural variability for the last 230 years and indicates no unusual natural variability during the recent 10-15 years. Based on the estimate of unforced variability over the last 170 years, there is about a 40% chance of continued "natural cooling" over the next few years, with about a 10% chance of cooling persisting into the next decade. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Global # Location: Geographic Region>Global # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90.0 # Southernmost_Latitude: -90.0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180.0 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180.0 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Crowley2014recons # Earliest_Year: 1782 # Most_Recent_Year: 1984 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # #---------------- # The following is a description of auxiliary tables and data for Crowley et al. 2014. 1. text01.doc and text01.txt are the list of references for all individual data sites used. The numbers correspond to column 2.8 ("Suppl. Ref. No.") in "ts01.txt". 2. ts01.txt: Supplemental Table 1 containing site information. 2.1 Zonal range 2.2 Column "Site" Contains site name 2.3 Column "Subsite" Contains sites names for local composites 2.4 Column "Lat" contains latitude 2.5 Column "Long" contains longitude 2.6 Column "Proxy" describes the proxy used, e.g., TR (tree ring) 2.7 Column "Index" describes the proxy index, e.g., O18 2.8 Column "Suppl. Ref. No." contains the reference number for lookup in text01.doc 2.9 Column "Notes" contains notes 2.10 Column "Reference" contains abbreviated reference 2.11 Column "URL" contains a URL to data when available 3. ts02.txt: Data used in 30N-90N zonal composite. 3.1 Column "Year" contains the year from 1782 to 1984 3.2-3.18 individual site data 4. ts03.txt: Data used in 30S-30N zonal composite. 4.1 Column "Year" contains the year from 1782 to 1984 4.2-4.19 individual site data 5. ts04.txt: Data used in 30S-90S zonal composite. 5.1 Column "Year" contains the year from 1782 to 1984 5.2-5.21 individual site data 6. ts05.txt: Zonal composites and global composite. 6.1 Column "Year" contains the year from 1782 to 1984 6.2 Column "30N-90N comp" contains the 30N-90N, northern hemisphere composite 6.3 Column "30S-30N comp" contains the untuned 30S-30N tropical fixed grid 1801-1894 composite 6.4 Column "30S-30N enso comp" contains the ENSO-tuned 30S-30N tropical fixed grid 1801-1894 composite 6.5 Column "30S-30N ext comp" contains the untuned 30S-30N tropical 1782-extended composite 6.6 Column "30S-30N ext comp enso" contains the ENSO-tuned 30S-30N tropical 1782-extended composite 6.7 Column "30S-90S comp" contains the 30S-90S southern hemisphere composite 6.8 Column "global proxy (1782)" is the zonally-weighted (by latitudinal area) global average using "30S-30N ext comp enso" 6.9 Column "global proxy/instrument (appendix, 1894)" is the fixed grid 1894-1984 mixed proxy/instrument composite 6.10 Column "Global instrument composite (HadCruNoaaNasa)" is the composite of 3 instrumental records known internally as "HCNN" 6.11 Column "HadCRUt3 30N-90N" is the HadCRUT3 zonal composite for 30N-90N courtesy of P. Jones. 6.12 Column "HadCRUt3 30S-30N" is the HadCRUT3 zonal composite for 30S-30N courtesy of P. Jones. 6.13 Column "HadCRUt3 30S-90S" is the HadCRUT3 zonal composite for 30S-90S courtesy of P. Jones. 6.14 Column "GHG (temp scaled)" is the well-mixed greenhouse gas forcing (Meinshausen et al., 2011; Forster et al., 2013) scaled to temperature 6.15 Column "Volcanic (temp scaled)" is the volcanic forcing (Crowley and Unterman, 2013) scaled to temperature 6.16 Column "[Global Proxy 1782]-GHG" is "GHG (temp scaled)" subtracted from "global proxy (1782)" 6.17 Column "[Global Proxy 1782]-[GHG+Volc]" is "GHG (temp scaled)" combined with "Volcanic (temp scaled)" subtracted from "global proxy (1782)" 6.18 Column "[Global proxy/instrum 1894]-[GHG+Volc]" is "GHG (temp scaled)" combined with "Volcanic (temp scaled)" subtracted from "global proxy/instrument (appendix, 1894)" 6.19 Column "[Global instrument composite]-[GHG+Volc]" is "GHG (temp scaled)" combined with "Volcanic (temp scaled)" subtracted from HCNN 7. ts06.mat: MATLAB binary data file with 1) individual vectors corresponding to all columns in ts05, 2) a "readme" cell array describing explaining all vectors and which correspond to columns 6.1-6.19 in "ts05.txt", and 3) a structure array with site information from "ts01.txt" and data from "ts02.txt", "ts03.txt", and "ts04.txt". Order of columns in structure array corresponds to site numbers in 2.2 Column "Site". From column 39 in the structure array begins the Antarctic sites. Individual fields in the structure array are: 'name' (site name) 'nick' (site nickname with no spaces) 'norm' (description if data have been normalized to 0 mean and unit standard deviation) 'type' (proxy type, e.g. treering, etc.) 'subsite' (names of subsites, if any) 'zone' (zonal range, nh, trop, sh) 'notes' (information from 2.9 Column "Notes") 'proxy' (proxy index, e.g. d18O) 'latlon' (coordinates for site or subsites) 'startyear' (data start year, e.g. 1782 or 1801) 'ref' (full reference) 'data' (proxy data for each site, as used in reconstruction from files ts01-ts04).