Western Atlantic Glacial Benthic Foraminifera Stable Isotopic Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Western Atlantic Glacial Benthic Foraminifera Stable Isotopic Data LAST UPDATE: 9/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo). Note: These data have been expanded in Marchal and Curry (2008) to include comparable eastern Atlantic data. Please see: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/marchal2008/ CONTRIBUTOR: William B. Curry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-088 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Curry, W.B. and D.W. Oppo. 2008. Western Atlantic Glacial Benthic Foraminifera Stable Isotopic Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-088. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Curry, W.B. and D.W. Oppo. 2005. Glacial water mass geometry and the distribution of d13C and TCO2 in the western Atlantic ocean. Paleoceanography, doi:10.1029/2004PA001021. ABSTRACT: Oxygen and carbon isotopic data were produced on the benthic foraminiferal taxa Cibicidoides and Planulina from 25 new piston cores, gravity cores, and multicores from the Brazil margin. The cores span water depths from about 400 to 3000 m and intersect the major water masses in this region. These new data fill a critical gap in the South Atlantic Ocean and provide the motivation for updating the classic glacial western Atlantic d13C transect of Duplessy et al. (1988). The distribution of d13C of ECO2 requires the presence of three distinct water masses in the glacial Atlantic Ocean: a shallow (~1000 m), southern source water mass with an end-member d13C value of about 0.3-0.5% VPDB, a middepth (~1500 m), northern source water mass with an end-member value of about 1.5%, and a deep (>2000 m), southern source water with an end-member value of less than -0.2%, and perhaps as low as the -0.9% values observed in the South Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean (Ninnemann and Charles, 2002). The origins of the water masses are supported by the meridional gradients in benthic foraminiferal d18O. A revised glacial section of deep water d13C documents the positions and gradients among these end-member intermediate and deep water masses. The large property gradients in the presence of strong vertical mixing can only be maintained by a vigorous overturning circulation. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Marchal, O. and W.B. Curry. 2008. On the abyssal circulation in the glacial Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, in press. doi:10.1175/2008JPO3895.1. Lynch-Stieglitz, J., W.B. Curry, and N. Slowey. 1999. A geostrophic transport estimate for the Florida Current from the oxygen isotope composition of benthic foraminifera. Paleoceanography, Vol. 14, pp. 360-373. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Western Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 18 - 21 KYrBP and 0 - 3KYrBP FUNDING SOURCE: US National Science Foundation, grants OCE-9986748 and OCE-9905605. DESCRIPTION: This archive contains the stable isotopic data sets published Curry and Oppo (2005). The data sets are stable isotopic analyses and associated data for benthic foraminifera in late Holocene and glacial age sediments of the Atlantic Ocean. The data files are: Western Holocene (first published in Curry and Oppo, 2005) Western glacial (first published in Curry and Oppo, 2005) Note that the data sets include some water depths of 0 m for the Holocene and 120 m for the glacial. The isotopic values for these water depths come from planktonic foraminiferal stable isotope records from which values for surface waters were estimated. In Curry and Oppo (2005), the glacial data were plotted after subtracting 120 m for sea level changes. The glacial surface values were thus plotted at 0 m (120 - 120). Some corrections to the published Curry and Oppo (2005) data set have been made in the western basin files and are itemized here: 1) Core listed as RC16-83 changed to RC16-84 2) Core listed as V29-253 changed to V24-253 3) Water depth of RC16-119 changed from 1507 to 1567 4) Sources for ODP927 (Bickert et al. 1996) 5) M35003 (Zahn and Stuber, 2002) incorrectly omitted from Table 2 of Curry and Oppo (2005). It was included in the original analysis and figures. 6) RC15-159 was omitted from Table 1 of Curry and Oppo (2005). The Holocene 13C value for this site was used in the supplementary figure included with the auxiliary material for the paper (also archived at ftp://ftp.agu.org/apend/pa/2004PA001021/2004PA001021-S1.eps). Source References: Berger, W. H., J. S. Killingley, C. V. Metzler, E. Vincent. 1985. Two-Step Deglaciation: 14CDated High Resolution d18O Records from the Tropical Atlantic Ocean. Quaternary Research, 23, 258-271. Bickert, T. and A. Mackensen. 2003. Last glacial to Holocene changes in South Atlantic deep water circulation, in Wefer, G., S. Mulitza, and V. Ratmeyer (Eds.), The South Atlantic in the late Quaternary: Reconstruction of Material Budgets and Current Systems. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo, pp. 671-695. Bickert, T., W. B. Curry, and G. Wefer. 1997. Late Pliocene to Holocene (2.6-0 Ma) western equatorial Atlantic deep-water circulation: inferences from stable isotopes, in Shackleton, N.J., W. B. Curry, C. Richter, and T. J. Bralower (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results 154, 239-253. Boyle, E. A., and L. D. Keigwin. 1986. Comparison of Atlantic and Pacific paleochemical records for the last 215,000 years: changes in deep ocean circulation and chemical inventories. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 76, 135-150. Boyle, E. A., and L. D. Keigwin. 1987. North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the past 20,000 years linked to high-latitude surface temperature. Nature, 330, 35-40. Charles, C. D., and R. G. Fairbanks. 1992. Evidence from Southern Ocean sediments for the effect of North Atlantic Deep-Water flux on climate. Nature, 355, 416-419. Curry, W. B.. 1996. Late Quaternary deep circulation in the western equatorial Atlantic, in The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation, edited by G. Wefer, W. H. Berger, G. Siedler, and D. Webb, Springer-Verlag, New York. Curry, W.B., J.C. Duplessy, L.D. Labeyrie, and N.J. Shackleton. 1988. Changes in the distribution of d13C of deep water dCO2 between the last glaciation and the Holocene, Paleoceanography 3, 317-341. Curry, W.B., T.M. Marchitto, J.F. McManus, D.W. Oppo, and K.L. Laarkamp. 1999. Millennial-scale changes in ventilation of the thermocline, intermediate and deep waters of the glacial North Atlantic, in Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, Geophysical Monograph 112, 59-76. Curry, W. B. and D.W. Oppo. 2005. Glacial water mass geometry and the distribution of d13C of dCO2 in the western Atlantic Ocean. Paleoceanography, doi:10.1029/2004PA001021. Duplessy, J.-C., World data Center-A, Boulder, Colorado (cited in data tables as Duplessy_WDCA, data downloaded from the archive). Keigwin, L. D., 2004. Radiocarbon and stable isotope constraints on Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas ventilation in the western North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 19, PA4012, doi:10.1029/2004PA001029. Lynch-Stiegltiz, J., W.B. Curry, D.W. Oppo, U.N. Ninnemann, C.D. Charles, and J. Munson. 2006. Meridional overturning circulation in the South Atlantic at the last glacial maximum. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems: Theme on Past Ocean Circulation. v. 7, Q10N03, doi:10.1029/2005GC001226. Mackensen, A., M. Rudolph, and G. Kuhn. 2001. Late Pleistocene deep-water circulation in the subantarctic eastern Atlantic. Global and Planetary Change, 30, 197-229. Millo, C., M. Sarnthein, H. Erlenkeuser, T. Frederichs. 2005. Methane-Driven Late Pleistocene d13C Minima and Overflow Reversals in the S.W. Greenland Sea. Geology, 33(11), 873-876, doi:10.1130/G21790.1 Ninnemann, U. S. and C. D. Charles, 2002. Changes in the mode of Southern Ocean circulation over the last glacial cycle revealed by foraminiferal stable isotope variability. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 201, 383-396. Oppo, D. W., and R. G. Fairbanks. 1987. Variability in the deep and intermediate water circulation of the Atlantic during the past 25,000 years: Northern Hemisphere modulation of the Southern Ocean. Earth Planet Sci. Lett., 86, 1-15. Oppo, D. W. and M. Horowitz. 2000. Glacial deep water geometry: South Atlantic benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and d13C evidence. Paleoceanography 15, 147-160. Oppo, D. W., and S. J. Lehman. 1993. Mid-Depth circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum. Science, 259, 1148-1152. Oppo, D. W., M. Horowitz, and S. J. Lehman. 1997. Marine core evidence for reduced deep water production during Termination II followed by a relatively stable substage 5e (Eemian). Paleoceanography 12, 51-63. Sarnthein, M., K. Winn, S.J.A. Jung, J.-C. Duplessy, L. Labeyrie, H. Erlenkeuser, and G. Ganssen. 1994. Changes in east Atlantic deep water circulation over the last 30,000 years: Eight time slice reconstructions. Paleoceanography, 9, 209-269. Sarnthein, M., K. Stattegger, D. Dreger, H. Erlenkeuser, P.M. Grootes, B. J. Haupt, S. Jung, T. Kiefer, W. Kuhnt, U. Pflaumann, C. Schäfer-Neth, H. Schulz, M. Schulz, D. Seidov, J. Simstich, S. A. van Kreveld, E. Vogelsang, A. Völker, M. Weinelt. 2001. Fundamental modes and abrupt changes in North Atlantic circulation and climate over the last 60 ky - concepts, reconstruction and numerical modeling, In: Schäfer, W; Ritzrau, M; Schlüter & J. Thiede (eds) The Northern North Atlantic: A Changing Environment, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 500 pp, 365-410. Schönfeld, J., R. Zahn, L. de Abreu. 2003. Surface to deep water response to rapid climate changes at the western Iberian Margin. Global and Planetary Change, 36(4), 237-264, doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(02)00197-2. Slowey, N.C. and W.B. Curry. 1995. Glacial-interglacial differences in circulation and carbon cycling within the upper western Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 10, 715-732. Thomson, J., S. Nixon, C.P. Summerhayes, E. Rohling, J. Schönfeld, R. Zahn, P.M. Grootes, F. Abrantes, L. Gaspar, S.A. van Kreveld, M. Sarnthein, H. Erlenkeuser, P. M. Grootes, S. Jung, U. Pflaumann, and A. Voelker. 2000. Potential links between surging ice sheets, circulation changes, and the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the Irminger Sea, 60-18 kyr. Paleoceanography, 15(4), 425-442, doi:10.1029/1999PA000464. van Kreveld, S. A., M. Sarnthein, H. Erlenkeuser, P. M. Grootes, S. Jung, U. Pflaumann, A. Voelker. 2000. Potential links between surging ice sheets, circulation changes, and the Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles in the Irminger Sea, 60-18 kyr. Paleoceanography, 15(4), 425-442, doi:10.1029/1999PA000464. Vaqueiro, S. 2000. Enhanced productivity on the Iberian Margin during glacial/interglacial transitions revealed by barium and diatoms, Geological Society of London, 157, 667-677. Voelker, A. 1999. Zur Deutung der Dansgaard-Oeschger Ereignisse in ultra-hochauflösenden Sedimentprofilen aus dem Europäischen Nordmeer. Berichte-Reports, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, 9, 278 pp. Zahn, R. and A. Stuber. 2002. Suborbital intermediate water variability inferred from paired benthic foraminiferal Cd/Ca and ?13C in the tropical west Atlantic and linking with North Atlantic climate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 200, 191-205. Zahn, R., J. Schonfeld, H.-R. Kudrass, M.-H. Park, H. Erlenkeuser, and P. Grootes. 1997. Thermohaline instability in the North Atlantic during meltwater events: Stable isotope and ice-rafted detritus records from core SO75-26KL, Portuguese margin. Paleoceanography, 12, 696-710. DATA: 1. Western Atlantic Glacial stable isotope data Column 1: latitude (positive values are north) Column 2: longitude (positive values are east) Column 3: water depth (m) Column 4: d13C (VPDB) for Cibicidoides sp. Column 5: d18O (VPDB) for Cibicidoides sp. Column 6: Core identifier Column 7: Source Latitude Longitude Depth d13C d18O Core Source 60 -30 120 1.5 4.5 Assigned Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) 60.38 -20.97 2658 0.5 4.4 V29-202 Oppo_et_al_(1997 61.18 -23.02 1869 1.4 4.5 V29-204 Curry_et_al_(1999) 61.42 -24.11 1653 1.5 4.5 E9302-14JPC Oppo_et_al_(1997) 58.73 -15.57 1139 1.4 4 V29-198 Oppo_and_Lehmann_(1993) 64.78 -29.57 1855 1.4 4.5 V28-14 Curry_et_al_(1988) 57.18 -20.87 2063 1.2 4.1 V28-73 Oppo_and_Lehmann_(1993) 41.71 -33.85 3427 0.5 4.4 CHN82-4 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1985/86) 43.5 -29.87 3020 0.7 4.3 CHN82-20 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1985/86) 43.37 -28.23 2151 1.2 4 CHN82-15 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1987) 56.05 -23.23 2311 0.9 4.1 DSDP552 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 55.26 -26.73 3331 0.6 4.5 M17049 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 56.16 -31.99 2295 0.8 4.5 M17051 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 55.47 -27.89 2795 0.5 4.4 M17050 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 12.09 -61.24 1299 1.2 3.8 M35003 Zahn_and_Stuber_(2002) 10.01 -56.01 3820 -0.2 4.6 CH75-04 Curry_et_al_(1988) 10.05 -57.53 3410 0.1 4.7 CH75-03 Curry_et_al_(1988) 35.27 -29.25 3225 0.1 4.4 CH74-227 Curry_et_al_(1988) 1.37 -33.48 3824 0.1 4.3 V25-59 Curry_et_al_(1988) 36.05 -72.38 3942 0.2 4.1 V26-176 Curry_et_al_(1988) 33.67 -57.62 4450 -0.3 4 EN120-1GGC Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1987) 16.52 -78.81 1750 1.2 3.5 KNR64-5 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1987) 11.93 -78.68 1750 1.2 3.9 V28-122 Oppo_and_Fairbanks_(1987) 11.65 -80.13 1750 1.3 4.1 V28-127 Oppo_and_Fairbanks_(1987) 5.91 -44.2 4056 0 4.5 EW9209-1JPC Curry_(1996) 5.64 -44.47 3528 0.1 4.5 EW9209-2JPC Curry_(1996) 5.31 -44.26 3288 0.3 4.4 EW9209-3JPC Curry_(1996) 4.21 -43.49 3041 0.3 4.3 ODP925 Bickert_et_al_(1997) 3.72 -42.71 3598 0.2 4.3 ODP926 Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) 5.46 -44.48 3315 0.3 4.4 ODP927 Bickert_et_al_(1997) 5.46 -43.75 4012 0.1 4.3 ODP928 Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) 5.98 -43.74 4358 0.1 4.3 ODP929 Bickert_et_al_(1997) 26.2 -78 120 2.5 0.75 Assigned Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) 26.26 -77.67 423 2.3 2.1 OCE205-149JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 25.98 -78.18 654 1.9 2.9 OCE205-106GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 25.98 -78.18 743 1.8 3.3 OCE205-108GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.22 -77.67 783 1.7 3.3 OCE205-33GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.07 -78.07 965 1.5 3.9 OCE205-103GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.06 -78.03 1057 1.5 3.9 OCE205-100GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.94 -77.85 1183 1.5 4.1 OCE205-97JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.14 -77.73 1320 1.5 3.8 OCE205-7JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.03 -77.88 1535 1.5 4.4 OCE205-117JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 32.99 -76.41 900 1.5 3.8 KNR140-63JPC Keigwin_(2004) 32.94 -76.3 1400 1.3 4.1 KNR140-56GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.78 -76.12 1790 1.2 4.1 KNR140-51GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.75 -76.24 1903 1.1 4.3 KNR140-50GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.74 -76.13 2101 1.2 4.1 KNR140-64GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.74 -76.13 2102 1.5 4.1 KNR140-67JPC Keigwin_(2004) 32.23 -76.29 2394 0.4 4.2 KNR140-2JPC Keigwin_(2004) 32.02 -76.07 2590 0.9 4.5 KNR140-43GGC Keigwin_(2004) 31.69 -75.43 2972 0.4 4.5 KNR140-37JPC Keigwin_(2004) 31.67 -75.42 2975 0.3 4.4 KNR140-39GGC Keigwin_(2004) 29.7 -73.4 3845 -0.2 4.3 KNR140-26GGC Keigwin_(2004) 30.1 -73.84 4211 -0.5 4.4 KNR140-28GGC Keigwin_(2004) 29.08 -72.9 4250 -0.5 4.5 KNR140-12JPC Keigwin_(2004) 28.03 -74.41 4712 -0.3 4.5 KNR140-22JPC Keigwin_(2004) -26.5 -45 120 1.85 0.9 Gruber Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.37 -46.84 790 0.9 3.5 KNR159-99GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -22.52 -39.9 1890 0.9 4.5 CAM Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.7 -46.52 1567 0.9 4.2 RC16-119 Oppo_and_Horowitz_(2000) -26.7 -43.33 2438 0.6 4.4 RC16-84 Oppo_and_Horowitz_(2000) -26.95 -44.68 2069 0.6 4.4 V24-253 Oppo_and_Horowitz_(2000) -27.35 -46.63 1108 0.4 4.3 KNR159-105JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.48 -45.93 630 1 3.6 KNR159-10GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.87 -45.7 2843 0.2 4.7 KNR159-112GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.69 -46.34 462 1.3 3.3 KNR159-136GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.7 -46.49 1627 1 4.2 KNR159-17JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.64 -45.54 2951 0.2 4.6 KNR159-20JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.27 -46.47 1268 0.5 4.2 KNR159-36GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.89 -46.04 1128 0.5 4.5 KNR159-73GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.35 -46.63 1105 0.6 4.4 KNR159-90GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.68 -46.5 441 1.2 3.2 KNR159-14GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.87 -45.68 2837 -0.2 4.6 KNR159-113JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.74 -45.53 3021 0.2 4.7 KNR159-115GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.69 -46.34 462 1.3 3.4 KNR159-137JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.56 -46.19 2082 0.8 4.5 KNR159-33GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.56 -46.19 2082 0.7 4.5 KNR159-34JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.25 -46.63 938 0.8 3.8 KNR159-37GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.27 -46.63 936 0.7 3.9 KNR159-38JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.76 -46.63 2296 0.5 4.6 KNR159-42JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.39 -45.69 898 0.6 4.2 KNR159-153JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -41 -999 120 0.4 3.8 Assigned Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -42 1 1335 0.4 3.8 TN057-20 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -41.6 9.8 4718 -0.9 4.1 RC11-83 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -42 1 1335 0.4 3.8 TN057-20 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -46.1 -13.22 2714 -1 4 RC15-93 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -51.9 4.52 3744 -0.8 4.2 TN057-15 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -42.98 -20.85 3762 -0.8 4.1 RC15-94 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -43.18 -3.25 4171 -0.8 4.2 V22-108 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 -41.13 7.82 4981 -0.8 4.3 TN057-21 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002 2. Western Atlantic Holocene stable isotope data Column 1: latitude (positive values are north) Column 2: longitude (positive values are east) Column 3: water depth (m) Column 4: d13C (VPDB) for Cibicidoides sp. Column 5: d18O (VPDB) for Cibicidoides sp. Column 6: Core identifier Column 7: Source Latitude Longitude Depth d13C d18O Core Source 58.73 -15.57 0 1.1 2.3 V29-198(Assigned)Curry_Oppo_(2005) 60.38 -20.97 2658 0.8 2.9 V29-202 Oppo_et_al_(1997) 61.18 -23.02 1869 1.3 2.8 V29-204 Curry_et_al_(1999) 58.73 -15.57 1139 1.1 2.3 V29-198 Oppo_and_Lehmann_(1993) 64.78 -29.57 1855 0.9 2.5 V28-14 Curry_et_al_(1988) 57.18 -20.87 2063 1.2 2.8 V28-73 Oppo_and_Lehmann_(1993) 41.71 -33.85 3427 1.3 2.6 CHN82-4 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1985/86) 43.5 -29.87 3020 1.3 2.5 CHN82-20 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1985/86) 43.37 -28.23 2151 1.1 2.6 CHN82-15 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1987) 55.26 -26.73 3331 0.7 2.6 M17049 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 56.16 -31.99 2295 1 2.6 M17051 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 55.47 -27.89 2795 0.5 2.6 M17050 Sarnthein_et_al_(1994) 12.09 -61.24 1299 0.9 2.2 M35003 Zahn_and_Stuber_(2002) 10.01 -56.01 3820 0.9 2.8 CH75-04 Curry_et_al_(1988) 10.05 -57.53 3410 0.9 2.9 CH75-03 Curry_et_al_(1988) 1.37 -33.48 3824 1 2.7 V25-59 Curry_et_al_(1988) 36.05 -72.38 3942 1.1 2.5 V26-176 Curry_et_al_(1988) 33.67 -57.62 4450 0.3 2.4 EN120-1GGC Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1987) 16.52 -78.81 1750 1 2.4 KNR64-5 Boyle_and_Keigwin_(1987) 11.93 -78.68 1750 0.8 2.3 V28-122 Oppo_and_Fairbanks_(1987) 11.65 -80.13 1750 0.9 2.4 V28-127 Oppo_and_Fairbanks_(1987) 5.91 -44.2 4056 0.5 2.6 EW9209-1JPC Curry_(1996) 5.64 -44.47 3528 1.4 2.5 EW9209-2JPC Curry_(1996) 5.31 -44.26 3288 0.9 2.6 EW9209-3JPC Curry_(1996) 4.21 -43.49 3041 1.4 2.6 ODP925 Bickert_et_al_(1997) 3.72 -42.71 3598 1.2 2.7 ODP926 Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) 5.46 -44.48 3315 0.5 2.6 ODP927 Bickert_et_al_(1997) 5.46 -43.75 4012 1.2 2.7 ODP928 Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) 5.98 -43.74 4358 0.2 2.8 ODP929 Bickert_et_al_(1997) 26.26 -77.67 423 1.7 0.5 OCE205-149JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 25.98 -78.18 654 1.3 1.3 OCE205-106GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 25.98 -78.18 743 1.2 1.6 OCE205-108GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.22 -77.67 783 1.2 1.6 OCE205-33GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.07 -78.07 0 2.2 -1.3 Gsacculifer Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.07 -78.07 965 1.3 2.2 OCE205-103GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.06 -78.03 1057 1.5 2.4 OCE205-100GGC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.94 -77.85 1183 1.3 2.4 OCE205-97JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.14 -77.73 1320 1.3 2.8 OCE205-7JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 26.03 -77.88 1535 1.4 2.4 OCE205-117JPC Slowey_and_Curry_(1995) 32.94 -76.55 775 0.7 2.1 KNR140-68GGC Keigwin_(2004) 33 -76.36 1005 1.2 2.7 KNR140-61GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.98 -76.32 1205 1.2 2.6 KNR140-59GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.99 -76.41 900 1 2.2 KNR140-63JPC Keigwin_(2004) 32.94 -76.3 1400 0.8 2.6 KNR140-56GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.93 -76.28 1495 0.8 2.3 KNR140-54GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.93 -76.25 1605 1.1 2.6 KNR140-53GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.78 -76.12 1790 0.9 2.5 KNR140-51GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.75 -76.24 1903 0.5 2.4 KNR140-50GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.5 -76.29 2155 1 2.5 KNR140-66GGC Keigwin_(2004) 32.38 -76.38 2243 1 2.2 KNR140-1JPC Keigwin_(2004) 32.02 -76.07 2590 1.1 2.6 KNR140-43GGC Keigwin_(2004) 31.69 -75.43 2972 0.9 2.8 KNR140-37JPC Keigwin_(2004) 31.67 -75.42 2975 1.4 2.7 KNR140-39GGC Keigwin_(2004) 31.36 -75.06 3007 1.1 2.7 KNR140-36JPC Keigwin_(2004) 30.73 -74.47 3433 0.5 2.4 KNR140-30GGC Keigwin_(2004) 30.8 -74.8 3615 0.3 2.5 KNR140-32GGC Keigwin_(2004) 30.02 -73.6 3978 1 2.4 KNR140-29GGC Keigwin_(2004) 30.1 -73.84 4211 0.4 2.4 KNR140-28GGC Keigwin_(2004) 28.02 -74.41 4712 1.2 2.7 KNR140-22JPC Keigwin_(2004) -26.5 -45 0 2 -0.8 Gruber Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.37 -46.84 790 1.5 2.2 KNR159-99GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -22.52 -39.9 1890 1.2 2.4 CAM Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.77 -46.43 1796 1.2 2.6 KNR159-MC130A Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.7 -46.5 1604 1.1 2.5 KNR159-MC15D Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.56 -46.18 2096 1.2 2.6 KNR159-MC32H Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.25 -46.47 1253 1.1 2.5 KNR159-MC35E Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.49 -46.34 1823 1 2.5 KNR159-MC75EF Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.7 -46.52 1567 1 2.4 RC16-119 Oppo_and_Horowitz_(2000) -26.7 -43.33 2438 1.4 2.5 RC16-84 Oppo_and_Horowitz_(2000) -26.95 -44.68 2069 1.3 2.5 V24-253 Oppo_and_Horowitz_(2000) -27.35 -46.63 1108 1.1 2.3 KNR159-105JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.48 -45.93 630 1.6 1.9 KNR159-10GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.87 -45.7 2843 1.3 2.7 KNR159-112GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.69 -46.34 462 1.6 1.5 KNR159-136GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.7 -46.49 1627 0.9 2.8 KNR159-17JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.64 -45.54 2951 1.1 2.7 KNR159-20JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.27 -46.47 1268 1.2 2.5 KNR159-36GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.89 -46.04 1128 1.3 2.6 KNR159-73GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.35 -46.63 1105 1.3 2.5 KNR159-90GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -26.68 -46.5 441 1.4 1.4 KNR159-14GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.87 -45.68 2837 1 3.1 KNR159-113JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -28.74 -45.53 3021 1.2 2.8 KNR159-115GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.56 -46.19 2082 1.1 2.4 KNR159-33GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.56 -46.19 2082 1.2 2.5 KNR159-34JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.25 -46.63 938 1.4 2.5 KNR159-37GGC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.27 -46.63 936 1.4 2.3 KNR159-38JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -27.76 -46.63 2296 1.3 2.5 KNR159-42JPC Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -11 -36.78 499 1.6 1.4 RC15-159 Curry_and_Oppo_(2005) -42 1 0 0.6 2.4 TN057-20(surface)Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) -41.6 9.8 4718 0.2 2.3 RC11-83 Charles_and_Fairbanks_(1992) -42 1 1335 0.6 2.4 TN057-20 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) -46.1 -13.22 2714 0.3 2.5 RC15-93 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) -51.9 4.52 3744 0 2.8 TN057-15 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) -42.98 -20.85 3762 -0.2 2.4 RC15-94 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) -43.18 -3.25 4171 0.1 2.4 V22-108 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) -41.13 7.82 4981 0.3 2.6 TN057-21 Ninnemann_and_Charles_(2002) 3. Core Location Information Westward W120A & Cramer C125A Bahamas Cruise Oceanus 205-2 2-20 December 1988 Shipek Grab Samples Collected by Pat Lohmann Water depth Corrected (from Sedcore 2000, DRO 15 February 2005) 15 January 1992 Core Latitude Longitude Water Core Type Latitude Longitude Water Core Deg/Min (N)Deg/Min (W)Depth (m) (deg/min) (deg/min) Depth (mLength(m) W120A-28SG 26 35.53 77 55.36 27.7 OCE205-2-2GGC GGC 26 10.50 77 39.05 708 15 W120A-27SG 26 35.51 77 55.48 48.7 OCE205-2-4JPC JPC 26 10.33 77 30.05 714 133 W120A-26SG 26 35.46 77 55.57 52.5 OCE205-2-4PG PG 26 10.33 77 30.05 714 31 W120A-24SG 26 35.43 77 55.73 129.0 OCE205-2-6JPC JPC 26 10.16 77 38.41 698 290 W120A-23SG 26 35.33 77 55.92 168.7 OCE205-2-7JPC JPC 26 08.19 77 44.12 1320 595 W120A-21SG 26 35.32 77 56.20 198.7 OCE205-2-7PG PG 26 08.19 77 44.12 1320 63 W120A-20SG 26 35.27 77 56.35 217.5 OCE205-2-9JPC JPC 26 06.95 77 45.37 1529 297 W120A-18SG 26 34.15 77 58.30 281.0 OCE205-2-9PG PG 26 06.95 77 45.37 1529 86 W120A-19SG 26 34.75 77 57.20 281.0 OCE205-2-12GGC GGC 26 10.17 77 42.30 1151 49 W120A-17SG 26 34.92 77 57.35 298.0 OCE205-2-15PC PC 26 19.87 77 48.73 934 260 W120A-16SG 26 34.15 77 57.98 322.0 OCE205-2-15PG PG 26 19.87 77 48.73 934 85 W120A-15SG 26 34.20 77 58.07 333.8 OCE205-2-17PC PC 26 19.92 77 48.81 935 447 W120A-14SG 26 34.15 77 58.14 342.8 OCE205-2-17PG PG 26 19.92 77 48.81 935 99 W120A-13SG 26 34.10 77 58.20 352.5 OCE205-2-19PC PC 26 06.42 77 45.04 1583 273 W120A-12SG 26 33.96 77 58.23 367.5 OCE205-2-19PG PG 26 06.42 77 45.04 1583 69 W120A-11SG 26 33.79 77 58.20 378.8 OCE205-2-20GGC GGC 26 07.04 77 44.14 1465 54 W120A-10SG 26 33.80 77 58.26 382.5 OCE205-2-21PC PC 26 07.10 77 44.20 1468 607 W120A-9SG 26 33.74 77 58.26 386.3 OCE205-2-21PG PG 26 07.10 77 44.20 1468 5 W120A-8SG 26 33.56 77 58.50 393.8 OCE205-2-22GGC GGC 26 09.42 77 43.16 1227 50 W120A-7SG 26 33.55 77 58.36 405.0 OCE205-2-23PC PC 26 09.63 77 43.14 1222 754 W120A-6SG 26 33.39 77 58.39 412.5 OCE205-2-23PG PG 26 09.63 77 43.14 1222 105 W120A-5SG 26 33.18 77 58.43 450.0 OCE205-2-24GGC GGC 26 11.29 77 42.25 1043 35 W120A-4SG 26 32.72 77 58.46 585.0 OCE205-2-25PC PC 26 11.00 77 42.26 1034 435 W120A-3SG 26 32.40 77 58.47 652.5 OCE205-2-28GGC GGC 26 10.60 77 42.65 1143 40 OCE205-2-29PC PC 26 10.59 77 42.67 1149 709 C125A-6SG 24 32.3 83 19.3 60.0 OCE205-2-29PG PG 26 10.59 77 42.67 1149 57 C125A-7SG 24 29.6 83 17.2 100.0 OCE205-2-31GGC GGC 26 11.01 77 39.00 693 24 C125A-8SG 24 27.4 83 17.9 161.0 OCE205-2-32PC PC 26 11.05 77 38.93 683 590 C125A-9SG 24 26.3 83 17.6 206.0 OCE205-2-33GGC GGC 26 13.26 77 41.47 783 225 C125A-10SG 24 25.3 83 18.2 267.0 OCE205-2-34PC PC 26 13.29 77 41.43 769 763 C125A-11SG 24 24.2 83 18.6 304.0 OCE205-2-34PG PG 26 13.29 77 41.43 769 81 C125A-12SG 24 23.0 83 18.7 364.0 OCE205-2-35GGC GGC 26 13.47 77 42.25 991 43 C125A-13SG 24 22.4 83 18.9 418.0 OCE205-2-36PC PC 26 13.59 77 42.44 900 762 C125A-14SG 24 21.4 83 18.9 480.0 OCE205-2-36PG PG 26 13.59 77 42.44 900 102 C125A-15SG 24 20.9 83 18.5 530.0 OCE205-2-38GGC GGC 26 13.10 77 39.81 562 20 C125A-16SG 24 20.0 83 18.2 560.0 OCE205-2-41GGC GGC 26 13.66 77 40.39 599 43 C125A-17SG 24 27.0 83 28.0 662.0 OCE205-2-42PC PC 26 13.95 77 40.64 593 558 OCE205-2-43GGC GGC 26 15.03 77 40.65 479 29 OCE205-2-45GGC GGC 26 15.59 77 42.22 578 7 OCE205-2-46PC PC 26 15.77 77 42.23 570 205 OCE205-2-48BC BC 26 14.22 77 41.05 595 24 OCE205-2-50BC BC 26 13.48 77 41.81 817 38 OCE205-2-51BC BC 26 13.55 77 42.11 830 30 OCE205-2-52BC BC 26 14.21 77 41.54 668 30 OCE205-2-53BC BC 26 11.57 77 42.55 1038 24 OCE205-2-54BC BC 26 11.69 77 42.46 1043 21 OCE205-2-55BC BC 26 10.11 77 42.45 1140 30 OCE205-2-58BC BC 26 09.89 77 43.32 1237 23 OCE205-2-59BC BC 26 09.98 77 44.45 1477 32 OCE205-2-60BC BC 26 08.53 77 44.11 1312 27 OCE205-2-62PC BC 26 07.45 77 44.81 1586 814 OCE205-2-62PG PG 26 07.45 77 44.81 1586 122 OCE205-2-66GGC GGC 26 09.24 77 44.47 1405 8 OCE205-2-67BC BC 26 09.25 77 44.40 1392 32 OCE205-2-68BC BC 26 10.72 77 43.36 1203 30 OCE205-2-69BC BC 26 13.69 77 41.49 735 33 OCE205-2-70BC BC 26 13.35 77 42.16 876 32 OCE205-2-72BC BC 26 13.49 77 42.71 908 41 OCE205-2-75GGC GGC 26 14.00 77 39.97 545 145 OCE205-2-76BC BC 26 13.93 77 39.89 529 41 OCE205-2-93GGC GGC 25 56.50 77 49.60 1284 225 OCE205-2-94JPC JPC 25 56.56 77 49.56 1249 614 OCE205-2-96GGC GGC 25 55.96 77 50.68 1172 125 OCE205-2-97JPC JPC 25 56.21 77 51.22 1183 263 OCE205-2-97PG PG 25 56.21 77 51.22 1183 26 OCE205-2-98GGC GGC 25 58.48 78 01.26 865 272 OCE205-2-99JPC JPC 25 58.97 78 01.16 912 373 OCE205-2-99PG PG 25 58.97 78 01.16 912 107 OCE205-2-100GGC GGC 26 03.67 78 01.66 1057 288 OCE205-2-101JPC JPC 26 03.82 78 01.33 1076 636 OCE205-2-101PG PG 26 03.82 78 01.33 1076 100 OCE205-2-103GGC GGC 26 04.22 78 03.37 965 284 OCE205-2-104JPC JPC 26 04.33 78 03.66 976 285 OCE205-2-104PG PG 26 04.33 78 03.66 976 103 OCE205-2-106GGC GGC 25 58.60 78 10.86 654 209 OCE205-2-107JPC JPC 25 58.74 78 10.68 679 223 OCE205-2-108GGC GGC 25 59.03 78 10.78 743 261 OCE205-2-109JPC JPC 25 59.11 78 10.87 737 821 OCE205-2-109PG PG 25 59.11 78 10.87 537 70 OCE205-2-110GGC GGC 25 56.90 78 14.73 535 32 OCE205-2-111GGC GGC 25 55.42 78 07.36 516 46 OCE205-2-112JPC JPC 25 55.35 78 07.60 513 404 OCE205-2-112PG PG 25 55.35 78 07.60 513 25 OCE205-2-114GGC GGC 25 54.37 78 06.58 463 7 OCE205-2-116GGC GGC 26 02.00 77 52.49 1534 229 OCE205-2-117JPC JPC 26 02.01 77 52.67 1535 703 OCE205-2-117PG PG 26 02.01 77 52.67 1535 60 OCE205-2-118GGC GGC 26 07.44 77 44.08 1451 52 OCE205-2-119JPC JPC 26 07.26 77 44.04 1464 227 OCE205-2-119PG PG 26 07.26 77 44.04 1464 36 OCE205-2-120JPC JPC 26 07.38 77 44.10 1466 643 OCE205-2-120PG PG 26 07.38 77 44.10 1466 72 OCE205-2-121GGC GGC 26 09.28 77 43.46 1253 51 OCE205-2-122JPC JPC 26 09.43 77 43.45 1263 55 OCE205-2-125SG SG 26 15.74 77 40.54 380 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-126SG SG 26 15.80 77 40.52 387 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-127SG SG 26 16.23 77 40.10 22 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-128SG SG 26 12.21 77 40.05 24 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-128SG SG 26 16.74 77 40.22 37 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-130SG SG 26 16.39 77 40.31 90 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-131SG SG 26 16.39 77 40.31 150* not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-132SG SG 26 16.40 77 40.31 117 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-133SG SG 26 16.40 77 40.31 132 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-134SG SG 26 16.40 77 40.31 220* not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-135SG SG 26 16.41 77 40.51 325* not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-136SG SG 26 16.60 77 40.66 280* not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-137SG SG 26 16.77 77 40.77 280 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-138SG SG 26 16.71 77 40.87 314 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-139SG SG 26 16.80 77 41.09 361 not in sedcore 2000 OCE205-2-140GGC GGC 26 12.01 77 42.03 964 45 OCE205-2-141JPC JPC 26 11.96 77 41.01 958 287 OCE205-2-141PG PG 26 11.96 77 41.01 958 44 OCE205-2-142JPC JPC 26 11.94 77 41.87 955 161 OCE205-2-142PG PG 26 11.94 77 41.87 955 91 OCE205-2-143GGC GGC 26 13.78 77 42.28 805 63 OCE205-2-144JPC JPC 26 13.78 77 42.31 833 551 OCE205-2-144PG PG 26 13.78 77 42.31 833 47 OCE205-2-145GGC GGC 26 12.98 77 39.59 539 18 OCE205-2-146JPC JPC 26 12.99 77 39.60 542 249 OCE205-2-146PG PG 26 12.99 77 30.60 542 8 OCE205-2-148GGC GGC 26 15.57 77 40.29 434 168 OCE205-2-151GGC GGC 26 13.82 77 40.34 687 40 OCE205-2-152JPC JPC 26 13.60 77 40.25 577 587 OCE205-2-152PG PG 26 13.60 77 40.25 577 20 OCE205-2-153GGC GGC 26 11.69 77 42.56 1039 43 OCE205-2-154JPC JPC 26 11.56 77 42.52 1044 495 GGC=Giant Gravity Core : PC= Piston Core : JPC= Jumbo Piston Core : PG= Pilot Gravity Core : BC= Box Core : SG= Shipek Grab * from 12 kHz assuming that SG recovered immediately after hitting seafloor