Okhotsk Sea MD01-2412 Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Okhotsk Sea MD01-2412 Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 12/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Naomi Harada, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-115 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Harada, N., et al. 2006. Okhotsk Sea MD01-2412 Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-115. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Harada, N., N. Ahagon, T. Sakamoto, M. Uchida, M. Ikehara, and Y. Shibata. 2006. Rapid fluctuation of alkenone temperature in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea during the past 120 ky. Global and Planetary Change, Vol. 53, pp. 29-46. ABSTRACT: Sea-ice expansion in the Okhotsk Sea in winter is sensitively affected by global warming and cooling. Regionally, the southwestern Okhotsk Sea is closely linked to climate change in East Asia, including Japan, because the cold sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea influences directly the development of the Okhotsk atmospheric high-pressure system, and the activated Okhotsk high causes cold climatic conditions in northern Japan. Therefore, environmental change in the Okhotsk Sea indicates two-way interactions as a sensitive mirror reflecting global climate change and as a driving force of regional climate change. To better understand how surface environmental changes in the Okhotsk Sea can influence climate change in East Asia, SSTs were estimated in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea for the past 120 ky with millennial to centennial time resolution using the long-chain unsaturated alkyl ketone (alkenone) thermometer. The alkenone temperature, which corresponds to the SST to 20m depth in autumn, showed repeated abrupt changes at a centennial timescale, especially during the last glacial period, 20–60 ky before present (BP). The alkenone temperature changed concurrently with changes from interstadials (warm events) to stadials (cold events) in the d18O record of the ice cores from Greenland, although some interstadials could not be identified in the alkenone temperature record. A wavelet power spectrum analysis showed that a periodicity of about 8 ky was prominent during 10–90 ky BP, and a 4- to 5- ky cycle was characteristic during 30–40 ky BP in the alkenone temperature records. These periodicities were both similar and dissimilar to those in the Polar Circulation Index, which is based on the atmospheric circulation intensity at high latitudes, as recorded by major-ion concentrations in GISP2. Both the similarity and dissimilarity imply that the SST in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea is controlled mainly by the atmosphere–ocean circulation system in the Northern Hemisphere; however, the relationship between the SST in the Okhotsk Sea and the climate in the Greenland is not linear. Anomalously high alkenone temperatures occurred repeatedly in the glacial period. These warm alkenone temperature episodes would have had multiple causes. In particular, high alkenone temperatures during the last glacial maximum (LGM) have been reported previously for locations near this study site. More investigations are necessary to understand what happened in the Okhotsk Sea and in adjacent seas at the time of the LGM. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Okhotsk Sea, Northwest Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 120 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (KAKENHI No. 14540458). DESCRIPTION: Sea surface temperature data derived from alkenones, phytoplankton-produced biomarkers used as a proxy for past sea surface conditions; the data reveal abrupt changes of SST in the south-western Okhotsk Sea over the past 120 kyr. Data from Okhotsk Sea IMAGES core MD01-2412: 44 deg. 31.65'N, 145 deg. 0.25'E, 1225m water depth. The alkenone unsaturation index, UK'37, which is the ratio of methyl alkenones with 37 carbon atoms and two double bonds to those with two or three double bonds [UK'37 = [C37:2)/[C37:2 + C37:3)], is a proxy for a water temperature. The calibration equation, UK'37 = 0.034T (DegreeC) + 0.039, was used. An age model was constructed by using multiple proxies: radiocarbon ages of planktonic foraminiferal tests (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, test sizes > 125 um); oxygen isotopic stratigraphy of benthic foraminifera (Uvigerina akitaensis, test sizes > 180 um); variations of biogenic opal content; and tephrochronology. Eleven 14C ages, 1.85, 3.17, 8.2, 9.76, 23.66, 27.85, 28.91, 36.98, 37.2, 40.89, and 43.45 kyr BP, were determined at the AMS facility of the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan (Tandem Accelerator for Environmental Research and Radiocarbon Analysis). The 14C reservoir age, 784 yr, which is the mean northwestern North Pacific reservoir age (Kuzumin et al., 2001), was used. Radiocarbon ages <21 kyr BP were converted to calendar ages by using the CALIB4.4 program (Stuiver and Braziunas, 1993) and its data set (Stuiver et al., 1998a, 1998b), and ages >21 kyr BP were converted by the polynomial equation of Bard (1998). Plural alkenone temperatures at the same depth indicate the results of duplicate or triplicate analysis. DATA: Column 1: Depth (m) Column 2: Calender age foram (kyrBP) Column 3: UK'37 Alkenone Column 4: Temperature (deg.C) Depth Age UK'37 Alkenone temp (deg.C) 0.012 0 0.348 9.1 0.162 0.26 0.478 12.9 0.237 0.39 0.476 12.8 0.312 0.52 0.476 12.9 0.387 0.65 0.478 12.9 0.464 0.78 0.473 12.8 0.54 0.92 0.472 12.7 0.614 1.05 0.458 12.3 0.689 1.18 0.47 12.7 0.763 1.3 0.48 13 0.838 1.43 0.482 13 0.914 1.57 0.481 13 0.933 1.6 0.469 12.7 1.078 1.85 0.479 12.9 1.153 1.88 0.504 13.7 1.228 1.92 0.471 12.7 1.3 1.95 0.473 12.8 1.373 1.98 0.468 12.6 1.447 2.02 0.451 12.1 1.52 2.05 0.45 12.1 1.595 2.08 0.458 12.3 1.669 2.12 0.467 12.6 1.742 2.15 0.438 11.7 1.817 2.19 0.445 11.9 1.891 2.22 0.431 11.5 1.968 2.25 0.451 12.1 2.044 2.29 0.448 12 2.117 2.32 0.471 12.7 2.191 2.36 0.443 11.9 2.264 2.39 0.451 12.1 2.339 2.42 0.448 12 2.389 2.45 0.446 12 2.413 2.46 0.458 12.3 2.563 2.52 0.468 12.6 2.639 2.56 0.485 13.1 2.714 2.59 0.485 13.1 2.79 2.63 0.476 12.8 2.865 2.66 0.488 13.2 2.94 2.7 0.477 12.9 3.015 2.73 0.468 12.6 3.09 2.76 0.478 12.9 3.166 2.8 0.468 12.6 3.241 2.83 0.473 12.8 3.316 2.87 0.463 12.5 3.392 2.9 0.451 12.1 3.466 2.94 0.464 12.5 3.542 2.97 0.44 11.8 3.62 3.01 0.446 12 3.695 3.04 0.447 12 3.772 3.07 0.446 12 3.849 3.11 0.425 11.3 3.859 3.11 0.416 11.1 4.057 3.25 0.416 11.1 4.13 3.34 0.415 11.1 4.206 3.42 0.422 11.3 4.28 3.51 0.418 11.1 4.357 3.59 0.434 11.6 4.432 3.68 0.434 11.6 4.507 3.76 0.43 11.5 4.582 3.85 0.427 11.4 4.657 3.94 0.436 11.7 4.732 4.02 0.438 11.7 4.808 4.11 0.435 11.6 4.883 4.19 0.438 11.7 4.958 4.28 0.44 11.8 5.033 4.36 0.435 11.6 5.107 4.45 0.435 11.6 5.182 4.53 0.432 11.6 5.258 4.62 0.419 11.2 5.334 4.7 0.43 11.5 5.411 4.79 0.419 11.2 5.561 4.96 0.454 12.2 5.635 5.05 0.435 11.6 5.71 5.13 0.452 12.2 5.785 5.22 0.468 12.6 5.86 5.3 0.415 11.1 5.935 5.39 0.449 12.1 6.01 5.47 0.438 11.7 6.085 5.56 0.439 11.8 6.16 5.64 0.471 12.7 6.236 5.73 0.468 12.6 6.311 5.82 0.464 12.5 6.386 5.9 0.457 12.3 6.461 5.99 0.428 11.4 6.538 6.07 0.419 11.2 6.611 6.16 0.449 12 6.686 6.24 0.429 11.5 6.686 6.24 0.433 11.6 6.761 6.33 0.433 11.6 6.761 6.33 0.434 11.6 6.836 6.41 0.464 12.5 6.91 6.5 0.443 11.9 7.06 6.67 0.443 11.9 7.135 6.75 0.412 11 7.209 6.84 0.433 11.6 7.284 6.92 0.427 11.4 7.359 7.01 0.411 10.9 7.434 7.09 0.429 11.5 7.509 7.18 0.425 11.4 7.509 7.18 0.438 11.7 7.584 7.26 0.433 11.6 7.659 7.35 0.458 12.3 7.734 7.43 0.443 11.9 7.811 7.52 0.461 12.4 7.94 7.67 0.438 11.7 8.014 7.75 0.463 12.5 8.091 7.84 0.44 11.8 8.166 7.92 0.444 11.9 8.241 8.01 0.45 12.1 8.316 8.09 0.439 11.8 8.382 8.17 0.408 10.9 8.397 8.19 0.414 11 8.545 8.34 0.427 11.4 8.62 8.42 0.392 10.4 8.695 8.5 0.408 10.8 8.768 8.58 0.394 10.4 8.843 8.65 0.36 9.4 8.917 8.73 0.409 10.9 8.991 8.81 0.398 10.6 9.064 8.89 0.406 10.8 9.139 8.96 0.456 12.3 9.214 9.04 0.412 11 9.288 9.12 0.419 11.2 9.363 9.2 0.415 11.1 9.437 9.28 0.404 10.7 9.512 9.35 0.413 11 9.586 9.43 0.405 10.8 9.66 9.51 0.407 10.8 9.735 9.59 0.397 10.5 9.81 9.67 0.417 11.1 9.877 9.74 0.407 10.8 9.9 9.76 0.4 10.6 10.041 10.19 0.409 10.9 10.118 10.42 0.396 10.5 10.193 10.65 0.478 12.9 10.268 10.88 0.496 13.4 10.344 11.11 0.412 11 10.42 11.35 0.392 10.4 10.495 11.58 0.423 11.3 10.569 11.8 0.407 10.8 10.644 12.03 0.451 12.1 10.721 12.27 0.396 10.5 10.795 12.49 0.375 9.9 10.87 12.72 0.367 9.6 10.947 12.96 0.351 9.2 11.021 13.18 0.36 9.4 11.096 13.41 0.351 9.2 11.17 13.64 0.41 10.9 11.246 13.87 0.576 15.8 11.322 14.1 0.419 11.2 11.322 14.1 0.421 11.2 11.387 14.3 0.376 9.9 11.537 14.76 0.305 7.8 11.609 14.98 0.296 7.6 11.683 15.2 0.292 7.4 11.758 15.43 0.314 8.1 11.832 15.66 0.308 7.9 11.906 15.88 0.306 7.9 11.98 16.11 0.408 10.8 12.053 16.33 0.272 6.9 12.126 16.56 0.497 13.5 12.2 16.78 0.412 11 12.2 16.78 0.503 13.7 12.274 17.01 0.495 13.4 12.347 17.23 0.513 13.9 12.347 17.23 0.49 13.3 12.347 17.23 0.504 13.7 12.42 17.45 0.5 13.6 12.42 17.45 0.499 13.5 12.493 17.68 0.488 13.2 12.493 17.68 0.51 13.9 12.567 17.9 0.486 13.2 12.567 17.9 0.506 13.7 12.567 17.9 0.476 12.9 12.64 18.12 0.497 13.5 12.714 18.35 0.558 15.3 12.788 18.58 0.564 15.4 12.863 18.81 0.519 14.1 12.888 18.88 0.52 14.2 13.04 19.35 0.504 13.7 13.113 19.57 0.43 11.5 13.188 19.8 0.509 13.8 13.262 20.02 0.483 13.1 13.336 20.25 0.405 10.8 13.41 20.48 0.498 13.5 13.485 20.71 0.472 12.7 13.559 20.93 0.483 13.1 13.632 21.16 0.473 12.8 13.708 21.39 0.473 12.8 13.781 21.61 0.468 12.6 13.855 21.84 0.456 12.3 13.93 22.06 0.478 12.9 14.004 22.29 0.484 13.1 14.079 22.52 0.469 12.7 14.152 22.74 0.452 12.1 14.226 22.97 0.459 12.3 14.301 23.2 0.499 13.5 14.372 23.41 0.48 13 14.392 23.47 0.511 13.9 14.54 23.78 0.481 13 14.614 23.89 0.474 12.8 14.688 23.99 0.495 13.4 14.761 24.09 0.478 12.9 14.761 24.09 0.481 13 14.835 24.19 0.463 12.5 14.909 24.3 0.507 13.8 14.983 24.4 0.489 13.2 15.056 24.5 0.471 12.7 15.13 24.6 0.428 11.4 15.203 24.71 0.479 12.9 15.277 24.81 0.493 13.4 15.352 24.91 0.515 14 15.426 25.02 0.476 12.8 15.5 25.12 0.451 12.1 15.574 25.22 0.503 13.6 15.647 25.32 0.529 14.4 15.72 25.43 0.491 13.3 15.795 25.53 0.513 13.9 15.795 25.53 0.47 12.7 15.865 25.63 0.48 13 15.884 25.66 0.417 11.1 16.032 25.86 0.554 15.1 16.032 25.86 0.589 16.2 16.106 25.96 0.402 10.7 16.18 26.07 0.531 14.5 16.254 26.17 0.469 12.7 16.327 26.27 0.417 11.1 16.401 26.38 0.434 11.6 16.476 26.48 0.428 11.4 16.55 26.58 0.295 7.5 16.624 26.69 0.459 12.4 16.696 26.79 0.515 14 16.77 26.89 0.441 11.8 16.844 26.99 0.401 10.6 16.917 27.09 0.361 9.5 16.992 27.2 0.537 14.6 17.065 27.3 0.529 14.4 17.139 27.4 0.561 15.3 17.213 27.51 0.47 12.7 17.288 27.61 0.543 14.8 17.363 27.72 0.544 14.9 17.533 27.96 0.505 13.7 17.608 28.07 0.401 10.6 17.829 28.41 0.465 12.5 17.904 28.52 0.425 11.4 17.978 28.63 0.456 12.3 18.051 28.74 0.388 10.3 18.126 28.85 0.316 8.1 18.2 28.97 0.316 8.2 18.276 29.08 0.331 8.6 18.351 29.19 0.406 10.8 18.427 29.31 0.422 11.3 18.499 29.42 0.369 9.7 18.575 29.53 0.37 9.7 18.649 29.64 0.505 13.7 18.725 29.76 0.383 10.1 18.795 29.86 0.383 10.1 18.812 29.89 0.407 10.8 18.962 30.11 0.388 10.3 19.037 30.23 0.461 12.4 19.111 30.34 0.414 11 19.185 30.45 0.429 11.5 19.258 30.56 0.409 10.9 19.331 30.67 0.371 9.8 19.331 30.67 0.402 10.7 19.331 30.67 0.422 11.3 19.407 30.78 0.397 10.5 19.48 30.89 0.27 6.8 19.555 31.01 0.349 9.1 19.629 31.12 0.31 8 19.703 31.23 0.289 7.3 19.777 31.34 0.321 8.3 19.85 31.45 0.342 8.9 19.923 31.56 0.295 7.5 19.998 31.67 0.318 8.2 20.071 31.78 0.287 7.3 20.147 31.9 0.357 9.4 20.221 32.01 0.432 11.6 20.248 32.05 0.49 13.3 20.323 32.16 0.394 10.4 20.546 32.5 0.42 11.2 20.62 32.7 0.455 12.2 20.769 33.1 0.474 12.8 20.844 33.3 0.523 14.2 20.919 33.5 0.309 7.9 20.945 33.57 0.549 15 21.097 33.97 0.458 12.3 21.172 34.17 0.39 10.3 21.247 34.38 0.456 12.3 21.322 34.58 0.427 11.4 21.397 34.78 0.369 9.7 21.469 34.97 0.403 10.7 21.542 35.16 0.347 9.1 21.616 35.36 0.383 10.1 21.689 35.56 0.481 13 21.763 35.75 0.429 11.5 21.835 35.95 0.406 10.8 21.909 36.14 0.373 9.8 21.982 36.34 0.338 8.8 22.059 36.55 0.357 9.3 22.136 36.75 0.388 10.3 22.209 36.95 0.377 10 22.228 37 0.473 12.8 22.377 37.4 0.507 13.8 22.377 37.4 0.539 14.7 22.453 37.61 0.517 14.1 22.527 37.82 0.511 13.9 22.603 38.02 0.442 11.8 22.678 38.23 0.313 8.1 22.752 38.43 0.398 10.6 22.827 38.64 0.328 8.5 22.901 38.84 0.382 10.1 22.974 39.04 0.317 8.2 23.049 39.25 0.312 8 23.124 39.46 0.306 7.8 23.197 39.66 0.286 7.3 23.273 39.86 0.357 9.4 23.348 40.07 0.264 6.6 23.425 40.28 0.297 7.6 23.498 40.48 0.279 7.1 23.574 40.69 0.294 7.5 23.632 40.85 0.494 13.4 23.787 41.22 0.438 11.7 23.86 41.39 0.277 7 23.934 41.56 0.284 7.2 24.008 41.73 0.47 12.7 24.085 41.91 0.209 5 24.159 42.08 0.4 10.6 24.233 42.25 0.468 12.6 24.306 42.42 0.35 9.1 24.379 42.59 0.376 9.9 24.454 42.76 0.332 8.6 24.527 42.93 0.39 10.3 24.602 43.11 0.38 10 24.677 43.28 0.377 9.9 24.863 43.96 0.326 8.4 24.935 44.29 0.332 8.6 25.01 44.62 0.321 8.3 25.083 44.95 0.307 7.9 25.157 45.29 0.29 7.4 25.235 45.64 0.305 7.8 25.308 45.97 0.286 7.3 25.382 46.3 0.304 7.8 25.458 46.64 0.282 7.2 25.532 46.98 0.299 7.6 25.607 47.31 0.301 7.7 25.674 47.62 0.296 7.6 25.718 47.81 0.314 8.1 25.866 48.48 0.304 7.8 25.944 48.83 0.351 9.2 26.015 49.15 0.302 7.7 26.077 49.43 0.306 7.9 26.167 49.84 0.293 7.5 26.241 50.17 0.442 11.8 26.316 50.51 0.443 11.9 26.39 50.84 0.27 6.8 26.465 51.18 0.483 13.1 26.538 51.51 0.368 9.7 26.613 51.84 0.361 9.5 26.687 52.18 0.371 9.8 26.762 52.52 0.308 7.9 26.836 52.85 0.367 9.7 26.912 53.19 0.375 9.9 26.984 53.52 0.434 11.6 27.063 53.87 0.369 9.7 27.137 54.2 0.293 7.5 27.289 54.89 0.298 7.6 27.363 55.22 0.383 10.1 27.439 55.54 0.308 7.9 27.514 55.78 0.286 7.3 27.589 56.03 0.278 7 27.663 56.28 0.284 7.2 27.737 56.53 0.294 7.5 27.812 56.77 0.29 7.4 27.887 57.02 0.303 7.8 27.961 57.27 0.266 6.7 28.035 57.52 0.283 7.2 28.108 57.76 0.297 7.6 28.184 58.01 0.318 8.2 28.247 58.22 0.291 7.4 28.401 58.73 0.378 10 28.477 58.99 0.328 8.5 28.551 59.23 0.353 9.2 28.627 59.48 0.369 9.7 28.701 59.73 0.303 7.8 28.775 59.97 0.335 8.7 28.849 60.22 0.333 8.6 28.924 60.47 0.334 8.7 28.998 60.72 0.306 7.9 29.074 60.97 0.324 8.4 29.147 61.21 0.337 8.8 29.221 61.46 0.322 8.3 29.295 61.7 0.312 8 29.366 61.94 0.307 7.9 29.44 62.19 0.288 7.3 29.462 62.26 0.273 6.9 29.535 62.5 0.275 6.9 29.687 63.01 0.276 7 29.762 63.26 0.237 5.8 29.835 63.5 0.272 6.8 29.91 63.75 0.262 6.6 29.986 64 0.257 6.4 30.059 64.24 0.257 6.4 30.134 64.49 0.257 6.4 30.207 64.73 0.27 6.8 30.283 64.99 0.265 6.6 30.357 65.23 0.248 6.1 30.43 65.48 0.256 6.4 30.505 65.72 0.255 6.4 30.578 65.97 0.25 6.2 30.602 66.05 0.255 6.4 30.624 66.12 0.259 6.5 30.771 66.61 0.248 6.1 30.845 66.86 0.24 5.9 30.92 67.1 0.245 6.1 30.994 67.35 0.25 6.2 31.069 67.6 0.26 6.5 31.144 67.85 0.241 5.9 31.217 68.09 0.237 5.8 31.292 68.34 0.247 6.1 31.366 68.59 0.243 6 31.439 68.83 0.245 6.1 31.665 69.22 0.246 6.1 31.665 69.22 0.248 6.2 31.713 69.3 0.242 6 31.788 69.43 0.258 6.5 31.861 69.56 0.259 6.5 31.936 69.68 0.275 6.9 32.01 69.81 0.298 7.6 32.084 69.94 0.289 7.4 32.158 70.07 0.275 6.9 32.229 70.19 0.276 7 32.306 70.32 0.271 6.8 32.381 70.45 0.269 6.8 32.453 70.57 0.249 6.2 32.527 70.7 0.27 6.8 32.601 70.83 0.258 6.4 32.674 70.95 0.274 6.9 32.748 71.08 0.275 6.9 32.822 71.21 0.27 6.8 32.993 71.5 0.266 6.7 33.143 71.76 0.244 6 33.216 71.89 0.271 6.8 33.288 72.01 0.284 7.2 33.36 72.13 0.282 7.2 33.435 72.26 0.303 7.8 33.509 72.39 0.318 8.2 33.583 72.52 0.319 8.2 33.656 72.64 0.316 8.1 33.73 72.77 0.26 6.5 33.802 72.89 0.306 7.9 33.875 73.02 0.304 7.8 33.949 73.15 0.271 6.8 34.023 73.27 0.3 7.7 34.095 73.4 0.284 7.2 34.171 73.53 0.283 7.2 34.243 73.65 0.289 7.4 34.316 73.78 0.295 7.5 34.391 73.91 0.298 7.6 34.467 74.04 0.295 7.5 34.493 74.08 0.296 7.6 34.64 74.34 0.295 7.5 34.714 74.46 0.288 7.3 34.789 74.59 0.289 7.4 34.862 74.72 0.295 7.5 34.936 74.85 0.308 7.9 35.01 74.97 0.298 7.6 35.085 75.1 0.304 7.8 35.161 75.23 0.27 6.8 35.236 75.36 0.265 6.7 35.307 75.48 0.26 6.5 35.383 75.61 0.25 6.2 35.457 75.74 0.253 6.3 35.53 75.87 0.257 6.4 35.604 75.99 0.275 6.9 35.678 76.12 0.256 6.4 35.733 76.22 0.285 7.2 35.808 76.35 0.315 8.1 35.833 76.39 0.294 7.5 35.982 76.65 0.304 7.8 36.129 76.9 0.29 7.4 36.203 77.02 0.307 7.9 36.279 77.16 0.313 8 36.357 77.29 0.332 8.6 36.432 77.42 0.336 8.7 36.508 77.55 0.337 8.8 36.583 77.68 0.323 8.3 36.659 77.81 0.313 8.1 36.729 77.93 0.319 8.2 36.802 78.06 0.329 8.5 36.877 78.18 0.341 8.9 36.95 78.31 0.349 9.1 37.027 78.44 0.334 8.7 37.098 78.57 0.334 8.7 37.174 78.69 0.341 8.9 37.299 78.91 0.378 10 37.324 78.95 0.371 9.8 37.374 79.04 0.385 10.2 37.448 79.17 0.384 10.1 37.521 79.31 0.403 10.7 37.594 79.49 0.396 10.5 37.669 79.68 0.407 10.8 37.741 79.86 0.416 11.1 37.815 80.04 0.404 10.7 37.888 80.23 0.406 10.8 37.963 80.41 0.416 11.1 37.963 80.41 0.405 10.8 38.114 80.79 0.414 11 38.188 80.97 0.417 11.1 38.263 81.16 0.416 11.1 38.335 81.34 0.415 11.1 38.408 81.52 0.429 11.5 38.548 81.87 0.419 11.2 38.695 82.24 0.437 11.7 38.769 82.42 0.427 11.4 38.843 82.61 0.421 11.2 38.916 82.79 0.411 10.9 38.99 82.97 0.411 10.9 39.063 83.16 0.41 10.9 39.137 83.34 0.404 10.7 39.211 83.53 0.402 10.7 39.286 83.71 0.389 10.3 39.358 83.89 0.353 9.2 39.431 84.07 0.366 9.6 39.504 84.25 0.361 9.5 39.578 84.44 0.371 9.8 39.651 84.62 0.359 9.4 39.724 84.8 0.357 9.4 39.797 84.99 0.356 9.3 39.871 85.17 0.345 9 39.946 85.36 0.332 8.6 40.054 85.63 0.401 10.7 40.123 85.8 0.35 9.2 40.277 86.18 0.347 9.1 40.429 86.56 0.399 10.6 40.579 86.94 0.378 10 40.654 87.12 0.426 11.4 40.728 87.31 0.388 10.3 40.802 87.49 0.422 11.3 40.875 87.67 0.419 11.2 40.95 87.86 0.405 10.8 41.02 88.06 0.366 9.6 41.168 88.64 0.369 9.7 41.243 88.93 0.359 9.4 41.317 89.22 0.385 10.2 41.334 89.29 0.392 10.4 41.343 89.32 0.357 9.4 41.486 89.89 0.365 9.6 41.56 90.18 0.354 9.3 41.634 90.47 0.367 9.6 41.708 90.76 0.374 9.8 41.782 91.02 0.401 10.7 41.856 91.24 0.421 11.2 41.93 91.45 0.377 9.9 42.005 91.67 0.357 9.4 42.079 91.88 0.38 10 42.153 92.09 0.367 9.7 42.226 92.31 0.349 9.1 42.3 92.52 0.344 9 42.374 92.73 0.354 9.3 42.447 92.95 0.357 9.4 42.522 93.16 0.361 9.5 42.597 93.38 0.373 9.8 42.666 93.58 0.353 9.2 42.685 93.63 0.347 9 42.833 94.06 0.358 9.4 42.906 94.27 0.371 9.8 42.979 94.48 0.381 10.1 43.054 94.7 0.398 10.6 43.128 94.92 0.377 10 43.203 95.13 0.398 10.6 43.277 95.35 0.404 10.7 43.352 95.56 0.405 10.8 43.427 95.78 0.4 10.6 43.501 95.99 0.398 10.6 43.576 96.21 0.401 10.7 43.649 96.42 0.408 10.9 43.723 96.64 0.391 10.4 43.797 96.83 0.36 9.4 43.87 97.04 0.416 11.1 43.944 97.24 0.428 11.5 44.018 97.45 0.426 11.4 44.116 97.73 0.422 11.3 44.162 97.86 0.338 8.8 44.185 97.92 0.402 10.7 44.339 98.35 0.426 11.4 44.415 98.57 0.417 11.1 44.49 98.78 0.414 11 44.565 98.99 0.453 12.2 44.638 99.2 0.41 10.9 44.713 99.41 0.505 13.7 44.787 99.62 0.443 11.9 44.862 99.83 0.425 11.3 44.936 100.03 0.39 10.3 45.011 100.25 0.443 11.9 45.086 100.46 0.535 14.6 45.16 100.66 0.445 11.9 45.234 100.87 0.42 11.2 45.383 101.29 0.436 11.7 45.457 101.5 0.467 12.6 45.532 101.71 0.429 11.5 45.606 101.92 0.42 11.2 45.682 102.13 0.433 11.6 45.744 102.31 0.436 11.7 45.893 102.73 0.448 12 45.968 102.94 0.468 12.6 46.043 103.15 0.481 13 46.118 103.33 0.434 11.6 46.192 103.46 0.464 12.5 46.266 103.59 0.456 12.3 46.341 103.72 0.483 13.1 46.412 103.84 0.48 13 46.488 103.97 0.485 13.1 46.562 104.1 0.485 13.1 46.636 104.23 0.501 13.6 46.709 104.35 0.505 13.7 46.784 104.48 0.49 13.3 46.859 104.61 0.445 11.9 46.859 104.61 0.441 11.8 46.933 104.74 0.518 14.1 47.007 104.87 0.498 13.5 47.082 105 0.556 15.2 47.157 105.13 0.551 15.1 47.224 105.24 0.505 13.7 47.24 105.27 0.51 13.8 47.39 105.53 0.519 14.1 47.463 105.66 0.513 14 47.54 105.79 0.504 13.7 47.614 105.92 0.489 13.2 47.688 106.04 0.515 14 47.762 106.17 0.524 14.3 47.836 106.3 0.503 13.6 47.91 106.43 0.492 13.3 47.984 106.55 0.473 12.8 48.059 106.68 0.505 13.7 48.133 106.81 0.51 13.8 48.207 106.94 0.442 11.9 48.283 107.07 0.459 12.4 48.357 107.2 0.451 12.1 48.431 107.33 0.457 12.3 48.504 107.45 0.467 12.6 48.578 107.58 0.422 11.3 48.651 107.71 0.458 12.3 48.741 107.86 0.346 9 48.816 107.99 0.45 12.1 48.89 108.12 0.469 12.7 48.965 108.25 0.485 13.1 49.039 108.38 0.544 14.8 49.113 108.5 0.554 15.1 49.188 108.63 0.541 14.8 49.263 108.76 0.569 15.6 49.336 108.89 0.563 15.4 49.411 109.02 0.557 15.2 49.485 109.15 0.504 13.7 49.56 109.27 0.537 14.6 49.634 109.4 0.538 14.7 49.708 109.53 0.526 14.3 49.783 109.66 0.528 14.4 49.856 109.79 0.513 13.9 49.932 109.92 0.536 14.6 50.005 110.04 0.526 14.3 50.079 110.17 0.527 14.4 50.154 110.3 0.518 14.1 50.288 110.53 0.503 13.6 50.311 110.57 0.495 13.4 50.387 110.7 0.433 11.6 50.461 110.84 0.469 12.7 50.61 111.16 0.532 14.5 50.684 111.32 0.528 14.4 50.761 111.49 0.511 13.9 50.832 111.64 0.55 15 50.907 111.8 0.586 16.1 50.983 111.96 0.537 14.6 51.057 112.12 0.554 15.1 51.129 112.28 0.541 14.8 51.207 112.44 0.553 15.1 51.281 112.6 0.472 12.7 51.357 112.77 0.522 14.2 51.428 112.92 0.522 14.2 51.501 113.07 0.507 13.8 51.575 113.23 0.472 12.7 51.649 113.39 0.442 11.8 51.724 113.55 0.403 10.7 51.796 113.71 0.33 8.6 51.944 114.03 0.382 10.1 52.018 114.18 0.418 11.2 52.093 114.34 0.392 10.4 52.167 114.5 0.375 9.9 52.242 114.66 0.399 10.6 52.317 114.83 0.358 9.4 52.393 114.99 0.369 9.7 52.468 115.15 0.348 9.1 52.542 115.31 0.344 9 52.617 115.97 0.38 10