Cariaco Basin Younger Dryas Chlorin Steryl Ester Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Cariaco Basin Younger Dryas Chlorin Steryl Ester Data LAST UPDATE: 5/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Kristina Dahl, University of California, San Diego. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-048 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Dahl, K.A., et al. 2006. Cariaco Basin Younger Dryas Chlorin Steryl Ester Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-048. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Dahl, K.A., D.J. Repeta, and R. Goericke. 2004. Reconstructing the phytoplankton community of the Cariaco Basin during the Younger Dryas cold event using chlorin steryl esters. Paleoceanography, Vol. 19, No. 1, PA1006, 10.1029/2003PA000907. ABSTRACT: A record of the downcore distribution of chlorin steryl esters (CSEs) through the Younger Dryas was produced from Cariaco Basin sediments in order to assess the potential use of CSEs as recorders of the structure of phytoplankton communities through time. Using an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for the separation of CSEs, we find significant changes in the distribution of CSEs during the Younger Dryas in the Cariaco Basin. During the Younger Dryas, enhanced upwelling in the Cariaco Basin caused an increase in the diatom population and therefore an increase in the relative abundance of CSEs derived from diatoms. In contrast, the dinoflagellate population, and therefore CSEs derived from dinoflagellates, decreased in response to the climate change during the Younger Dryas. These community shifts agree well with the shifts observed in the present day on a seasonal basis that result from the north- south migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone over the Cariaco Basin. We also identify changes in the abundance of several CSEs that seem to reflect rapid warming and cooling events. This study suggests that CSEs are useful proxies for reconstructing phytoplankton communities and paleoenvironments. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Cariaco Basin, Caribbean Sea PERIOD OF RECORD: 15 - 10 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCES: National Science Foundation (USA) Chemical Oceanography Division, and a WHOI Watson Fellowship (to KAD). DESCRIPTION: These data are the percentages of individual chlorin steryl esters (CSEs) relative to the total CSE concentration. The percentages were determined by integration of HPLC chromatograms using HP Chemstatio software. Core PL07-56PC: 10deg. 41'N, 64 deg. 58'W, 810m. depth. DATA: 1. CSE Types Table 1. Identification of CSE Sterols *a Peak CSE Sterol Structure *b Precursor MW Basis*c Reference 1 24-norcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (2B) dinoflagellates 887 G,L Goad and Withers [1982] Leblond and Chapman [2002] 2 27-nor-24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (2I) dinoflagellates 901 L Goad and Withers [1982] Mansour et al. [1999] 3 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3b-ol (2F) diatoms 915 L Barrett et al. [1995, and references therein], Volkman et al. [1998] 4 cholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (2B) diatoms, red algae *d 901 G,L Barrett et al. [1995] Ve´ron et al. [1998] Volkman et al. [1998] 5 24-methylene-cholest-5-en-3b-ol (2F) many 915 L Goad [1978, and references therein] 6 24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (2D) diatoms, chryptophytes, coccolithophorids 915 G, L Volkman et al. [1998] Leblond and Chapman [2002] 7 cholest-5-en-3b-ol (2A) zooplankton, phytoplankton 903 G,L Volkman [1986] 8 23,24-dimethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (2J) diatoms, dinoflagellates 929 L Volkman et al. [1993] Leblond and Chapman [2002] 24-ethylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol (2G) haptophytes, green and golden algae, diatoms Volkman et al. [1998] Ve´ron et al. [1998] 24-ethylcholesta-5,24(28)E-dien-3b-ol (2K) haptophytes, prasinophytes Volkman et al. [1994] 9 24-methylcholest-5-en-3b-ol (2C) green algae 917 G,L Volkman [1986] Ve´ron et al. [1998] 10 24-ethylcholest-7-en-3b-ol (2aH) 931 L 24-ethylcholest-22-en-3b-ol (1G) 23,24-dimethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol (2K) green algae, prasinophytes, diatoms, dinoflagellates Volkman et al. [1998] Ve´ron et al. [1998] Volkman et al. [1984] Goad and Withers [1982] 23,24-dimethylcholest-22-en-3b-ol (1J) green algae, prasinophytes Volkman et al. [1998] 11 24-ethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol (2H) many 931 G,L Volkman et al. [1998] 12 24-ethylcholest-7-en-3b-ol (2aH) 931 L 24-ethylcholest-22-en-3b-ol (1G) 23,24-dimethylcholest-5-en-3b-ol (2K) green algae, prasinophytes, diatoms, dinoflagellates Volkman et al. [1998] Ve´ron et al. [1998] Volkman et al. [1984] Goad and Withers [1982] 23,24-dimethylcholesta-22-en-3b-ol (1J) green algae, prasinophytes Volkman et al. [1998] 13 4a,23,24-trimethylcholest-22E-en-3b-ol (3J) dinoflagellates 945 L Withers [1987] 4a,23,24-trimethylcholest-N-3b-ol *e dinoflagellates Volkman et al. [1998] 14 4a,23,24-trimethylcholest-22E-en-3b-ol (3J) dinoflagellates 945 L Withers [1987] 4a,23,24-trimethylcholest-N-3b-ol *d dinoflagellates Volkman et al. [1998] 15 23,24-dimethyl-5a(H)-cholestan-3b-ol (1L) dinoflagellates 933 L Volkman et al. [1998] 4a,24-dimethyl-5a-cholestan-3b-ol (3C) dinoflagellates Robinson et al. [1984] Withers [1987, and references therein] 16 4a,23,24-trimethyl-5a-cholestan-3b-ol (3L) dinoflagellates 947 L Talbot et al. [2000] Leblond and Chapman [2002] 17 unknown ND *a Sterol identifications for peaks shown in Figure 4. For peaks with uncertain sterol identities, all possible sterol identities, on the basis of molecular weight, are listed. These CSE sterols have not been firmly identified. *b Structure numbers refer to Figure 2. *c Basis refers to the methods used to identify the CSE sterol. L, LC-MS; G, GC-MS. *d The red algae that produce this sterol are generally not found in seawater [Volkman, 1986]. *e N indicates that the position of the double bond is unknown. 2. CSE percentages Cal.Age Depthcm cse1(%) cse2(%) cse1+2(%) cse3(%) cse4(%) cse3+4(%) cse5(%) cse6(%) cse7(%) cse8(%) cse9(%) cse10(%) cse11(%) cse10+11(%) cse12(%) cse13(%) cse14(%) cse15(%) 10658 300 2.8517 4.4792 7.3309 13.169 9.7887 22.958 3.3208 14.54 15.008 3.046 9.5616 7.5834 6.5468 14.13 3.0165 2.5071 2.6004 1.981 10998 310 2.8452 3.6525 6.4976 15.856 8.6479 24.504 1.9747 15.745 13.836 2.6106 9.86 6.7351 8.8594 15.595 3.3351 1.8854 1.8826 2.2747 11121 320 2.6173 5.1319 7.7492 12.362 10.826 23.188 3.1942 13.839 14.59 1.9849 9.8325 5.1295 8.2898 13.419 3.9479 3.0116 2.481 2.7623 11194 330 2.5176 4.0881 6.6057 15.341 7.5069 22.848 1.3806 15.101 12.56 2.4837 8.9711 11.745 7.3713 19.117 4.1969 2.4596 2.2192 2.0578 11248 340 2.3149 3.7814 6.0963 13.252 8.4761 21.728 2.4369 14.041 14.913 2.7292 9.7904 10.061 7.3849 17.445 3.2399 2.7419 2.9061 1.9317 11325 350 2.3954 5.1387 7.5341 8.64 13.963 22.603 2.5826 14.482 18.829 2.0163 10.015 3.2137 8.9168 12.131 2.8743 2.8816 2.045 2.0061 11443 360 2.5793 3.8215 6.4008 9.8864 14.313 24.199 2.4609 15.09 18.776 1.9105 8.6157 4.455 9.1987 13.654 1.7871 3.0162 2.3967 1.6934 11630 380 2.6802 4.3812 7.0613 11.053 18.013 29.066 2.5117 15.89 19.316 2.0399 7.5759 3.6607 7.6064 11.267 1.3502 1.5777 1.1136 1.23 11686 390 2.2285 2.8233 5.0518 14.207 15.31 29.517 2.3914 14.922 21.223 2.0711 7.5408 3.7239 8.0327 11.757 1.3633 1.7074 1.3195 1.1363 11734 400 2.3955 3.3498 5.7453 10.599 18.252 28.851 2.7304 13.963 19.521 2.0383 8.4578 3.0661 9.259 12.325 1.3801 2.0962 1.4759 1.4152 11796 410 2.439 3.5776 6.0166 8.7895 15.957 24.747 2.7483 15.041 17.405 2.2714 9.5851 4.058 10.346 14.404 2.0834 2.4596 1.5856 1.6539 11868 420 2.3121 3.6546 5.9667 11.352 14.69 26.042 2.5691 15.013 19.157 1.7134 8.3947 3.0358 11.306 14.342 1.5305 2.1294 1.5982 1.5444 11945 430 1.9712 3.4749 5.4461 12.278 17.321 29.599 2.3165 13.949 16.923 1.8308 10.104 3.3744 10.101 13.476 1.7305 1.9587 1.3868 1.2797 12101 450 2.1708 2.8429 5.0138 16.164 12.932 29.096 2.1338 13.558 19.15 1.8883 8.2325 4.726 10.176 14.902 1.3835 1.844 1.5973 1.2008 12149 460 2.3822 3.4333 5.8155 14.527 15.697 30.224 2.3724 14.095 19.409 1.695 7.9877 3.0016 8.7908 11.792 1.5856 2.1652 1.6034 1.2548 12206 470 2.4965 3.0833 5.5798 10.779 16.652 27.431 2.7399 11.858 23.838 2.2641 6.6436 3.9819 8.4787 12.461 1.527 2.4784 1.7019 1.4782 12276 480 2.4937 2.958 5.4516 11.583 13.965 25.548 2.4772 15.596 18.725 2.0835 8.158 5.1725 10.265 15.438 1.5702 1.9446 1.4966 1.5111 12334 490 2.0856 3.985 6.0705 10.09 18.198 28.288 2.4198 16.191 19.626 2.0774 6.4918 3.6194 9.7562 13.376 1.3045 1.7158 1.2326 1.2062 12381 500 2.3385 3.5256 5.8641 14.952 9.5659 24.518 2.6208 18.037 16.703 2.0142 7.8597 6.0227 9.5502 15.573 1.5081 2.035 1.7164 1.5506 12423 510 1.7229 3.7316 5.4546 15.919 11.546 27.465 1.9816 18.09 17.697 1.4122 8.0047 4.7438 10.095 14.838 1.3584 1.3238 1.2157 1.1584 12460 520 2.4259 3.5149 5.9408 15.98 10.359 26.338 2.3329 17.994 19.524 1.8997 7.052 5.2956 8.6251 13.921 1.2379 1.4712 1.0982 1.1897 12537 540 1.7232 3.5532 5.2764 19.998 8.8337 28.831 2.1761 17.15 15.431 1.9338 7.8668 4.4135 11.546 15.959 1.4681 1.4453 1.2297 1.2323 12802 560 1.6144 4.3433 5.9577 19.462 9.2116 28.674 2.1319 18.224 17.6 1.3869 6.6391 3.8469 10.417 14.264 1.4218 1.5842 1.1196 0.99667 12860 570 2.5252 3.3677 5.8929 20.141 10.375 30.516 2.7702 18.59 15.715 2.5102 7.0364 4.0019 7.1658 11.168 1.3286 1.8275 1.5612 1.0843 12938 580 2.6373 3.4046 6.0419 15.281 9.3098 24.591 2.7037 19.686 15.553 3.0186 7.9268 4.3284 9.5851 13.913 1.8329 1.8526 1.6938 1.1861 12984 590 2.8401 3.336 6.1761 13.977 8.8826 22.86 2.1032 19.405 15.113 2.3721 8.2887 5.1863 11.668 16.855 1.6997 1.9981 1.8583 1.2713 13032 600 2.6879 3.3367 6.0245 10.642 13.426 24.068 1.9089 18.069 16.47 3.2836 8.7015 5.6044 8.9647 14.569 1.9299 1.9881 1.8021 1.1845 13095 610 2.3909 3.7909 6.1818 11.633 14.339 25.972 2.5983 14.533 18.587 2.6729 8.2986 4.6407 10.292 14.933 1.8416 1.6837 1.57 1.1287 13175 620 2.8777 3.5877 6.4653 13.452 12.754 26.206 2.3643 15.784 18.279 2.9993 7.1477 5.6256 9.5736 15.199 1.3242 1.5073 1.6484 1.0749 13221 630 2.6227 4.2843 6.907 14.067 10.782 24.849 2.1761 18.679 15.662 2.6425 7.6553 5.6695 9.3066 14.976 1.6789 1.8214 1.8021 1.1506 13381 650 2.5143 3.8045 6.3188 13.346 11.408 24.754 2.4641 17.778 16.694 3.1658 6.7061 10.958 5.0899 16.048 1.8253 1.754 1.2967 1.1947 13646 670 3.0555 4.7392 7.7947 14.237 13.39 27.627 2.1571 16.98 16.8925 2.8511 8.4265 4.7141 6.7796 11.494 1.7675 1.5114 1.4426 1.059 13780 680 2.8651 3.7245 6.5895 15.034 9.3552 24.389 2.2321 20.497 16.23 2.1053 6.6805 9.6281 5.6053 15.233 1.4313 1.7615 1.7005 1.1499 13910 690 2.4681 4.2644 6.7325 16.371 6.6318 23.003 2.7407 20.571 15.964 2.7606 8.8404 6.1405 6.8162 12.957 1.9692 1.8079 1.5867 1.0678 14020 700 3.0155 3.7808 6.7963 14.97 11.762 26.732 3.0687 18.461 19.512 2.6282 6.4541 3.9458 6.8499 10.796 1.3259 1.8543 1.3336 1.0379 14102 710 2.508 3.1168 5.6248 15.083 7.4449 22.528 2.4758 18.766 11.72 2.1894 7.6953 13.675 6.9373 20.612 2.012 2.2693 2.5957 1.5115 14172 720 2.4844 3.8111 6.2956 23.144 8.8414 31.985 2.8183 14.704 12.074 2.2427 6.732 4.7163 10.303 15.019 1.8771 2.5343 2.3047 1.4132 14295 730 3.0848 3.0095 6.0943 22.099 7.4279 29.527 3.028 13.946 12.896 3.4709 7.9474 4.9042 7.2944 12.199 2.8822 3.0183 3.2401 1.7507 14472 740 2.8553 3.1111 5.9664 16.227 9.1955 25.423 6.7825 14.811 14.328 2.0362 8.6302 4.5064 7.9851 12.491 2.1686 2.2124 2.3133 2.8369 14663 750 2.4988 4.4907 6.9896 13.12 10.248 23.368 2.5458 18.75 15.968 2.6886 8.8632 4.5012 8.7236 13.225 2.1438 2.0225 1.8522 1.5846 14854 760 2.8915 3.307 6.1984 16.538 12.213 28.751 2.5901 17.485 18.298 2.5236 6.7793 2.3651 9.3094 11.674 1.2685 1.9489 1.4372 1.0459