Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Area 40KYr Alkenone SST Estimates ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Area 40KYr Alkenone SST Estimates LAST UPDATE: 5/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Naomi Harada, Mutsu Institute for Oceanography IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-045 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Harada, N., et al. 2009. Kuroshio-Oyashio Transition Area 40KYr Alkenone SST Estimates. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-045. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Harada, N., N. Ahagon, M. Uchida, and M. Murayama. 2004. Northward and southward migrations of frontal zones during the past 40 kyr in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 5, Q09004, doi:10.1029/2004GC000740. ABSTRACT: The variation of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area and the Okhotsk Sea during the last 40 kyr was estimated using long-chain unsaturated alkyl ketones (alkenones). The temperature difference between the present and the last glacial period was about 5°-6°C in the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area, slightly larger than the 4°C previously reported. Moreover, alkenones were not detected before 18 kyr B.P. in or near the Okhotsk Sea, perhaps because of nearly year-round sea-ice expansion, which would have prevented the growth of alkenone producers, or because alkenones were less well preserved in surface sediments during the glacial period. The northward and southward migrations of frontal zones were evaluated using differences in alkenone temperatures between stations located in the vicinity of the Subarctic Front (SAF), Subarctic Boundary (SAB), and Kuroshio Bifurcation Front (KBF). All three frontal zones migrated southward during the glacial period, compared with their present positions, and their relative positions were different between the Holocene and glacial periods. In particular, the distance between the SAF and the SAB was reduced during the glacial period compared with at present. The northward and southward migration of the frontal zones may relate to both mid to low atmospheric circulation and polar atmospheric circulation. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Prahl, F.G., L.A. Muehlhausen, and D.L. Zahnle. 1988. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2303-2310. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Northwestern North Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 40 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Japan Marine Science and Technology Center. A part of this work was also supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology in Japan through KAKENHI 14540458. DESCRIPTION: Northwestern North Pacific glacial-interglacial alkenone data and SST estimates for 5 cores around the Kuroshio-Oyashio transition area. Station 5: 40°00'N, 165°04'E, 5498m depth Station 6: 37°45'N, 162°43'E, 3130m depth Station 8s: 44°47'N, 170°10'E, 1780m depth PC-01: 46°19'N, 152°32'E, 2793m depth PC-04: 49°22'N, 153°01'E, 1821m depth DATA: 1. Station 5 alkenone SST data Table A1. Alkenone Contents in 1g Dry Sediment and Alkenone Temperatures Calculated by Prahl's Equation Age Alkenone UK'37 Alkenone Contents (C37:2+C37:3) kyrBP Temp°C ug/g 2.9 13.7 0.505 0.26 3.1 14.6 0.535 0.33 3.3 14.8 0.543 0.23 3.5 15.1 0.553 0.22 3.7 15.8 0.576 0.16 3.9 15.7 0.573 0.16 4.1 15.8 0.575 0.13 4.8 15.7 0.574 0.12 5.4 15.9 0.578 0.25 6.1 16.1 0.587 0.09 8.4 16.3 0.595 0.12 10.8 16.2 0.589 0.07 13.9 13.9 0.513 0.28 16.3 11.1 0.416 0.17 16.9 10.9 0.406 0.13 17.5 10.6 0.4 0.55 19.3 8.8 0.339 0.41 21.4 8.4 0.324 1.94 22.9 9.4 0.357 1.57 23.7 9.2 0.353 1.48 23.9 9.9 0.375 0.65 25.1 9.5 0.361 0.69 26.4 9.7 0.367 0.77 27.7 10 0.378 1.13 28.7 9.6 0.366 0.88 29.3 10.5 0.396 0.84 29.9 9.6 0.366 0.6 2. Station 6 alkenone SST data Table A1. Alkenone Contents in 1g Dry Sediment and Alkenone Temperatures Calculated by Prahl's Equation Age Alkenone UK'37 Alkenone Contents (C37:2+C37:3) kyrBP Temp°C ug/g 2 18.1 0.654 0.23 3.9 14.5 0.533 0.21 5.9 18.6 0.671 0.18 9 17.9 0.648 0.16 10 17.9 0.649 0.58 12.7 15.6 0.571 0.63 15.6 14.2 0.521 0.69 18.3 13.5 0.5 0.64 21.1 12.2 0.454 1.25 23.9 12 0.446 0.77 28.1 12.2 0.455 0.69 30.9 13.4 0.494 0.85 33.7 12.5 0.463 1.15 36.5 12.5 0.465 0.85 39.3 12.5 0.464 1.02 3. Station 8s alkenone SST data Table A1. Alkenone Contents in 1g Dry Sediment and Alkenone Temperatures Calculated by Prahl's Equation For Stations 8s and PC-01, standard deviation of alkenone temperature was estimated from duplicate analysis of a part of samples. Age Alkenone Avg.Alkenone Std.Dev. UK'37 Alkenone Contents (C37:2+C37:3) kyrBP Temp°C Temp°C °C ug/g 0 10.2 10.1 0.12 0.385 0.14 0 10 0.38 0.3 2.7 11.6 0.433 0.14 5.2 12.2 0.455 0.18 6.4 10.7 10.7 0.07 0.403 0.24 6.4 10.6 0.4 - 7.6 11.2 0.42 0.18 9.9 11.4 10 1.4 0.428 0.13 9.9 8.6 0.33 0.11 10 11.6 0.433 0.22 10.8 11.1 0.415 0.16 11.5 11.6 0.433 0.15 12.6 10.9 0.41 0.18 13.2 11.4 0.427 0.11 13.8 12.3 11.4 0.9 0.456 0.38 13.8 10.5 0.395 0.11 15.1 10.4 0.394 0.17 15.9 10.1 0.384 0.2 16.6 8 0.312 0.36 17.5 7.9 0.308 0.22 18.8 7.3 0.288 0.27 19.7 3.4 4.3 0.87 0.155 0.12 19.7 5.2 0.215 0.11 20.8 7.3 0.288 0.27 22.9 8.5 0.327 0.14 24 8.4 0.323 0.11 25 6.3 5.8 0.48 0.254 0.09 25 5.4 0.222 0.05 26.8 8.2 0.317 0.09 28.7 8.3 0.32 0.13 29.8 7.2 7.7 0.48 0.285 0.1 29.8 8.2 0.318 0.08 31 8.9 0.34 0.1 33.2 9.5 0.363 0.06 35.5 7.9 7.9 0.05 0.308 0.11 35.5 7.8 0.305 - 37.7 8.9 0.34 0.07 4. Core PC-01 alkenone SST data Table A1. Alkenone Contents in 1g Dry Sediment and Alkenone Temperatures Calculated by Prahl's Equation For Stations 8s and PC-01, standard deviation of alkenone temperature was estimated from duplicate analysis of a part of samples. Age Alkenone Avg.Alkenone Std.Dev. UK'37 Alkenone Contents (C37:2+C37:3) kyrBP Temp°C Temp°C °C ug/g 0.58 8.8 8.8 0 0.337 0.15 0.58 8.8 0.339 0.2 0.67 8.6 0.333 0.27 0.76 8.6 0.332 0.18 0.8 8.9 0.342 0.16 0.84 8.8 0.337 0.2 0.93 8.5 0.328 0.19 0.98 9.1 0.347 0.23 1.02 8.5 0.328 0.22 1.06 7.7 0.302 0.23 1.11 8.3 0.321 0.22 1.15 8.2 0.319 0.3 1.19 8.7 0.334 0.23 1.24 8.7 0.335 0.3 1.32 8 0.31 0.25 1.37 8.3 0.321 0.26 1.41 8.2 0.317 0.34 1.5 7.7 0.301 0.3 1.54 8 0.312 0.14 1.59 7.8 8 0.15 0.304 0.25 1.59 8.1 0.316 0.27 1.67 7.8 0.303 0.33 1.72 8 0.31 0.24 1.76 7.5 0.292 0.35 1.85 7.4 0.289 0.33 1.89 6.6 0.264 0.32 1.93 7.7 0.302 0.45 2.02 7.5 0.293 0.27 2.06 8.2 0.317 0.32 2.11 8.5 0.328 0.26 2.19 7.8 0.303 0.24 2.26 8.1 7.7 0.4 0.316 0.21 2.26 7.3 0.286 0.37 2.31 7.1 0.282 0.27 2.41 7.2 0.285 0.29 2.46 8.4 0.323 0.2 2.51 8.6 0.333 0.35 2.62 8.2 0.317 0.32 2.67 8.7 0.336 0.25 2.72 8.2 0.317 0.35 2.82 7.5 0.293 0.35 2.87 8.2 0.317 0.22 2.92 8.3 0.32 0.38 3.02 7.9 0.309 0.39 3.07 8.8 0.338 0.44 3.13 8.7 0.334 0.4 3.23 8.7 0.336 0.42 3.28 9.2 0.352 0.34 3.33 8.9 0.34 0.45 3.48 8.2 8 0.2 0.317 0.42 3.48 7.8 0.303 0.54 3.53 8.8 0.339 0.46 3.58 8.4 0.326 0.29 3.69 8.2 0.317 0.28 3.74 8.2 0.317 0.47 3.79 8.5 0.329 0.32 3.89 8.8 0.34 0.35 3.94 8.8 0.339 0.44 3.99 8.3 0.32 0.38 4.09 9.1 0.35 0.41 4.19 8.9 0.343 0.33 4.25 8.7 0.334 0.56 4.3 7.3 0.286 0.44 4.4 7.3 0.289 0.38 4.45 8.8 0.339 0.56 4.5 7.8 0.303 0.33 4.6 8.4 0.326 0.38 4.65 9.1 0.348 0.43 4.84 7.9 8.2 0.25 0.308 0.41 4.84 8.4 0.325 0.32 4.95 8.6 0.33 0.31 5.01 8.8 0.339 0.43 5.07 7.5 0.295 0.42 5.13 9 0.344 0.39 5.19 7.4 0.292 0.22 5.25 8.5 0.329 0.3 5.3 8.1 0.313 0.28 5.36 6.6 0.265 0.23 5.42 8.4 0.323 0.24 5.48 8.8 0.339 0.19 5.54 8.9 0.341 0.29 5.65 9.3 0.354 0.24 5.71 7.2 0.283 0.18 5.83 8 0.31 0.2 5.89 8.7 0.335 0.17 5.94 7.2 0.285 0.15 6.06 6.7 0.266 0.33 6.12 9.4 0.358 0.23 6.23 7.9 7.9 0.05 0.307 0.23 6.23 7.8 0.304 0.25 6.35 8.1 0.314 0.22 6.41 9.1 0.349 0.22 6.47 8.7 0.333 0.3 6.58 8.4 0.326 0.28 6.64 9.4 0.36 0.28 6.7 9.2 0.352 0.29 6.82 8.8 0.337 0.24 6.93 7.2 0.285 0.2 6.99 8.7 0.335 0.26 7.05 6.2 0.248 0.21 7.11 8.2 0.317 0.23 7.17 8.8 0.337 0.25 7.22 7.2 0.284 0.13 7.28 9.4 0.358 0.29 7.34 7.6 0.298 0.21 7.4 8.3 0.322 0.29 7.46 9.2 0.35 0.28 7.51 8.5 0.329 0.28 7.57 7.5 0.293 0.18 7.63 8.9 0.341 0.25 7.75 10.2 0.387 0.18 7.84 9.3 0.357 0.22 7.93 10.2 0.385 0.13 8.02 8.3 0.323 0.17 8.11 10.1 0.383 0.29 8.2 8 0.31 0.1 8.29 9.8 0.371 0.29 8.39 8.8 0.34 0.16 8.48 9.8 0.372 0.25 8.57 8.7 0.334 0.07 8.66 9.7 0.369 0.19 8.75 8 0.31 0.16 8.84 9.5 0.363 0.22 8.93 8.4 0.324 0.15 9.02 9.2 0.352 0.11 9.11 7.7 0.301 0.19 9.2 8.7 0.334 0.15 9.29 8.7 0.334 0.14 9.38 9.5 0.361 0.11 9.47 8 0.31 0.1 9.56 8 0.312 0.15 9.66 9.3 0.355 0.1 9.93 9.3 9.2 0.1 0.355 0.09 9.93 9.1 0.347 0.18 10.02 9 0.345 0.12 10.11 9.4 0.358 0.13 10.38 8.9 0.343 0.14 10.47 9.1 0.347 0.18 10.56 6.4 0.255 0.14 10.65 8.2 0.318 0.27 10.74 9.2 0.351 0.24 10.83 8.8 0.338 0.25 10.93 8.2 0.319 0.21 11.02 8.2 0.318 0.24 11.11 9.6 0.367 0.28 11.2 7.9 0.307 0.24 11.29 8.2 0.318 0.24 11.38 8 0.31 0.23 11.47 8.8 0.339 0.24 11.56 9.2 0.352 0.21 11.65 9.1 0.348 0.24 11.74 9.1 0.35 0.25 11.83 9.6 0.364 0.26 11.92 9.3 0.355 0.23 12.1 8.3 0.321 0.17 12.23 8.8 9 0.2 0.339 0.31 12.23 9.2 0.352 0.48 12.31 8.3 0.321 0.31 12.47 8.2 0.318 0.44 12.55 8.9 0.342 0.44 12.63 8.8 0.339 0.39 12.79 8.7 0.336 0.45 12.88 9.3 0.354 0.44 12.96 8.3 0.322 0.49 13.12 7.8 0.303 0.42 13.2 9.4 0.358 0.47 13.36 9.1 0.349 0.45 13.52 7.7 0.302 0.38 13.68 7.4 0.291 0.37 13.76 6.8 0.271 0.25 13.84 8.9 0.342 0.38 14 7.7 0.3 0.3 14.16 8 0.311 0.27 14.16 8.1 0.316 0.37 14.33 8 0.31 0.23 16.51 5.7 0.234 0.2 16.92 5.8 0.347 0.56 17.13 5.6 0.235 0.55 17.13 5.5 0.23 0.52 17.33 5.9 0.227 0.19 17.75 - - 0.02 17.95 - - 0.03 18.16 - - 0.02 18.37 - - 0.04 18.57 - - 0.03 18.88 - - 0.03 19.3 - - 0.02 19.5 - - 0 19.71 - - 0.01 19.92 - - 0.01 20.12 - - 0.02 20.33 - - 0.01 20.54 - - 0.04 20.74 - - 0.02 20.95 - - 0.03 21.16 - - 0.02 21.63 - - 0.03 21.84 - - 0.03 22.05 - - 0.03 22.26 - - 0.02 22.47 - - 0.02 22.9 - - 0 23.32 - - 0.01 23.53 - - 0 23.74 - - 0 23.95 - - 0 24.48 - - 0.02 4. Core PC-04 alkenone SST data Table A1. Alkenone Contents in 1g Dry Sediment and Alkenone Temperatures Calculated by Prahl's Equation Age Alkenone UK'37 Alkenone Contents (C37:2+C37:3) kyrBP Temp°C ug/g 1.59 6.5 0.259 0.17 1.76 7.4 0.292 0.13 1.92 6.9 0.274 0.13 2.26 6.8 0.271 0.13 2.43 6.9 0.274 0.15 2.6 7.1 0.281 0.13 2.93 6.6 0.263 0.17 3.1 7.5 0.295 0.18 3.61 8.1 0.315 0.2 3.78 6.7 0.265 0.22 3.94 7.6 0.298 0.16 4.28 7.2 0.285 0.14 4.45 7.4 0.291 0.25 4.95 6.9 0.275 0.16 5.12 7.3 0.288 0.32 5.29 6.3 0.253 0.35 5.63 8.3 0.32 0.28 5.8 7.3 0.288 0.36 6.3 8.3 0.322 0.28 6.47 7.1 0.279 0.33 6.97 6.9 0.275 0.24 7.14 7.8 0.306 0.46 7.65 8.5 0.328 0.3 7.81 9.1 0.348 0.31 8.32 7.3 0.286 0.22 8.49 9.2 0.353 0.31 8.99 6.4 0.256 0.15 9.16 7.9 0.309 0.22 9.33 6.8 0.269 0.19 9.83 8.7 0.333 0.45 10.49 7.2 0.285 0.36 10.65 6.9 0.273 0.16 10.97 7.1 0.281 0.51 11.13 7.8 0.304 0.52 11.29 6.7 0.267 0.48 11.61 6.3 0.252 0.48 11.93 6.3 0.278 0.5 12.26 6.5 0.252 0.51 12.42 6.5 0.259 0.52 12.58 6.7 0.261 0.18 13.06 4.7 0.268 0.04 13.22 5 0.2 0.04 13.54 5.3 0.208 0.07 13.7 4.6 0.221 0.04 13.86 4.4 0.195 0.02 14.34 5.7 0.188 0.48 14.5 5.9 0.233 0.19 14.82 5.7 0.239 0.4 14.98 6 0.232 0.41 15.14 4.8 0.244 0.46 15.62 5.3 0.201 0.22 15.78 5.1 0.218 0.14 16.26 3.5 0.212 0.03 16.91 - - 0.01 17.07 - - 0 17.39 - - 0 17.55 - - 0.01 17.71 - - 0 18.03 - - 0 18.19 - - 0.04 18.51 - - 0 18.68 - - 0 18.84 - - 0.02 19.01 - - 0.01 19.18 - - 0 19.34 - - 0.02 19.51 - - 0.02 19.84 - - 0.02 20.01 - - 0.02 20.18 - - 0.02 20.51 - - 0.02 20.68 - - 0.02 20.85 - - 0.02 21.18 - - 0 21.35 - - 0 21.68 - - 0 21.85 - - 0 22.01 - - 0 22.18 - - 0 22.35 - - 0 22.51 - - 0.01 22.68 - - 0.01 23.1 - - 0.01 23.43 - - 0.01 23.77 - - 0.01 24.1 - - 0.01 24.43 - - 0.01 25.1 - - 0.01 25.44 - - 0.01 25.77 - - 0.01 26.44 - - 0.01 26.77 - - 0 27.11 - - 0.01 27.78 - - 0.01 28.11 - - 0.01 28.44 - - 0.01 29.11 - - 0.01 29.45 - - 0.01 29.78 - - 0.01 30.12 - - 0 30.45 - - 0.01