Holocene Variations in Subtropical Atlantic Sea-Surface Temperatures --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Holocene Variations in Subtropical Atlantic SST LAST UPDATE: 7/2001 (Original Receipt by WDCA Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Peter deMenocal, Tom Guilderson, Joe Ortiz, Michael Sarnthein IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2001-054 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: deMenocal, P.B., et al., 2001, Holocene Variations in Subtropical Atlantic SST. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center A for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2001-054. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: deMenocal, P.B., J. Ortiz, T. Guilderson, and M. Sarnthein, 2000, Coherent High- and Low-Latitude Climate Variability During the Holocene Warm Period, Science, 288 (5474), 2198-2202. FUNDING SOURCE: National Science Foundation, MG&G, USA GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Subtropical Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 23 - 0 KYrBP DESCRIPTION: Holocene SST variations at Site 658C were reconstructed using planktonic foraminiferal assemblage data. Counts of 29 species were converted to warm and cold season SSTs using the F13' transfer function as presented in W. F. Ruddiman and L. K. Glover, Quat. Res. 5, 361-389 (1975). Average temporal resolution of the SST data ranges between ca. 50-100 years. Warm and cold season SST anomalies relative to coretop values and the warm-cold season SST seasonality were also computed. Variable: sample depth (cm), sample age (yrs BP), Planktonic foraminiferal assemblage sea surface temperature estimates (SSTwarm, SSTcold, SSTwarm anomaly, SSTcold anomaly, SST seasonality) Variable unit: degrees centigrade Data precision: SSTwarm= ±1.6°C, SSTcold=±1.3°C Ocean Drilling Program Site 658, Hole C. Ocean Drilling Program Hole 658C was cored off Cap Blanc, Mauritania (20°45'N, 18°35'W, (GPS), 2263m) during ODP Leg 108. Sediment accumulation rates are high at this site (22 cm/kyr average) due, in part, to the dual influences of high regional surface ocean productivity and high supply of windblown African mineral dust. Strong seasonal upwelling and high productivity results from the strong northeast Trade winds which parallel the Northwest African margin. Hole 658C is also positioned within the axis of the summer African eolian dust plume which transports Saharan mineral aerosol dust to the adjacent subtropical Atlantic ocean. The site lies within an oceanographic boundary separating cooler temperate and subpolar waters to the north from warmer tropical water masses to the south and west. Core 1H from Hole 658C was continuously subsampled at 2 cm intervals which is equivalent to between 50-100 years temporal resolution. Samples were analyzed for calcium carbonate and biogenic opal percentages, and the residual terrigenous (eolian) fraction was computed by difference. Planktonic foraminiferal assemblage census counts were then conducted on prepared samples (14). Warm and cold season SST estimates were calculated from the census count data using the F13' transfer function derived from faunal analysis of 191 Atlantic core tops (Ruddiman and Glover, Quat. Res. 5, 361-389 1975). Standard errors of estimate for the F13'-derived warm and cold season SSTs are 1.6°C and 1.3°C, respectively. At Hole 658C, the coretop (0-2cm) warm and cold season foraminiferal SST estimates (16.8°C and 25.8°C) agree within the error of estimate with the observed annual SST range at this location (18°C and 24°C, respectively). Age control was established using 31 accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon dates of monospecific samples of planktonic foraminifera (Globigerina bulloides or Globorotalia inflata) spanning the last 24,000 calendar years BP. Raw radiocarbon dates were converted to calibrated calendar ages after applying a -500±50 year reservoir correction. The resulting age-depth profile indicates that sedimentation was continuous at a rate of 22 cm/ka spanning the last ca. 14 cal. ka BP. However, a brief hiatus between 328-324 cm (17.4-14.3 cal. ka BP) is indicated by several closely spaced dates (19). Date of data generation: 1998-2000 DATA: "Cal age (yr BP, Calib 4.12)" Center depth (cm) "SST, warm" "SST, cool" "SSTw, anomaly" "SSTc, anomaly" "SST, seasonal change" 88 1 25.8 16.8 0.0 0.0 9.0 186 3 23.8 15.6 -2.0 -1.3 8.3 284 5 22.4 14.8 -3.4 -2.0 7.6 382 7 21.9 13.7 -3.9 -3.1 8.2 480 9 26.0 16.2 0.2 -0.6 9.8 515 11 24.0 15.4 -1.8 -1.4 8.6 550 13 26.6 17.4 0.8 0.6 9.2 585 15 24.5 15.8 -1.3 -1.0 8.7 620 17 26.3 17.0 0.5 0.2 9.3 656 19 25.4 16.9 -0.4 0.1 8.5 693 21 26.3 17.3 0.5 0.5 8.9 730 23 22.9 15.0 -2.9 -1.8 7.9 766 25 22.2 14.3 -3.6 -2.5 7.9 803 27 24.6 15.9 -1.2 -1.0 8.7 840 29 25.3 15.3 -0.5 -1.5 10.0 886 31 24.3 15.8 -1.5 -1.1 8.5 933 33 25.3 15.4 -0.5 -1.4 9.8 980 35 25.9 16.8 0.1 0.0 9.1 1026 37 26.7 16.7 0.9 -0.1 10.0 1073 39 26.2 17.4 0.4 0.6 8.8 1120 41 27.1 16.8 1.3 0.0 10.0 1166 43 25.5 16.1 -0.3 -0.7 9.4 1213 45 26.3 16.6 0.5 -0.2 9.7 1260 47 26.1 16.6 0.3 -0.2 9.5 1306 49 26.4 17.2 0.6 0.3 9.2 1353 51 25.9 16.6 0.1 -0.2 9.3 1400 53 26.4 16.2 0.6 -0.6 10.0 1515 55 25.6 15.9 -0.2 -0.9 9.7 1630 57 26.4 17.2 0.6 0.4 9.2 1745 59 23.6 15.1 -2.2 -1.7 8.5 1860 61 24.3 15.3 -1.4 -1.5 9.0 1975 63 23.0 15.2 -2.8 -1.6 7.8 2090 65 25.3 15.6 -0.5 -1.2 9.7 2270 67 25.2 16.1 -0.6 -0.7 9.1 2451 69 25.4 16.5 -0.4 -0.3 8.9 2632 71 25.7 16.4 -0.1 -0.4 9.3 2813 73 24.9 16.3 -0.9 -0.6 8.6 2994 75 23.2 15.5 -2.6 -1.3 7.7 3175 77 24.9 16.1 -0.9 -0.7 8.8 3355 79 24.1 15.5 -1.7 -1.3 8.6 3536 81 25.8 16.5 0.1 -0.3 9.3 3717 83 25.3 16.2 -0.5 -0.7 9.2 3898 85 26.5 17.0 0.8 0.1 9.6 4079 87 26.6 17.1 0.8 0.3 9.6 4260 89 26.6 17.0 0.9 0.2 9.7 4321 91 25.4 16.5 -0.4 -0.3 8.8 4383 93 26.9 16.0 1.1 -0.8 11.0 4445 95 25.1 16.7 -0.7 -0.1 8.4 4507 97 25.8 16.3 0.0 -0.5 9.5 4568 99 24.8 15.9 -1.0 -0.9 8.9 4630 101 24.1 16.3 -1.7 -0.5 7.8 4692 103 25.0 16.4 -0.8 -0.4 8.6 4754 105 25.5 16.4 -0.3 -0.4 9.0 4877 109 25.1 16.7 -0.7 -0.1 8.4 4939 111 25.2 16.4 -0.6 -0.4 8.7 5001 113 25.8 17.0 0.0 0.2 8.8 5062 115 25.3 16.7 -0.5 -0.2 8.6 5124 117 25.5 17.1 -0.3 0.3 8.4 5186 119 25.5 16.3 -0.3 -0.5 9.2 5248 121 24.5 16.1 -1.3 -0.7 8.4 5310 123 23.6 16.1 -2.1 -0.8 7.6 5434 125 25.0 17.2 -0.8 0.4 7.8 5559 127 23.6 16.0 -2.2 -0.9 7.6 5683 129 23.6 16.0 -2.2 -0.9 7.6 5808 131 21.2 14.5 -4.6 -2.3 6.7 6057 135 21.3 14.5 -4.5 -2.3 6.8 6182 137 21.1 14.3 -4.7 -2.5 6.8 6306 139 20.5 13.9 -5.2 -2.9 6.7 6431 141 22.1 15.3 -3.7 -1.5 6.8 6555 143 21.4 14.6 -4.4 -2.2 6.8 6680 145 21.9 15.3 -3.9 -1.5 6.6 6804 147 21.5 15.1 -4.3 -1.7 6.4 6929 149 21.8 14.8 -4.0 -2.0 7.0 7054 151 20.1 14.0 -5.7 -2.8 6.1 7240 154 21.0 14.6 -4.8 -2.2 6.4 7365 156 20.1 13.8 -5.7 -3.1 6.3 7490 158 20.7 14.4 -5.1 -2.4 6.2 7530 160 19.2 13.3 -6.6 -3.5 5.8 7610 164 19.4 13.6 -6.4 -3.2 5.8 7650 166 19.8 13.3 -6.0 -3.5 6.5 7690 168 20.0 13.9 -5.7 -2.9 6.2 7730 170 20.0 14.0 -5.8 -2.8 6.0 7810 174 20.3 14.3 -5.5 -2.6 6.0 7850 176 19.7 13.7 -6.1 -3.1 5.9 7890 178 20.3 14.1 -5.5 -2.7 6.2 7930 180 18.8 13.1 -7.0 -3.7 5.7 7970 182 19.1 13.6 -6.7 -3.2 5.5 8010 184 18.6 12.8 -7.2 -4.1 5.8 8211 186 20.7 14.2 -5.1 -2.6 6.5 8613 190 21.2 14.0 -4.6 -2.9 7.3 8814 192 21.0 13.7 -4.8 -3.2 7.4 9015 194 21.4 14.1 -4.3 -2.7 7.3 9417 198 22.6 15.4 -3.2 -1.4 7.3 9820 202 21.7 14.9 -4.1 -1.9 6.7 10037 206 21.5 14.4 -4.3 -2.5 7.1 10145 208 21.8 14.6 -4.0 -2.2 7.1 10254 210 20.5 13.4 -5.3 -3.4 7.1 10362 212 20.8 13.6 -5.0 -3.2 7.1 10471 214 21.5 14.2 -4.2 -2.6 7.3 10688 218 21.5 14.2 -4.3 -2.6 7.3 10905 222 22.1 14.5 -3.7 -2.3 7.5 11014 224 21.8 14.3 -4.0 -2.5 7.5 11122 226 22.9 15.3 -2.8 -1.5 7.7 11231 228 21.4 13.9 -4.4 -2.9 7.5 11340 230 21.9 14.5 -3.9 -2.3 7.4 11406 232 21.4 14.2 -4.4 -2.7 7.2 11473 234 21.6 14.4 -4.2 -2.4 7.2 11606 238 21.5 14.0 -4.3 -2.8 7.5 11739 242 21.1 13.9 -4.6 -2.9 7.2 11872 246 20.6 13.7 -5.2 -3.2 6.9 12005 250 21.3 13.8 -4.5 -3.0 7.5 12138 254 21.8 14.3 -4.0 -2.5 7.4 12271 258 20.4 13.6 -5.4 -3.2 6.8 12338 260 20.8 13.6 -5.0 -3.2 7.2 12404 262 20.0 13.2 -5.8 -3.6 6.8 12537 266 20.6 14.1 -5.2 -2.7 6.5 12670 270 20.8 13.8 -5.0 -3.0 7.0 12803 274 20.4 13.7 -5.4 -3.2 6.7 12936 278 20.5 13.4 -5.3 -3.4 7.1 12990 280 20.0 13.7 -5.8 -3.1 6.4 13030 282 21.9 14.7 -3.9 -2.1 7.1 13070 284 21.3 14.0 -4.5 -2.8 7.2 13110 286 20.6 13.4 -5.2 -3.4 7.2 13190 290 20.9 13.7 -4.9 -3.1 7.2 13230 292 22.0 14.3 -3.8 -2.6 7.7 13270 294 22.7 15.1 -3.1 -1.7 7.6 13354 296 21.7 14.8 -4.1 -2.0 6.9 13438 298 21.6 14.3 -4.2 -2.5 7.3 13606 302 21.1 14.4 -4.6 -2.4 6.7 13859 308 21.0 13.8 -4.8 -3.0 7.2 14027 312 22.0 15.1 -3.7 -1.7 6.9 14146 316 20.8 14.3 -4.9 -2.5 6.6 14248 320 21.4 14.1 -4.4 -2.7 7.2 14299 322 20.3 13.6 -5.5 -3.2 6.7 14350 324 19.4 12.9 -6.4 -3.9 6.5 14800 326 20.5 15.2 -5.3 -1.6 5.3 Hiatus 17420 328 17.7 11.9 -8.1 -4.9 5.8 17756 332 17.8 12.1 -8.0 -4.7 5.7 18092 336 17.8 12.1 -8.0 -4.7 5.7 18429 340 17.9 11.4 -7.9 -5.4 6.4 18765 344 18.3 12.0 -7.5 -4.8 6.3 19101 348 17.9 12.0 -7.8 -4.8 5.9 19270 350 18.4 12.2 -7.4 -4.7 6.2 19366 352 17.5 11.8 -8.3 -5.0 5.7 19558 356 17.4 11.9 -8.4 -4.9 5.5 19751 360 18.1 12.5 -7.7 -4.3 5.5 19943 364 17.7 12.0 -8.1 -4.8 5.8 20136 368 17.3 11.4 -8.5 -5.4 5.9 20328 372 16.5 10.7 -9.3 -6.1 5.8 20521 376 17.2 11.5 -8.6 -5.3 5.6 20713 380 18.1 12.3 -7.7 -4.6 5.9 20905 384 19.9 13.5 -5.9 -3.3 6.4 21098 388 19.8 13.7 -6.0 -3.1 6.0 21290 392 19.4 12.8 -6.4 -4.0 6.6 21483 396 18.8 12.2 -7.0 -4.6 6.6 21675 400 19.2 12.5 -6.6 -4.4 6.7 21868 404 18.8 12.4 -7.0 -4.5 6.5 22060 408 17.7 12.1 -8.1 -4.7 5.5 22253 412 19.6 14.1 -6.2 -2.7 5.5 22445 416 18.3 12.4 -7.5 -4.4 5.9 22638 420 18.4 12.8 -7.4 -4.0 5.6 22830 424 19.8 14.1 -6.0 -2.7 5.7 23023 428 20.1 14.4 -5.7 -2.4 5.7