Aleutian Islands 225 Year Coralline Algae Growth Increment Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, plus the data file URL and date accessed. NAME OF DATA SET: Aleutian Islands 225 Year Coralline Algae Growth Increment Data LAST UPDATE: 3/2012 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Halfar, J., B. Williams, S. Hetzinger, R.S. Steneck, P. Lebednik, C. Winsborough, A. Omar, P. Chan, and A.D. Wanamaker, Jr. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2012-033 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Halfar, J., et al. 2012. Aleutian Islands 225 Year Coralline Algae Growth Increment Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2012-033. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Halfar, J., B. Williams, S. Hetzinger, R.S. Steneck, P. Lebednik, C. Winsborough, A. Omar, P. Chan, and A.D. Wanamaker, Jr. 2011. 225 years of Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics revealed by coralline algal growth-increment widths. Geology, June 2011, Vol. 39, No. 6, pp. 579-582. doi:10.1130/G31996.1 ABSTRACT: Bering Sea climate and ecosystem dynamics have recently undergone major changes that have affected seasonal sea ice distribution and marine life, including commercially important salmon fisheries. Unfortunately, long-term Bering Sea dynamics are poorly understood, largely because of an absence of high-resolution marine proxy archives. Here we present the first record compiled from annual growth-increment widths of long-lived coralline algae collected in shallow-water habitats spanning the entire Aleutian Islands. While algal growth in the Aleutians exhibits a variable relationship with regional temperatures, it is strongly driven by changes in solar radiation reaching the seafloor. Therefore, it provides an exceptional archive of long-term light dynamics, which in the Bering Sea is attributed to changes in strength of the Aleutian Low (AL), the dominant climate pattern of the subarctic North Pacific. The AL is positively related to Bering Sea cloudiness and wind strength, which in turn fosters upper-ocean mixing. Mixing raises surface-water nutrient concentrations and stimulates plankton production, which is positively linked to Alaskan salmon abundance. Enhanced clouds and plankton production increase shading on the shallow seafloor and reduce algal growth. Light-driven algal growth rates track proxy-derived salmon abundance from 1782 onward, but are poorly related to temperature-dominated Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability prior to the twentieth century. The algal record suggests that the present-day relationship of AL and PDO varied historically and that salmon stocks have been more closely related to AL strength via its effect on plankton abundance rather than PDO-related temperatures. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: North Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 1783 - 2007 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery and Ship Time grants, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. DATA FILE URLS: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.txt ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/halfar2011/halfar2011.xls DESCRIPTION: 225 year growth chronology of the coralline alga Clathromorphum nereostratum, derived from 29 samples collected off the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. C. nereostratum is a long-lived, shallow-marine crustose coralline algae. The 225 yr growth-increment width composite chronology was derived from 29 digitally imaged thick sections of coralline algae ranging from 15 to 185 yr in ontogenetic age, collected live along a 1500 km longitudinal transect spanning the entire Aleutian Islands. The composite chronology was constructed by normalizing time series to unit variance and averaging of the individual records. Table DR1 - samples used for coralline algal growth-increment width composite chronology Location Sample# EndYr StartYr LengthYrs Depth-m Latitude Longitude Avg.Ann.Growth Akun 08-10-27 2007 1947 60 10 54° 12.945' N 165° 30.85' W 450 08-10-24 2007 1958 49 10 54° 12.945' N 165° 30.85' W 406 08-10-13 2007 1966 41 10 54° 12.945' N 165° 30.85' W 425 08-10-42 2007 1963 44 10 54° 12.945' N 165° 30.85' W 362 Amchitka AM-KR-70-A 1968 1783 185 20 51° 38.56' N 178° 44.928' E 287 AM-KR-70-B 1968 1925 43 20 51° 38.56' N 178° 44.928' E 300 AM-KR-80 1968 1785 183 25 51° 38.56' N 178° 44.928' E 295 AM-OC-70 1968 1936 32 20 51° 38.56' N 178° 44.928' E 350 AM-KP-80 1968 1901 67 25 51° 38.56' N 178° 44.928' E 300 AM-SM-30 1968 1940 28 10 51° 38.56' N 178° 44.928' E 357 AM-BI-100 1968 1927 41 30 51° 25.566' N 179° 14.275' E 304 AM-BI-110-U 1968 1890 78 33 51° 25.566' N 179° 14.275' E 288 AM-BI-110-A 1968 1883 85 33 51° 25.566' N 179° 14.275' E 284 7-6 2003 1934 69 10 51° 24.541' N 179° 23.008' E 465 4-1 2003 1960 43 10 51° 25.568' N 179° 14.277' E 342 4-7 2003 1963 40 10 51° 25.566' N 179° 14.275' E 296 4-16 2003 1965 38 10 51° 25.566' N 179° 14.275' E 337 Ogliuga 08-06-18 2007 1988 19 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 418 08-06-14 2007 1961 46 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 453 08-06-12 2007 1968 39 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 467 08-06-11 2007 1981 26 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 459 Rat 08-04-16 2007 1973 34 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 321 08-04-22 2007 1969 38 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 322 08-04-29 2007 1981 26 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 363 08-04-39 2007 1992 15 10 51° 49.75' N 178° 15.1' E 468 Attu 11-4 2003 1877 126 10 52° 47.787' N 173° 10.796' E 394 08-1-38-1 2007 1985 22 10 52° 56.016' N 173° 15.97' E 422 08-1-26 2007 1989 18 10 52° 56.016' N 173° 15.97' E 481 08-1-25 2007 1984 23 10 52° 56.016' N 173° 15.97' E 499 08-1-18 2007 1984 23 10 52° 56.016' N 173° 15.97' E 456 DATA: Aleutian Islands Coralline Algae Growth Rate Date Algal Growth (Normalized) 2007 -0.03 2006 0.16 2005 -0.04 2004 0.17 2003 0.11 2002 -0.10 2001 -0.12 2000 -0.27 1999 -0.29 1998 0.14 1997 0.34 1996 0.13 1995 -0.31 1994 -0.07 1993 0.23 1992 -0.22 1991 -0.07 1990 -0.25 1989 -0.01 1988 -0.21 1987 -0.07 1986 -0.17 1985 -0.20 1984 0.15 1983 -0.56 1982 0.21 1981 -0.43 1980 -0.38 1979 -0.63 1978 -0.52 1977 -0.06 1976 0.10 1975 -0.04 1974 0.30 1973 0.30 1972 -0.05 1971 0.20 1970 0.15 1969 -0.16 1968 0.28 1967 -0.10 1966 0.46 1965 0.15 1964 -0.24 1963 0.13 1962 0.04 1961 0.32 1960 0.34 1959 0.36 1958 0.79 1957 0.63 1956 0.70 1955 0.44 1954 0.14 1953 0.57 1952 0.10 1951 0.51 1950 0.40 1949 0.55 1948 0.82 1947 0.05 1946 0.45 1945 -0.15 1944 -0.08 1943 0.14 1942 -0.27 1941 -0.08 1940 -0.54 1939 -0.12 1938 -0.30 1937 0.15 1936 -0.52 1935 -0.40 1934 0.31 1933 -0.14 1932 0.13 1931 -0.01 1930 0.37 1929 0.45 1928 0.43 1927 -0.02 1926 0.03 1925 0.22 1924 0.28 1923 0.15 1922 0.26 1921 -0.27 1920 0.66 1919 0.14 1918 0.51 1917 -0.81 1916 -0.27 1915 0.10 1914 -0.13 1913 0.11 1912 -0.06 1911 -0.03 1910 0.21 1909 -0.03 1908 -0.09 1907 0.09 1906 -0.14 1905 0.10 1904 -0.38 1903 0.70 1902 -0.20 1901 0.52 1900 -0.36 1899 -0.21 1898 0.15 1897 0.42 1896 -0.07 1895 0.12 1894 0.05 1893 0.30 1892 -0.17 1891 -0.05 1890 -0.20 1889 -0.39 1888 -0.45 1887 -0.09 1886 -0.32 1885 -0.59 1884 0.25 1883 -0.86 1882 -0.82 1881 0.39 1880 -0.22 1879 0.31 1878 0.02 1877 -0.84 1876 -1.22 1875 -0.86 1874 -0.64 1873 -0.67 1872 -0.43 1871 -0.54 1870 0.23 1869 0.10 1868 -0.61 1867 -0.71 1866 -0.87 1865 0.33 1864 -1.18 1863 -0.89 1862 -1.10 1861 -1.63 1860 -1.16 1859 -0.85 1858 -0.48 1857 -1.03 1856 -0.23 1855 -0.31 1854 0.50 1853 -0.34 1852 -0.90 1851 -1.38 1850 -0.41 1849 -0.96 1848 -0.79 1847 -0.65 1846 -0.18 1845 -0.96 1844 -1.18 1843 -0.52 1842 0.08 1841 -0.43 1840 -0.43 1839 -0.64 1838 -0.64 1837 0.06 1836 -0.17 1835 -0.61 1834 -0.39 1833 -0.41 1832 0.69 1831 0.09 1830 0.32 1829 -0.92 1828 0.38 1827 -0.57 1826 -0.58 1825 -1.02 1824 -0.85 1823 0.07 1822 0.25 1821 -0.37 1820 -0.74 1819 0.18 1818 -0.08 1817 0.86 1816 -0.04 1815 -0.95 1814 -0.93 1813 -0.52 1812 -0.34 1811 -0.03 1810 0.40 1809 0.01 1808 -1.06 1807 -0.01 1806 1.23 1805 0.57 1804 0.83 1803 0.03 1802 0.60 1801 0.42 1800 0.21 1799 0.35 1798 -0.06 1797 0.53 1796 0.10 1795 0.70 1794 0.55 1793 0.11 1792 -0.17 1791 0.45 1790 -0.09 1789 0.39 1788 -0.21 1787 -0.12 1786 -0.44 1785 -0.10 1784 0.42 1783 1.01