# 1000 Year Composite Sea Surface Temperature Record from the North Atlantic Ocean #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, # online resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14193 # # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cunningham2013/cunningham2013-malangen.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleoceanography #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-04-11 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: 1000 Year Composite Sea Surface Temperature Record from the North Atlantic Ocean #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Cunningham, L.K.; Austin, W.E.N.; Knudsen, K.L.; Eiríksson, J.; Scourse, J.D; Wanamaker Jr., A.D.; Butler, P.G.; Cage, A.; Richter, T.; Husum, K.; Hald, M.; Andersson C.; Zorita, A.; Linderholm, H.W.; Gunnarson, B.E.; Sicre, M.A.; Sejrup, H.P.; Jiang, H.; Wilson, R.J.S. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # A set of reconstructions of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic from a collection of ocean core data. Malangen Fjord δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Hald et al., 2011; Vøring Plateau planktonic foram data from Anderson et al., 2003; Ranafjord δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Klitgaard Kristensen et al., 2003; Norwegian Margin(P1-003MC) δ18O of planktonic foraminifera data from Sejrup et al., 2010; Norwegian Channel δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Eiríksson et al., 2006; North Iceland Shelf Arctica islandica shell growth increments data from Wanamaker et al., 2008, 2012; Butler et al., 2013; MD99-2275 diatom data from Ran et al., 2011; MD99-2276 Alkenone data from Sicre et al.,2008,2011; Loch Sunart δ18O of benthic foraminifera data from Cage and Austin, 2010. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cunningham, L.K., Austin, W.E.N., Knudsen, K.L., Eiríksson, J., Scourse, J.D, Wanamaker Jr., A.D., Butler, P.G., Cage, A., Richter, T., Husum, K., Hald, M., Andersson C., Zorita, A., Linderholm, H.W., Gunnarson, B.E., Sicre, M.A., Sejrup, H.P., Jiang, H. and Wilson, R.J.S. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Published_Title: Reconstructions of surface ocean conditions from the northeast Atlantic and Nordic seas during the last millennium. # Journal_Name: The Holocene # Volume: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1177/0959683613479677 # Abstract: We undertake the first comprehensive effort to integrate North Atlantic marine climate records for the last millennium, highlighting some key components common within this system at a range of temporal and spatial scales. In such an approach, careful consideration needs to be given to the complexities inherent to the marine system. Composites therefore need to be hydrographically constrained and sensitive to both surface water mass variability and three-dimensional ocean dynamics. This study focuses on the northeast (NE) Atlantic, particularly sites influenced by the North Atlantic Current. A composite plus regression approach is used to create an inter-regional NE Atlantic reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) for the last 1000 years. We highlight the loss of spatial information associated with large-scale composite reconstructions of the marine environment. Regional reconstructions of SSTs off the Norwegian and Icelandic margins are presented, along with a larger-scale reconstruction spanning the NE North Atlantic. The latter indicates that the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’ warming was most pronounced before ad 1200, with a long-term cooling trend apparent after ad 1250. This trend persisted until the early 20th century, while in recent decades temperatures have been similar to those inferred for the ‘Medieval Climate Anomaly’. The reconstructions are consistent with other independent records of sea-surface and surface air temperatures from the region, indicating that they are adequately capturing the climate dynamics of the last millennium. Consequently, this method could potentially be used to develop large-scale reconstructions of SSTs for other hydrographically constrained regions. # #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: European Commission MILLENNIUM Integrated Project # Grant: 017008 #--------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Malangen Fjord # Location: North Atlantic Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 69.48333 # Southernmost_Latitude: 69.48333 # Easternmost_Longitude: 18.36667 # Westernmost_Longitude: 18.36667 # Elevation: #------------------ # Data_Collection # Core_Name: MalangenSST # First_Year: 1000 # Last_Year: 1985 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Original data in Hald et al., 2011. #------------------ # Variables # # variables format: one per line, shortname-tab- 9 var components: what,material, error,units,season,archive,detail,method, C or N for Character or Numeric data ## age_AD Age,,,AD,,,,,N ## SST-d18benth sea surface temperature,,,degrees C,,Paleoceanography,,from δ18O of benthic foraminifera,N #----------------- # Data # Missing Value -999 age_AD SST-d18benth 1985 6.684 1984 6.653 1983 6.637 1982 6.637 1981 6.651 1980 6.688 1979 6.737 1978 6.797 1977 6.863 1976 6.927 1975 6.976 1974 7.008 1973 7.020 1972 7.015 1971 7.002 1970 6.989 1969 6.982 1968 6.981 1967 6.992 1966 7.011 1965 7.037 1964 7.071 1963 7.106 1962 7.142 1961 7.172 1960 7.197 1959 7.203 1958 7.201 1957 7.189 1956 7.168 1955 7.141 1954 7.111 1953 7.082 1952 7.052 1951 7.024 1950 6.997 1949 6.970 1948 6.942 1947 6.918 1946 6.888 1945 6.858 1944 6.832 1943 6.803 1942 6.777 1941 6.756 1940 6.740 1939 6.726 1938 6.717 1937 6.712 1936 6.710 1935 6.709 1934 6.706 1933 6.698 1932 6.685 1931 6.671 1930 6.654 1929 6.637 1928 6.626 1927 6.622 1926 6.633 1925 6.660 1924 6.697 1923 6.737 1922 6.779 1921 6.822 1920 6.865 1919 6.907 1918 6.948 1917 6.988 1916 7.024 1915 7.056 1914 7.084 1913 7.102 1912 7.105 1911 7.088 1910 7.049 1909 6.987 1908 6.902 1907 6.798 1906 6.683 1905 6.562 1904 6.446 1903 6.346 1902 6.271 1901 6.222 1900 6.196 1899 6.191 1898 6.204 1897 6.232 1896 6.268 1895 6.306 1894 6.344 1893 6.379 1892 6.409 1891 6.436 1890 6.461 1889 6.484 1888 6.507 1887 6.526 1886 6.544 1885 6.560 1884 6.571 1883 6.578 1882 6.582 1881 6.580 1880 6.579 1879 6.581 1878 6.588 1877 6.596 1876 6.607 1875 6.618 1874 6.630 1873 6.634 1872 6.630 1871 6.621 1870 6.602 1869 6.573 1868 6.538 1867 6.500 1866 6.463 1865 6.426 1864 6.392 1863 6.365 1862 6.347 1861 6.339 1860 6.343 1859 6.358 1858 6.382 1857 6.415 1856 6.453 1855 6.487 1854 6.516 1853 6.537 1852 6.557 1851 6.570 1850 6.571 1849 6.567 1848 6.561 1847 6.556 1846 6.552 1845 6.546 1844 6.539 1843 6.533 1842 6.524 1841 6.515 1840 6.507 1839 6.504 1838 6.507 1837 6.518 1836 6.538 1835 6.569 1834 6.608 1833 6.654 1832 6.701 1831 6.745 1830 6.787 1829 6.821 1828 6.841 1827 6.846 1826 6.835 1825 6.810 1824 6.777 1823 6.739 1822 6.696 1821 6.657 1820 6.619 1819 6.587 1818 6.558 1817 6.532 1816 6.507 1815 6.478 1814 6.444 1813 6.406 1812 6.366 1811 6.326 1810 6.287 1809 6.252 1808 6.221 1807 6.194 1806 6.167 1805 6.139 1804 6.105 1803 6.063 1802 6.013 1801 5.959 1800 5.903 1799 5.854 1798 5.814 1797 5.791 1796 5.787 1795 5.804 1794 5.837 1793 5.882 1792 5.930 1791 5.976 1790 6.016 1789 6.051 1788 6.079 1787 6.104 1786 6.125 1785 6.145 1784 6.164 1783 6.182 1782 6.197 1781 6.208 1780 6.215 1779 6.217 1778 6.215 1777 6.210 1776 6.204 1775 6.198 1774 6.193 1773 6.189 1772 6.188 1771 6.188 1770 6.187 1769 6.184 1768 6.179 1767 6.172 1766 6.165 1765 6.159 1764 6.154 1763 6.150 1762 6.146 1761 6.141 1760 6.134 1759 6.126 1758 6.117 1757 6.109 1756 6.102 1755 6.094 1754 6.086 1753 6.075 1752 6.061 1751 6.043 1750 6.022 1749 6.000 1748 5.979 1747 5.959 1746 5.943 1745 5.932 1744 5.928 1743 5.931 1742 5.940 1741 5.953 1740 5.967 1739 5.982 1738 5.996 1737 6.008 1736 6.017 1735 6.024 1734 6.029 1733 6.030 1732 6.026 1731 6.016 1730 5.997 1729 5.968 1728 5.928 1727 5.880 1726 5.825 1725 5.765 1724 5.705 1723 5.649 1722 5.601 1721 5.566 1720 5.546 1719 5.544 1718 5.560 1717 5.591 1716 5.636 1715 5.688 1714 5.745 1713 5.800 1712 5.850 1711 5.894 1710 5.928 1709 5.954 1708 5.971 1707 5.980 1706 5.981 1705 5.974 1704 5.959 1703 5.937 1702 5.908 1701 5.873 1700 5.835 1699 5.799 1698 5.768 1697 5.746 1696 5.737 1695 5.744 1694 5.767 1693 5.804 1692 5.851 1691 5.904 1690 5.958 1689 6.008 1688 6.048 1687 6.075 1686 6.085 1685 6.080 1684 6.061 1683 6.034 1682 6.003 1681 5.976 1680 5.955 1679 5.946 1678 5.951 1677 5.973 1676 6.014 1675 6.073 1674 6.147 1673 6.233 1672 6.327 1671 6.422 1670 6.506 1669 6.570 1668 6.605 1667 6.605 1666 6.571 1665 6.508 1664 6.422 1663 6.324 1662 6.223 1661 6.130 1660 6.049 1659 5.987 1658 5.942 1657 5.914 1656 5.898 1655 5.893 1654 5.895 1653 5.902 1652 5.911 1651 5.919 1650 5.926 1649 5.930 1648 5.933 1647 5.935 1646 5.938 1645 5.942 1644 5.945 1643 5.946 1642 5.945 1641 5.941 1640 5.934 1639 5.927 1638 5.922 1637 5.922 1636 5.932 1635 5.950 1634 5.976 1633 6.006 1632 6.036 1631 6.061 1630 6.078 1629 6.083 1628 6.073 1627 6.048 1626 6.011 1625 5.965 1624 5.918 1623 5.875 1622 5.844 1621 5.829 1620 5.832 1619 5.852 1618 5.886 1617 5.929 1616 5.975 1615 6.017 1614 6.052 1613 6.077 1612 6.091 1611 6.094 1610 6.088 1609 6.077 1608 6.061 1607 6.045 1606 6.028 1605 6.013 1604 6.002 1603 5.993 1602 5.988 1601 5.985 1600 5.982 1599 5.978 1598 5.972 1597 5.962 1596 5.950 1595 5.934 1594 5.915 1593 5.891 1592 5.862 1591 5.827 1590 5.787 1589 5.746 1588 5.704 1587 5.666 1586 5.634 1585 5.608 1584 5.591 1583 5.583 1582 5.586 1581 5.600 1580 5.625 1579 5.662 1578 5.708 1577 5.761 1576 5.818 1575 5.874 1574 5.927 1573 5.974 1572 6.011 1571 6.040 1570 6.058 1569 6.067 1568 6.067 1567 6.058 1566 6.039 1565 6.013 1564 5.980 1563 5.940 1562 5.896 1561 5.850 1560 5.805 1559 5.767 1558 5.741 1557 5.729 1556 5.735 1555 5.760 1554 5.803 1553 5.860 1552 5.925 1551 5.993 1550 6.057 1549 6.109 1548 6.146 1547 6.165 1546 6.165 1545 6.149 1544 6.118 1543 6.076 1542 6.028 1541 5.978 1540 5.930 1539 5.887 1538 5.850 1537 5.819 1536 5.792 1535 5.770 1534 5.752 1533 5.736 1532 5.724 1531 5.716 1530 5.711 1529 5.710 1528 5.711 1527 5.713 1526 5.718 1525 5.726 1524 5.737 1523 5.752 1522 5.773 1521 5.798 1520 5.827 1519 5.857 1518 5.887 1517 5.913 1516 5.935 1515 5.950 1514 5.958 1513 5.958 1512 5.950 1511 5.934 1510 5.910 1509 5.879 1508 5.843 1507 5.803 1506 5.762 1505 5.719 1504 5.677 1503 5.638 1502 5.603 1501 5.575 1500 5.560 1499 5.559 1498 5.576 1497 5.611 1496 5.662 1495 5.725 1494 5.794 1493 5.863 1492 5.926 1491 5.980 1490 6.023 1489 6.054 1488 6.074 1487 6.085 1486 6.090 1485 6.089 1484 6.085 1483 6.078 1482 6.069 1481 6.058 1480 6.045 1479 6.029 1478 6.011 1477 5.991 1476 5.971 1475 5.953 1474 5.938 1473 5.929 1472 5.927 1471 5.933 1470 5.946 1469 5.965 1468 5.988 1467 6.012 1466 6.037 1465 6.061 1464 6.082 1463 6.101 1462 6.116 1461 6.127 1460 6.132 1459 6.131 1458 6.121 1457 6.104 1456 6.078 1455 6.046 1454 6.010 1453 5.972 1452 5.936 1451 5.906 1450 5.884 1449 5.873 1448 5.875 1447 5.888 1446 5.911 1445 5.941 1444 5.975 1443 6.008 1442 6.036 1441 6.056 1440 6.069 1439 6.075 1438 6.078 1437 6.080 1436 6.087 1435 6.099 1434 6.119 1433 6.145 1432 6.175 1431 6.209 1430 6.241 1429 6.271 1428 6.297 1427 6.317 1426 6.332 1425 6.341 1424 6.345 1423 6.345 1422 6.343 1421 6.337 1420 6.328 1419 6.314 1418 6.296 1417 6.272 1416 6.245 1415 6.214 1414 6.182 1413 6.151 1412 6.123 1411 6.100 1410 6.084 1409 6.075 1408 6.074 1407 6.080 1406 6.092 1405 6.109 1404 6.127 1403 6.146 1402 6.164 1401 6.180 1400 6.193 1399 6.201 1398 6.203 1397 6.198 1396 6.184 1395 6.161 1394 6.132 1393 6.099 1392 6.063 1391 6.029 1390 5.998 1389 5.973 1388 5.953 1387 5.939 1386 5.930 1385 5.924 1384 5.923 1383 5.925 1382 5.931 1381 5.939 1380 5.949 1379 5.960 1378 5.969 1377 5.977 1376 5.980 1375 5.977 1374 5.966 1373 5.947 1372 5.920 1371 5.886 1370 5.847 1369 5.806 1368 5.766 1367 5.731 1366 5.702 1365 5.681 1364 5.670 1363 5.667 1362 5.673 1361 5.687 1360 5.708 1359 5.735 1358 5.766 1357 5.799 1356 5.833 1355 5.865 1354 5.892 1353 5.914 1352 5.928 1351 5.934 1350 5.932 1349 5.921 1348 5.904 1347 5.880 1346 5.854 1345 5.825 1344 5.796 1343 5.771 1342 5.749 1341 5.734 1340 5.725 1339 5.725 1338 5.734 1337 5.750 1336 5.773 1335 5.803 1334 5.837 1333 5.875 1332 5.915 1331 5.955 1330 5.995 1329 6.034 1328 6.070 1327 6.103 1326 6.132 1325 6.156 1324 6.174 1323 6.187 1322 6.193 1321 6.192 1320 6.184 1319 6.168 1318 6.144 1317 6.113 1316 6.077 1315 6.037 1314 5.994 1313 5.952 1312 5.914 1311 5.880 1310 5.853 1309 5.833 1308 5.818 1307 5.807 1306 5.798 1305 5.790 1304 5.782 1303 5.776 1302 5.775 1301 5.782 1300 5.798 1299 5.824 1298 5.859 1297 5.901 1296 5.946 1295 5.991 1294 6.031 1293 6.067 1292 6.095 1291 6.116 1290 6.131 1289 6.140 1288 6.143 1287 6.143 1286 6.138 1285 6.130 1284 6.118 1283 6.101 1282 6.079 1281 6.051 1280 6.017 1279 5.981 1278 5.942 1277 5.905 1276 5.873 1275 5.849 1274 5.835 1273 5.833 1272 5.844 1271 5.868 1270 5.902 1269 5.945 1268 5.992 1267 6.040 1266 6.084 1265 6.121 1264 6.148 1263 6.165 1262 6.172 1261 6.169 1260 6.158 1259 6.141 1258 6.121 1257 6.098 1256 6.076 1255 6.055 1254 6.036 1253 6.018 1252 6.003 1251 5.989 1250 5.975 1249 5.963 1248 5.952 1247 5.943 1246 5.938 1245 5.937 1244 5.941 1243 5.949 1242 5.963 1241 5.981 1240 6.004 1239 6.029 1238 6.055 1237 6.080 1236 6.102 1235 6.120 1234 6.132 1233 6.137 1232 6.135 1231 6.126 1230 6.111 1229 6.093 1228 6.072 1227 6.052 1226 6.036 1225 6.023 1224 6.016 1223 6.014 1222 6.016 1221 6.020 1220 6.024 1219 6.028 1218 6.030 1217 6.034 1216 6.040 1215 6.051 1214 6.070 1213 6.098 1212 6.136 1211 6.185 1210 6.242 1209 6.305 1208 6.369 1207 6.431 1206 6.486 1205 6.528 1204 6.556 1203 6.570 1202 6.569 1201 6.557 1200 6.539 1199 6.519 1198 6.500 1197 6.485 1196 6.475 1195 6.470 1194 6.470 1193 6.472 1192 6.476 1191 6.480 1190 6.482 1189 6.483 1188 6.483 1187 6.480 1186 6.477 1185 6.473 1184 6.468 1183 6.463 1182 6.456 1181 6.445 1180 6.429 1179 6.405 1178 6.372 1177 6.331 1176 6.281 1175 6.225 1174 6.166 1173 6.107 1172 6.051 1171 6.001 1170 5.959 1169 5.928 1168 5.907 1167 5.897 1166 5.898 1165 5.911 1164 5.933 1163 5.964 1162 6.002 1161 6.045 1160 6.089 1159 6.133 1158 6.174 1157 6.210 1156 6.241 1155 6.267 1154 6.287 1153 6.306 1152 6.323 1151 6.340 1150 6.356 1149 6.371 1148 6.384 1147 6.393 1146 6.395 1145 6.392 1144 6.383 1143 6.369 1142 6.354 1141 6.339 1140 6.325 1139 6.314 1138 6.305 1137 6.296 1136 6.288 1135 6.279 1134 6.268 1133 6.258 1132 6.251 1131 6.248 1130 6.254 1129 6.271 1128 6.299 1127 6.338 1126 6.387 1125 6.441 1124 6.496 1123 6.550 1122 6.596 1121 6.631 1120 6.653 1119 6.659 1118 6.650 1117 6.629 1116 6.598 1115 6.561 1114 6.524 1113 6.489 1112 6.458 1111 6.432 1110 6.409 1109 6.389 1108 6.370 1107 6.351 1106 6.332 1105 6.313 1104 6.294 1103 6.277 1102 6.262 1101 6.249 1100 6.237 1099 6.226 1098 6.214 1097 6.199 1096 6.182 1095 6.163 1094 6.144 1093 6.128 1092 6.117 1091 6.113 1090 6.118 1089 6.133 1088 6.156 1087 6.188 1086 6.224 1085 6.264 1084 6.304 1083 6.342 1082 6.377 1081 6.405 1080 6.426 1079 6.439 1078 6.444 1077 6.442 1076 6.434 1075 6.421 1074 6.406 1073 6.390 1072 6.377 1071 6.369 1070 6.368 1069 6.375 1068 6.392 1067 6.417 1066 6.450 1065 6.486 1064 6.524 1063 6.560 1062 6.589 1061 6.609 1060 6.617 1059 6.611 1058 6.592 1057 6.561 1056 6.521 1055 6.476 1054 6.432 1053 6.391 1052 6.359 1051 6.335 1050 6.320 1049 6.312 1048 6.308 1047 6.306 1046 6.304 1045 6.300 1044 6.296 1043 6.293 1042 6.294 1041 6.299 1040 6.312 1039 6.331 1038 6.357 1037 6.387 1036 6.419 1035 6.451 1034 6.479 1033 6.501 1032 6.515 1031 6.522 1030 6.521 1029 6.514 1028 6.504 1027 6.493 1026 6.484 1025 6.483 1024 6.489 1023 6.507 1022 6.533 1021 6.567 1020 6.605 1019 6.642 1018 6.673 1017 6.693 1016 6.699 1015 6.687 1014 6.656 1013 6.606 1012 6.541 1011 6.466 1010 6.388 1009 6.313 1008 6.251 1007 6.205 1006 6.180 1005 6.174 1004 6.184 1003 6.204 1002 6.227 1001 6.247 1000 6.261