Gulf of California Box Core Geochemical Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Gulf of California Box Core Geochemical Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2004 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Walter E. Dean, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-036 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Dean, W.E., et al.. 2004. Gulf of California Box Core Geochemical Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-036. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Dean, W., C. Pride, and R. Thunell. 2004. Geochemical cycles in sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins of the Gulf of California over the last 180 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 23, No. 16-17, p. 1817-1833. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.010. ABSTRACT (Dean et al. 2004): Sediments deposited on the slopes of the Guaymas and Carmen Basins in the central Gulf of California were recovered in two box cores. Q-mode factor analyses identified detrital-clastic, carbonate, and redox associations in the elemental composition of these sediments. The detrital-clastic fraction appears to contain two source components, a more mafic component presumably derived from the Sierra Madre Occidental along the west coast of Mexico, and a more felsic component most likely derived from sedimentary rocks (mostly sandstones) of the Colorado Plateau and delivered by the Colorado River. The sediments also contain significant siliceous biogenic components and minor calcareous biogenic components, but those components were not quantified in this study. Redox associations were identified in both cores based on relatively high concentrations of molybdenum, which is indicative of deposition under conditions of sulfate reduction. Decreases in concentrations of molybdenum in younger sediments suggest that the bottom waters of the Gulf have become more oxygenated over the last 100 years. Many geochemical components in both box cores exhibit distinct cyclicity with periodicities of 10-20 years. The most striking are 20-year cycles in the more mafic components (e.g., titanium), particularly in sediments deposited during the 19th century. In that century, the titanium cycles are in very good agreement with warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, implying that at times of greater influx of titanium-rich volcanic debris, there were more El Niņos and higher winter precipitation. The cycles are interpreted as due to greater and lesser riverine influx of volcanic rock debris from the Sierra Madre. There is also spectral evidence for periodicities of 4-8 and 8-16 years, suggesting that the delivery of detrital-clastic material is responding to some multiannual (ENSO?) forcing. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Briggs, P.H., 2002. The determination of forty elements in geological and botanical samples by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, In: Taggart, J.E., (Ed.), Analytical methods for chemical analyses of geologic and other materials, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-223, pp. G1-20. Mortlock, R. A., and Froelich, P. N., 1989, A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments: Deep Sea Research, v. 36, p. 1415-1426. Thunell, R.C., Pride, C.J.. Tappa, E., and Muller-Karger, F.E., 1994. Biogenic silica fluxes and accumulation rates in the Gulf of California. Geology 22, 303-306. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Gulf of California PERIOD OF RECORD: 0-180 years BP FUNDING SOURCE: U.S. Geological Survey DESCRIPTION: This data set contains geochemical data on sediments from two box cores (BC06 and BC50) from the Gulf of California. METHODS: This data set contains geochemical data on sediments from two box cores (BC06 and BC50) from the Gulf of California. Cores BC06 and BC50 are part of a series of box, gravity, and piston cores collected in July, 1990 on R/V Atlantis II cruise 125/8. Both cores were sampled at 0.5-cm intervals for geochemical analyses. Core BC06 was collected on the slope between the Guaymas and the Carmen Basins close to the west coast of mainland Mexico between Rio Yaqui and Rio Mayo (26deg 49.39'N, 110deg 13.78' W; water depth =754 m). This core has a constant sedimentation rate of 2.6 mm/yr determined by 210 Pb dating (Thunell et al., 1994). Therefore each sample represents an average of 1.9 years. Core BC50 was collected farther north than BC06 on the northern slope of Guaymas Basin (27o47.15' N, 111o42.51' W; water depth =745 m). This site is more distant from either shoreline than that of BC06. The linear 210Pb sedimentation rate in core BC50 is 1.8 mm/yr (Thunell et al., 1994), and each sample represents an average of 2.7 years. The sediment samples were analyzed for 40 major, minor, and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry in USGS laboratories in Denver (ICP-AES; Briggs, 2002). Concentrations of 28 elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Ti, Mn, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, La, Li, Mo, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pb, Sc, Sr, Th, V, Y, and Zn) were above detection limits in all samples. The one exception was Mo, which was below detection limits (2 ppm) in 22 samples from the upper part of BC06. These samples were assigned a nominal value of 1 ppm Mo. Rock standards (USGS) were included with the sediment samples, and 10% of the samples were duplicated. Samples for organic carbon (Corg) and nitrogen analyses were acidified with H3PO4 to remove CaCO3 and then analyzed with a Perkin Elmer 2400 CHN analyzer at the University of South Carolina. The biogenic silica content of samples was determined by the Na2CO3 extraction method described by Mortlock and Froelich (1989). Biogenic silica was converted to percent opal (SiO2.nH2O) by multiplying the measured percentage of biogenic silica by 2.4. DATA: 1. Box Core 6 Opal Depth (cm): depth in core in cm % opal: percent opal (SiO2.nH2O) Box Core Depth(cm) %opal 6 0.25 10.95 6 0.75 10.61 6 1.75 8.24 6 2.75 7.46 6 3.75 6.02 6 5.25 9.3 6 10.25 11.4 6 25.5 12.5 2. Box Core 6 carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Depth(cm): depth in core in cm % Corg: percent organic carbon % H: percent hydrogen % N: percent organic nitrogen Depth-cm %Corg %H %N 0.25 2.78 1.76 0.33 0.75 2.81 1.8 0.34 1.25 3.005 0.8 0.4 1.75 2.79 1.8 0.3 2.25 2.89 0.9 0.3 2.75 2.84 1.7 0.3 3.25 2.74 0.9 0.3 3.75 2.69 1.6 0.3 4.25 2.86 0.9 0.4 4.75 2.56 1.5 0.3 5.25 2.525 0.8 0.3 5.75 2.58 1.5 0.3 6.25 2.795 0.9 0.4 6.75 2.87 1.6 0.3 7.25 2.923 0.9 0.4 7.75 2.91 1.5 0.3 8.25 3.015 0.9 0.4 8.75 2.75 1.6 0.3 9.25 2.88 0.9 0.4 9.75 2.88 1.7 0.3 10.25 3.02 1 0.4 10.75 2.27 1.5 0.3 11.25 1.64 0.8 0.2 11.75 2.32 1.7 0.3 12.25 2.18 1 0.3 12.75 2.43 1.6 0.3 13.25 1.735 0.7 0.2 13.75 2.18 1.1 0.3 14.25 2.2 0.9 0.2 14.75 2.64 1.29 0.3 15.25 2.3 1 0.2 15.75 2.59 1.36 0.43 16.25 2.31 1 0.3 16.75 2.325 1.3 0.3 17.25 2.74 1.1 0.3 17.75 2.45 1.24 0.26 18.25 2.57 1.1 0.3 18.75 2.4 1.29 0.35 19.25 2.91 1.3 0.4 19.75 2.41 1.53 0.4 20.25 2.635 1.3 0.4 20.75 3.16 2.15 0.4 21.25 2.18 1.2 0.3 21.75 2.43 1.945 0.29 22.25 2.45 1.2 0.4 22.75 2.91 2.28 0.32 23.25 2.96 1.2 0.4 23.75 3.1 1.42 0.43 24.25 3.2 1.35 0.42 24.75 3.18 1.35 0.31 25.25 2.68 1.25 0.36 25.75 2.545 1.3 0.3 26.25 2.82 1.3 0.4 26.75 2.63 1.98 0.27 27.25 2.96 1.25 0.39 27.75 2.86 1.88 0.34 28.25 2.59 1.22 0.33 28.75 2.905 1.8 0.4 29.25 2.55 1.3 0.3 29.75 2.75 1.95 0.35 30.25 2.74 1.29 0.35 30.75 2.62 2.09 0.31 31.25 2.5 1.23 0.32 31.75 3.23 1.77 0.41 32.25 2.905 1.425 0.365 32.75 2.835 2 0.4 33.25 2.89 1.3 0.4 33.75 2.7 1.28 0.34 34.25 2.62 1.33 0.34 34.75 2.54 1.48 0.31 35.25 3.07 1.35 0.38 35.75 3.74 1.91 0.46 36.25 3.14 1.34 0.4 36.75 2.84 1.3 0.3 37.25 3.04 1.3 0.4 37.75 2.67 1.33 0.31 38.25 3.035 1.285 0.38 38.75 2.83 1.87 0.31 39.25 3.1 1.37 0.39 39.75 2.62 1.35 0.2 40.25 3.11 1.27 0.39 40.75 3.39 1.7 0.4 41.25 2.95 1.7 0.4 41.75 3.17 1.4 0.4 42.25 3.17 1.9 0.37 42.75 3.72 1.75 0.44 43.25 2.78 1.46 0.32 43.75 3.97 1.93 0.39 44.25 2.87 1.7 0.34 44.75 4.08 1.92 0.53 45.25 3.05 1.97 0.34 45.75 3.485 2.64 0.42 46.25 3.08 1.87 0.36 46.75 2.91 1.35 0.34 47.25 2.705 1.695 0.32 47.75 3.6 1.82 0.48 48.25 2.92 1.69 0.37 48.75 2.96 1.38 0.36 49.25 3.45 1.9 0.38 49.75 3 1.41 0.36 50.25 3.085 1.775 0.37 50.75 4.34 1.99 0.56 51.25 2.99 1.74 0.34 51.75 4.08 2.04 0.54 3. Box Core 6 Geochemistry Depth depth in core in cm %Al percent aluminum by ICP-AES %Ca percent calcium by ICP-AES %Fe percent iron by ICP-AES %K percent potassium by ICP-AES %Mg percent magnesium by ICP-AES %Na percent sodium by ICP-AES %P percent phosphorus by ICP-AES %Ti percent titanium by ICP-AES ppmMn parts per million manganese by ICP-AES ppmBa parts per million barium by ICP-AES ppmCe parts per million cerium by ICP-AES ppmCo parts per million cobalt by ICP-AES ppmCr parts per million chromium by ICP-AES ppmCu parts per million copper by ICP-AES ppmGa parts per million gallium by ICP-AES ppmLa parts per million lanthanum by ICP-AES ppmLi parts per million lithium by ICP-AES ppmMo parts per million molybdenum by ICP-AES ppmNb parts per million niobium by ICP-AES ppmNd parts per million neodymium by ICP-AES ppmNi parts per million nickel by ICP-AES ppmPb parts per million lead by ICP-AES ppmSc parts per million scandium by ICP-AES ppmSr parts per million strontium by ICP-AE ppmTh parts per million thorium by ICP-AES ppmV parts per million vanadium by ICP-AES ppmY parts per million yttrium by ICP-AES ppmZn parts per million zinc by ICP-AES SMPL-ID DEPTH-cm %Al %Ca %Fe %K %Mg %Na %P %Ti ppmMn ppmBa ppmCe ppmCo ppmCr ppmCu ppmGa ppmLa ppmLi ppmMo ppmNb ppmNd ppmNi ppmPb ppmSc ppmSr ppmTh ppmV ppmY ppmZn BC06-06 0 6.8 4 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.7 0.12 0.36 340 550 45 10 55 24 16 23 58 1 8 23 29 15 11 370 7 90 16 91 BC06-12 0.5 6.8 3.8 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.5 0.11 0.36 340 510 43 11 54 24 16 23 60 1 8 21 29 14 12 360 6 83 17 93 BC06-28 1 7.1 3.7 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.4 0.12 0.37 350 520 46 11 55 24 16 24 62 1 9 24 28 18 12 360 8 82 17 95 BC06-31 1.5 7 3.8 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.5 0.13 0.37 350 540 45 10 56 25 16 24 59 2 9 23 29 15 12 370 6 85 17 95 BC06-40 2 7.2 3.4 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.3 0.12 0.38 350 540 47 11 56 24 17 25 62 1 9 24 29 19 12 350 6 84 18 95 BC06-47 2.5 7.1 3.1 3.3 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.38 360 540 47 11 57 24 18 25 63 1 9 21 29 18 12 330 7 85 17 100 BC06-58 3 7.1 2.9 3.3 2.1 1.8 3.8 0.12 0.38 360 540 46 11 59 26 18 25 63 1 9 22 30 19 12 320 6 85 18 100 BC06-26 3.5 7.2 2.9 3.2 2.1 1.8 3.3 0.12 0.37 340 540 45 10 56 27 16 25 62 1 9 23 29 16 12 320 6 81 18 95 BC06-45 4 7.1 2.9 3.4 2.2 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.4 360 540 48 11 60 32 17 25 61 1 9 24 29 16 12 320 7 85 18 100 BC06-23 4.5 7.1 2.9 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.5 0.12 0.38 340 530 47 10 58 24 16 24 60 1 10 22 28 16 12 330 7 82 18 93 BC06-01 5 7.1 2.9 3.3 2.1 1.7 3.1 0.12 0.39 350 530 47 11 58 28 17 24 62 1 9 25 30 17 12 320 7 86 18 98 BC06-64 5.5 7 2.9 3.3 2.1 1.8 4 0.12 0.38 350 520 48 11 59 26 18 25 61 1 9 23 31 19 12 310 7 88 17 99 BC06-36 6 7 2.9 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.36 340 520 44 10 56 26 15 23 61 2 8 23 30 39 12 310 7 87 17 96 BC06-53 6.5 6.8 3.1 3.1 2 1.7 3.9 0.11 0.36 330 520 44 11 58 25 16 24 60 2 8 22 30 17 12 310 6 90 17 98 BC06-74 7 6.8 3.2 3.1 2 1.7 4 0.11 0.35 330 510 45 10 57 24 17 24 60 1 8 22 31 18 12 320 5 91 16 99 BC06-61 7.5 6.8 3.2 3.1 2 1.7 3.9 0.12 0.36 330 510 46 11 57 25 17 24 60 1 8 21 31 17 12 320 6 90 17 98 BC06-67 8 6.7 3 3.1 2 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.35 330 510 43 11 56 24 16 23 59 1 7 23 30 17 12 310 7 88 17 97 BC06-20 8.5 7.1 3.2 3.2 2.1 1.8 3.6 0.12 0.36 340 530 44 10 57 28 16 24 62 2 9 22 31 17 12 330 7 89 17 97 BC06-69 9 6.9 3.1 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.37 350 520 46 11 57 26 17 24 62 1 9 21 31 20 12 310 7 89 17 100 BC06-79 9.5 7 3.1 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.9 0.12 0.37 350 520 45 11 58 27 17 24 62 1 10 23 54 16 12 320 8 88 17 100 BC06-04 10 7 3 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.5 0.12 0.36 340 510 43 11 54 26 17 23 63 1 9 23 29 16 12 320 8 86 17 97 BC06-76 10.5 7.2 3 3.3 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.37 350 530 46 11 59 25 18 25 62 1 8 23 32 18 12 320 7 92 17 100 BC06-84 11 7.3 3.2 3.2 2.3 1.6 3.6 0.12 0.38 350 580 51 11 56 23 18 27 61 1 8 26 30 8 12 360 8 90 17 98 BC06-15 11.5 7.2 2.8 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.7 0.12 0.35 340 540 45 11 54 26 17 24 62 1 8 21 31 19 12 320 5 90 17 98 BC06-13 12 7 2.6 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.7 0.12 0.33 340 500 43 10 55 28 17 23 61 1 8 23 30 120 12 300 6 91 16 99 BC06-17 12.5 7.1 2.4 3.2 2.1 1.8 3.5 0.11 0.35 330 530 45 11 54 27 16 24 63 2 10 22 30 18 12 280 6 94 17 98 BC06-37 13 7 2.4 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.6 0.11 0.33 340 520 44 11 52 28 17 23 62 2 8 22 31 25 12 280 7 96 16 100 BC06-86 13.5 7.2 2.4 3.3 2.2 1.8 3.9 0.11 0.36 350 550 51 11 56 28 18 25 66 1 8 24 32 10 13 290 7 98 17 100 BC06-52 14 7.1 2.4 3.3 2.1 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.38 350 540 48 12 58 27 18 25 63 2 8 23 31 20 12 290 6 94 18 100 BC06-81 14.5 7 2.3 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.9 0.11 0.35 350 550 48 10 57 26 17 25 65 3 10 22 32 15 12 280 7 92 17 110 BC06-71 15 7 2.4 3.2 2.1 1.8 4 0.11 0.36 340 540 47 11 57 27 17 25 63 3 9 23 33 22 12 280 7 97 17 100 BC06-87 15.5 6.9 2.6 3.1 2.1 1.8 4.3 0.11 0.33 330 540 44 11 54 26 16 24 65 5 10 21 32 15 12 290 7 99 17 100 BC06-25 16 7.1 2.7 3.1 2.2 1.7 3.8 0.11 0.33 330 530 43 10 52 29 17 23 62 2 9 22 32 23 12 290 7 97 17 100 BC06-66 16.5 7.1 2.8 3.1 2.1 1.7 4 0.12 0.35 340 530 44 11 54 26 16 24 61 3 9 23 30 21 12 310 7 94 17 100 BC06-78 17 7.1 2.8 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.11 0.35 340 530 46 11 56 26 18 24 62 3 8 22 30 21 12 300 6 95 17 100 BC06-42 17.5 7 2.8 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.9 0.11 0.34 330 520 47 11 55 28 18 24 62 1 8 23 30 20 12 290 8 94 17 100 BC06-33 18 6.7 2.9 3 2.1 1.7 4.2 0.11 0.3 320 490 41 10 54 27 16 22 59 3 7 21 30 26 11 300 5 90 15 97 BC06-54 18.5 6.7 2.9 3 2 1.7 4.1 0.11 0.34 320 520 45 11 53 25 18 23 61 2 8 22 30 21 11 290 6 94 16 98 BC06-07 19 6.9 3.1 3 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.33 330 530 42 10 51 27 16 24 64 4 10 20 30 20 12 310 6 96 17 97 BC06-49 19.5 6.9 3.4 3.1 2.1 1.7 4 0.12 0.35 330 540 44 11 55 26 17 24 62 3 9 22 32 19 12 330 7 100 17 99 BC06-59 20 6.8 3.6 3.1 2 1.7 3.9 0.12 0.34 330 530 46 11 55 25 16 24 61 2 8 23 31 18 11 330 7 100 17 97 BC06-62 20.5 6.9 3.4 3.1 2.1 1.8 3.9 0.12 0.35 330 530 46 11 54 25 17 24 62 3 9 23 33 20 12 320 7 100 17 98 BC06-03 21 6.8 3.3 3 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.31 320 510 44 10 52 26 16 23 62 1 7 23 31 18 11 320 5 96 16 95 BC06-11 21.5 7 2.9 3.1 2.2 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.36 340 540 48 11 54 25 16 24 63 1 8 23 31 18 12 320 6 97 17 96 BC06-56 22 6.8 2.7 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.8 0.11 0.35 330 520 44 11 53 23 16 24 63 2 8 21 34 19 11 290 6 95 16 96 BC06-83 22.5 7 2.7 3.2 2.1 1.8 4.1 0.12 0.35 340 550 49 11 54 25 17 25 66 2 8 25 33 10 12 300 8 99 17 100 BC06-51 23 6.9 2.5 3.2 2.1 1.8 4 0.12 0.36 330 530 47 11 55 25 18 25 62 3 8 22 32 20 12 290 8 100 17 98 BC06-75 23.5 6.8 2.5 3.2 2.1 1.7 4 0.14 0.35 330 520 47 11 56 24 17 24 62 2 8 21 33 19 12 280 7 100 17 99 BC06-85 24 7 2.3 3.2 2.1 1.8 3.9 0.12 0.34 340 540 48 11 55 25 16 25 65 4 8 22 33 14 12 280 7 100 17 99 BC06-32 24.5 7 2.2 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.13 0.35 330 530 44 10 54 25 15 24 62 5 10 20 29 22 12 280 5 98 17 94 BC06-21 25 7.2 2 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.37 340 540 46 11 56 25 17 24 63 3 9 23 31 26 12 270 7 98 18 95 BC06-41 25.5 7.1 1.9 3.3 2.1 1.8 3.9 0.13 0.39 340 540 49 11 57 25 17 26 63 3 10 23 32 17 12 270 8 97 17 97 BC06-65 26 7 1.8 3.3 2.1 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.37 340 530 48 12 54 24 17 25 62 4 9 22 30 18 12 260 7 94 17 96 BC06-08 26.5 7 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.36 330 530 48 10 52 24 16 24 62 3 10 22 30 17 12 250 7 94 17 93 BC06-14 27 6.9 1.7 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.5 0.13 0.35 320 530 46 10 53 24 16 24 63 3 9 22 31 16 12 250 7 97 17 93 BC06-30 27.5 7.1 1.7 3.1 2.1 1.8 3.8 0.12 0.34 330 530 46 11 55 24 17 24 63 3 7 22 32 17 12 250 7 97 17 95 BC06-38 28 7 1.8 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.9 0.13 0.33 330 520 43 10 55 25 16 23 62 4 9 22 31 17 12 260 6 93 17 95 BC06-60 28.5 6.6 1.8 3.1 2 1.7 4.1 0.12 0.35 320 510 44 11 54 24 16 23 60 2 7 19 31 16 11 250 5 92 16 95 BC06-46 29 6.5 1.9 3 2 1.7 4 0.12 0.34 310 510 42 11 52 25 15 23 59 4 9 19 31 16 11 250 5 92 16 92 BC06-09 29.5 6.9 2.2 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.7 0.13 0.33 330 530 44 10 54 27 15 23 62 4 9 21 32 18 11 270 6 99 16 95 BC06-35 30 7 2.3 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.6 0.12 0.35 330 550 48 11 52 26 17 24 63 3 9 23 33 21 12 280 7 100 17 96 BC06-63 30.5 7 2.3 3.2 2.1 1.8 3.9 0.12 0.36 340 550 47 11 56 26 17 25 64 2 9 23 34 20 12 270 6 100 17 100 BC06-43 31 7 2 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.9 0.12 0.37 340 550 45 11 57 26 17 24 63 3 10 23 33 15 12 270 9 100 17 98 BC06-19 31.5 6.9 1.6 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.7 0.12 0.36 320 540 44 11 54 25 16 23 62 4 8 22 32 15 12 250 7 96 17 94 BC06-02 32 6.6 1.4 3 2 1.7 3.6 0.11 0.34 310 550 42 10 52 25 15 22 61 6 9 21 31 14 12 230 6 91 16 91 BC06-27 32.5 6.4 1.3 2.9 1.9 1.7 4.2 0.12 0.32 290 540 41 10 49 23 15 21 58 4 8 20 31 15 11 230 6 87 16 87 BC06-68 33 6.3 1.3 2.9 1.9 1.7 4.5 0.12 0.32 290 540 39 10 51 25 15 21 57 6 8 23 31 17 11 220 9 90 15 91 BC06-70 33.5 6.4 1.3 3 1.9 1.7 4.1 0.11 0.32 300 520 39 10 52 24 15 22 58 5 8 18 32 18 11 220 6 90 15 93 BC06-48 34 6.3 1.3 2.9 1.9 1.7 4.4 0.11 0.33 290 510 40 9 52 23 15 21 57 5 8 19 32 15 11 230 5 89 15 91 BC06-72 34.5 6.4 1.3 3 1.9 1.7 4.3 0.11 0.33 300 500 41 11 53 23 16 22 57 4 8 21 31 17 11 220 8 91 15 91 BC06-80 35 6.8 1.6 3.2 2 1.7 4 0.12 0.36 330 530 44 11 55 25 16 24 62 3 9 20 33 17 12 250 6 97 16 98 BC06-16 35.5 7.2 1.5 3.2 2.2 1.8 3.5 0.12 0.35 330 540 45 11 57 26 18 24 65 4 8 21 35 18 12 250 6 100 17 100 BC06-55 36 6.8 1.4 3.1 2 1.7 3.8 0.12 0.36 320 550 44 11 57 25 16 23 61 4 9 22 34 16 12 240 6 100 16 98 BC06-22 36.5 6.9 1.4 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.6 0.14 0.37 320 530 45 10 56 25 17 24 60 3 8 22 32 15 12 250 6 92 17 94 BC06-77 37 6.7 1.5 3.2 2 1.7 3.9 0.13 0.36 320 530 45 11 57 25 17 24 60 3 8 20 33 16 12 250 6 94 16 96 BC06-82 37.5 6.3 1.3 2.9 1.9 1.7 4.5 0.12 0.32 290 560 44 10 55 26 15 22 58 6 8 20 33 7 11 240 6 100 15 90 BC06-39 38 6.3 1.4 2.8 2 1.7 4.6 0.14 0.31 280 540 42 10 59 27 15 21 56 7 8 20 34 17 10 240 6 99 15 90 BC06-34 38.5 6.4 1.4 2.8 2 1.7 4 0.13 0.32 280 540 41 10 53 26 16 22 57 6 8 21 32 14 11 240 7 98 16 88 BC06-73 39 6.4 1.4 2.9 2 1.7 4.5 0.13 0.33 300 520 42 10 53 22 15 22 57 5 8 21 31 17 11 230 6 96 15 92 BC06-05 39.5 6.5 1.4 2.9 1.9 1.7 4 0.12 0.33 290 530 41 10 52 24 14 22 59 4 9 18 31 15 11 240 6 93 16 94 BC06-29 40 6.7 1.5 3 2 1.7 3.9 0.11 0.34 310 540 45 11 54 25 16 23 60 4 8 21 31 17 12 240 6 94 16 90 BC06-10 40.5 6.8 1.6 3.1 2.1 1.7 3.5 0.12 0.36 320 550 44 10 57 24 16 23 61 5 9 20 32 16 12 250 6 98 17 93 BC06-57 41 6.7 2.3 3 2 1.7 3.9 0.47 0.35 320 540 43 11 56 23 17 23 60 4 9 20 32 17 11 300 6 97 16 100 BC06-50 41.5 6.7 1.9 3.1 2 1.7 3.9 0.22 0.36 320 550 45 11 57 24 17 24 60 4 8 22 32 16 12 270 7 99 17 99 BC06-44 42 7.1 1.7 3.3 2.2 1.7 3.6 0.15 0.38 340 480 45 11 60 24 17 25 64 4 9 23 34 17 12 270 6 100 18 100 BC06-18 42.5 7 1.6 3.2 2.1 1.7 3.3 0.13 0.35 320 550 45 11 55 26 16 23 63 4 9 20 32 17 12 250 5 100 17 95 BC06-24 43 7.2 1.7 3.2 2.2 1.7 3.1 0.13 0.36 330 560 46 12 57 27 16 24 63 4 9 23 33 17 12 260 6 100 17 100 4. Box Core 50 Opal Depth(cm): depth in core in cm % opal: percent opal (SiO2.nH2O) Box Core Depth(cm) %opal 50 0.75 26.5 50 5.75 33 50 10.75 29.7 50 15.75 27.2 50 21.25 34.7 50 24.75 34 5. Box Core 50 carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen Depth-cm: depth in core in cm % Corg: percent organic carbon % H: percent hydrogen % N: percent organic nitrogen Depth %Corg %H %N 0.5 4.46 1.36 0.54 1 4.55 1.45 0.54 1.5 4.27 1.47 0.49 2 4.75 1.54 0.58 2.5 4.26 1.41 0.51 3 4.55 1.5 0.55 3.5 4.48 1.47 0.53 4 3.88 1.32 0.47 4.5 4.2 1.43 0.48 5 3.98 1.45 0.46 5.5 4.37 1.59 0.51 6 4.34 1.63 0.5 6.5 3.74 1.36 0.44 7 4.31 1.54 0.51 7.5 4.04 1.47 0.48 8 4.12 1.42 0.51 8.5 3.98 1.34 0.48 9 3.73 1.31 0.45 9.5 3.21 1.14 0.38 10 3.03 1.04 0.37 10.5 3.72 1.32 0.43 11 3.26 1.19 0.39 11.5 3.74 1.36 0.44 12 3.75 1.33 0.45 12.5 3.64 1.34 0.44 13 3.95 1.41 0.45 13.5 4.38 1.52 0.51 14 3.89 1.34 0.45 14.5 4.09 1.39 0.47 15 3.81 1.27 0.45 15.5 4.17 1.47 0.49 16 4 1.47 0.48 16.5 3.4 1.22 0.36 17 3.5 1.18 0.42 17.5 3.87 1.42 0.45 18 3.75 1.49 0.43 18.5 3.31 1.27 0.39 19 3.49 1.24 0.34 19.5 3.62 1.13 0.37 20 2.96 0.91 0.35 20.5 2.74 0.92 0.26 21.5 3.79 1.3 0.39 22 3.9 1.47 0.41 22.5 3.69 1.39 0.4 23 3.14 1.25 0.38 23.5 3.25 1.44 0.42 24 3.27 1.31 0.41 24.5 3.38 1.24 0.42 25 3.95 1.37 0.49 25.5 3.91 1.43 0.49 26 4.16 1.43 0.5 26.5 3.71 1.2 0.46 27 3.55 1.27 0.43 27.5 3.74 1.37 0.47 28 3.85 1.34 0.49 28.5 3.93 1.37 0.48 29 4.02 1.47 0.49 29.5 3.42 1.27 0.43 30 3.31 1.31 0.42 30.5 3.96 1.37 0.5 31 2.81 1.05 0.36 31.5 3.43 1.26 0.43 32 3.33 1.26 0.43 6. Box Core 50 Geochemistry DEPTH-cm depth in core in cm %Al percent aluminum by ICP-AES %Ca percent calcium by ICP-AES %Fe percent iron by ICP-AES %K percent potassium by ICP-AES %Mg percent magnesium by ICP-AES %Na percent sodium by ICP-AES %P percent phosphorus by ICP-AES %Ti percent titanium by ICP-AES ppmMn parts per million manganese by ICP-AES ppmBa parts per million barium by ICP-AES ppmCe parts per million cerium by ICP-AES ppmCo parts per million cobalt by ICP-AES ppmCr parts per million chromium by ICP-AES ppmCu parts per million copper by ICP-AES ppmGa parts per million gallium by ICP-AES ppmLa parts per million lanthanum by ICP-AES ppmLi parts per million lithium by ICP-AES ppmMo parts per million molybdenum by ICP-AES ppmNb parts per million niobium by ICP-AES ppmNd parts per million neodymium by ICP-AES ppmNi parts per million nickel by ICP-AES ppmPb parts per million lead by ICP-AES ppmSc parts per million scandium by ICP-AES ppmSr parts per million strontium by ICP-AE ppmTh parts per million thorium by ICP-AES ppmV parts per million vanadium by ICP-AES ppmY parts per million yttrium by ICP-AES ppmZn parts per million zinc by ICP-AES SMPL-ID DEPTH-cm %Al %Ca %Fe %K %Mg %Na %P %Ti ppmMn ppmBa ppmCe ppmCo ppmCr ppmCu ppmGa ppmLa ppmLi ppmMo ppmNb ppmNd ppmNi ppmPb ppmSc ppmSr ppmTh ppmV ppmY ppmZn BC50-06 0 4 5.2 1.7 1.4 1.5 4.9 0.11 0.18 170 490 30 7 44 33 9 16 36 6 5 15 36 22 7 340 5 73 11 92 BC50-15 0.5 4.1 4.3 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.8 0.11 0.19 180 500 31 7 48 35 10 16 38 6 5 15 38 20 7 310 5 71 11 84 BC50-24 1 4.2 3.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.9 0.1 0.19 180 490 30 7 47 37 10 16 39 6 6 16 37 20 7 280 6 74 12 85 BC50-35 1.5 4.1 3.3 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.6 0.1 0.19 180 480 30 7 45 33 10 16 39 6 5 15 37 17 7 260 5 75 11 84 BC50-03 2 4 2.9 1.8 1.5 1.7 6.3 0.1 0.19 170 460 31 7 43 37 9 15 38 6 5 14 35 17 7 250 4 69 11 83 BC50-41 2.5 4.2 3.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 6.3 0.1 0.2 180 500 34 7 49 56 11 17 39 5 5 16 37 18 7 270 6 79 12 86 BC50-10 3 3.9 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.6 5.8 0.1 0.18 170 480 29 7 46 37 8 15 36 8 5 14 37 18 7 260 5 81 11 83 BC50-54 3.5 4.1 3.2 1.8 1.5 1.7 6.2 0.1 0.19 170 500 34 7 48 36 11 17 38 7 5 15 38 19 7 270 6 79 12 85 BC50-65 4 4.1 3.2 1.7 1.5 1.6 5.8 0.1 0.19 170 490 33 7 47 37 10 17 38 6 5 15 38 18 7 260 7 79 11 82 BC50-46 4.5 3.9 3 1.7 1.4 1.6 6.2 0.09 0.18 160 480 30 7 46 38 10 16 37 8 5 15 36 17 7 250 6 81 10 81 BC50-16 5 3.7 2.9 1.6 1.4 1.6 6.3 0.09 0.17 160 450 28 7 42 32 9 14 35 8 5 14 34 17 6 250 4 77 10 75 BC50-59 5.5 4.1 3 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.6 0.1 0.18 170 480 32 8 47 39 10 16 38 7 5 17 38 19 7 250 5 78 11 85 BC50-64 6 4.2 3.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.6 0.1 0.19 180 500 32 7 47 38 10 16 40 6 5 16 37 20 7 270 6 76 11 86 BC50-04 6.5 3.7 3.4 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.5 0.09 0.17 160 450 27 7 43 38 8 14 35 6 5 13 35 16 6 260 3 70 10 79 BC50-25 7 3.6 3.7 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.6 0.09 0.16 160 460 28 6 42 35 7 14 34 7 5 12 34 16 6 270 5 71 10 76 BC50-47 7.5 4.1 3.8 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.6 0.1 0.19 180 520 31 7 47 40 10 16 39 7 6 14 38 19 7 290 6 79 11 83 BC50-36 8 4.1 4.2 1.8 1.4 1.5 5.3 0.1 0.19 180 490 30 8 44 35 9 15 38 6 5 14 37 17 7 310 5 76 11 81 BC50-01 8.5 4 4.5 1.8 1.4 1.6 5.6 0.1 0.19 180 480 30 7 45 37 9 15 38 6 5 13 37 16 7 320 3 81 11 79 BC50-29 9 3.8 4.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 5.8 0.09 0.17 160 420 27 7 41 36 9 14 35 7 5 13 34 16 6 320 6 76 10 73 BC50-20 9.5 3.8 4.6 1.7 1.4 1.5 5.7 0.09 0.18 160 420 28 6 41 30 8 15 36 6 5 11 34 15 6 330 5 73 10 73 BC50-31 10 3.7 4.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 6 0.09 0.17 160 410 28 7 41 29 9 14 35 6 5 12 34 14 6 330 5 71 10 71 BC50-50 10.5 4.1 5 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.7 0.1 0.19 170 460 33 8 46 31 10 17 39 6 5 18 36 16 7 340 6 73 11 78 BC50-42 11 3.9 4.3 1.7 1.4 1.6 5.7 0.1 0.18 170 450 29 7 44 37 10 16 38 7 5 15 35 17 6 310 6 70 11 76 BC50-56 11.5 4 4.5 1.8 1.4 1.6 5.9 0.1 0.18 170 460 30 7 45 35 10 17 38 7 6 15 36 16 7 330 5 72 11 78 BC50-63 12 4.2 4.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.4 0.1 0.18 180 440 31 7 46 44 11 17 40 7 6 16 36 23 7 330 6 75 11 85 BC50-14 12.5 3.3 3.9 1.5 1.3 1.5 5.8 0.09 0.15 140 400 24 6 39 28 8 13 31 7 4 12 33 14 6 290 4 66 9 67 BC50-09 13 3.5 4.1 1.6 1.3 1.5 6.1 0.09 0.16 150 440 24 7 42 28 7 13 33 8 5 11 36 15 6 300 3 68 10 71 BC50-18 13.5 4.1 5.7 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.4 0.11 0.19 170 480 31 7 45 30 9 16 38 8 5 14 37 17 7 370 5 75 12 77 BC50-34 14 3.9 5.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 5.1 0.1 0.18 160 470 29 7 44 29 8 15 37 8 5 14 38 15 7 360 5 83 11 75 BC50-62 14.5 3.9 4.9 1.8 1.4 1.6 5.8 0.1 0.17 160 450 29 8 45 35 9 15 38 7 5 16 36 16 6 340 5 86 10 74 BC50-22 15 3.8 4.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 5.7 0.1 0.17 160 470 27 6 44 29 9 14 36 8 5 11 38 14 6 330 4 79 10 73 BC50-57 15.5 4.1 4.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 5.6 0.1 0.18 170 500 31 7 46 33 10 16 39 7 5 15 39 16 7 320 6 77 11 77 BC50-43 16 3.9 4.2 1.8 1.4 1.6 5.1 0.1 0.18 170 470 30 7 45 48 9 16 38 7 5 14 38 14 6 310 6 75 11 76 BC50-26 16.5 3.7 3.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.5 0.1 0.17 150 420 27 6 39 26 8 14 35 7 5 10 35 13 6 280 3 70 10 68 BC50-53 17 3.8 4 1.7 1.4 1.6 5.9 0.1 0.17 160 440 27 6 43 36 9 15 36 8 5 15 35 14 6 300 5 76 10 71 BC50-51 17.5 3.5 4 1.6 1.3 1.6 5.9 0.09 0.16 140 450 28 6 41 29 9 14 34 8 4 12 35 14 6 300 5 77 10 67 BC50-07 18 3 2.8 1.4 1.2 1.5 6.2 0.09 0.14 130 380 22 6 36 23 6 12 29 10 4 10 32 14 5 230 5 70 8 61 BC50-61 18.5 3.2 2.5 1.6 1.2 1.5 5.8 0.09 0.15 130 410 26 6 39 37 8 13 31 11 4 12 34 13 5 220 5 80 9 63 BC50-44 19 3.3 2.7 1.5 1.2 1.5 5.5 0.08 0.15 130 390 26 6 38 26 9 13 32 10 4 13 33 13 6 230 6 74 9 63 BC50-12 19.5 3.8 3.4 1.7 1.4 1.6 5.1 0.1 0.17 160 440 28 7 44 25 9 14 36 9 4 14 38 13 6 270 4 87 11 73 BC50-49 20 3.3 3 1.6 1.3 1.6 6.4 0.11 0.16 140 430 25 6 41 26 8 13 32 11 5 11 34 12 5 250 4 76 9 65 BC50-02 20.5 3.4 2.7 1.5 1.2 1.5 5.3 0.09 0.15 140 410 26 6 39 24 7 13 32 8 5 11 33 13 5 230 4 70 10 65 BC50-33 21 3.4 2.7 1.5 1.3 1.5 5.9 0.09 0.15 140 440 26 6 41 25 8 13 32 10 4 13 34 14 6 230 5 77 9 65 BC50-60 21.5 3.1 1.9 1.4 1.2 1.5 6.1 0.09 0.15 120 420 23 5 39 23 8 12 30 8 4 10 33 12 5 200 4 67 9 62 BC50-08 22 2.9 2 1.3 1.1 1.5 6.4 0.08 0.14 120 380 22 5 36 26 7 11 28 10 3 10 31 14 5 190 5 64 8 58 BC50-40 22.5 3.4 3 1.5 1.2 1.5 5.4 0.09 0.16 140 400 26 6 39 26 7 13 31 9 5 11 33 13 6 240 3 71 9 64 BC50-55 23 3.3 3.2 1.4 1.2 1.4 4.9 0.09 0.15 130 430 25 6 40 25 9 13 31 8 4 14 34 13 5 240 4 76 9 65 BC50-23 23.5 3.1 3.1 1.4 1.1 1.3 4.8 0.08 0.14 120 400 22 6 37 31 6 12 29 10 4 11 32 12 5 240 3 75 8 60 BC50-37 24 3.5 3.9 1.5 1.3 1.5 5.1 0.1 0.16 150 430 24 6 39 23 8 13 33 10 4 12 34 14 6 280 5 79 10 67 BC50-48 24.5 3.6 4.2 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.2 0.1 0.17 140 460 28 6 42 27 9 14 35 10 5 15 35 14 6 310 5 82 10 70 BC50-19 25 3.4 3.3 1.5 1.2 1.4 5.1 0.09 0.16 140 440 24 6 40 28 8 13 31 9 4 10 34 12 6 250 4 73 9 67 BC50-11 25.5 3.9 3.5 1.7 1.4 1.5 5 0.1 0.18 170 490 29 7 46 27 9 15 37 11 5 13 38 16 7 270 6 81 11 75 BC50-32 26 3.8 3.3 1.7 1.4 1.5 4.9 0.1 0.18 160 460 28 6 43 26 8 15 35 9 5 14 39 15 6 260 5 74 10 71 BC50-27 26.5 3.9 3.8 1.7 1.4 1.5 4.9 0.1 0.18 160 460 28 6 44 28 7 15 35 10 6 11 36 13 6 290 4 77 11 73 BC50-58 27 3.7 4.2 1.7 1.3 1.4 4.8 0.1 0.18 160 430 30 6 43 28 10 15 36 8 5 15 36 12 6 310 5 74 10 72 BC50-39 27.5 3.3 4 1.5 1.2 1.4 5.2 0.1 0.15 140 430 24 6 41 27 7 13 30 10 4 10 34 11 5 280 3 75 9 66 BC50-52 28 4 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.6 5.2 0.16 0.18 160 470 30 7 51 35 10 15 37 12 5 14 42 13 6 230 7 86 11 83 BC50-05 28.5 3.3 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 5.1 0.08 0.15 130 430 24 5 41 24 7 12 31 11 4 11 32 12 5 170 3 75 9 66 BC50-17 29 3.7 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.5 5 0.09 0.18 150 470 28 6 43 36 8 14 36 13 5 13 36 14 6 180 5 76 10 72 BC50-30 29.5 3.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.3 0.1 0.17 140 480 27 6 44 24 8 14 33 15 5 14 36 19 6 190 5 81 10 69 BC50-45 30 3.2 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.5 5.8 0.11 0.15 130 480 26 6 42 31 8 13 32 16 5 10 38 14 5 190 3 79 9 65 BC50-28 30.5 2.8 2 1.4 1.1 1.4 5.6 0.28 0.13 110 370 21 5 38 40 6 11 26 20 3 9 36 9 5 210 3 73 8 71 BC50-38 31 2.8 2.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 5.5 0.11 0.13 120 340 19 6 38 20 5 10 27 15 3 9 33 11 5 210 3 72 8 59 BC50-21 31.5 3.4 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.5 0.1 0.16 140 430 26 6 44 24 7 14 31 15 5 12 39 12 6 230 3 83 10 67 BC50-13 32 3.6 2.6 1.6 1.3 1.5 5.1 0.11 0.17 150 430 28 6 46 30 8 15 34 11 5 11 40 12 6 230 4 79 11 83