# Late Miocene to Present Global Ocean Alkenone and SST Reconstruction Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25390 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp887.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Dataset_DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2018-10-10 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2018-10-10 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Late Miocene to Present Global Ocean Alkenone and SST Reconstruction Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Herbert, T.D.; Lawrence, K.T.; Tzanova, A.; Peterson, L.C.; Caballero-Gill, R.; Kelly, C.S. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Note: age models for Sites 907 and 982 refined following publication of Herbert et al., 2016 NGS # Provided Keywords: Global ocean cooling, mid-Miocene to Present #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Herbert, T.D., Lawrence, K.T.,Tzanova, A., Peterson, L.C., Caballero-Gill, R., and Kelly, C.S. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Published_Title: Late Miocene Global Cooling and the Rise of Modern Ecosystems # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 9 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 843-847 # Report_Number: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2813 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: During the late Miocene epoch, about seven million years ago, large areas of the continents experienced drying, enhanced seasonality, and a restructuring of terrestrial plant and animal communities. These changes are seen throughout the subtropics, but have typically been attributed to regional tectonic forcing. Here we present a set of globally distributed sea surface temperature records spanning the past 12 million years based on the alkenone unsaturation method. We find that a sustained late Miocene cooling occurred synchronously in both hemispheres, and culminated with ocean temperatures dipping to near-modern values between about 7 and 5.4 million years ago. The period of maximum cooling coincides with evidence for transient glaciations in the Northern Hemisphere and with a steepening of the pole-to-equator temperature gradient, as well. We thus infer that late Miocene aridity and terrestrial ecosystem changes occurred in a global context of increasing meridional temperature gradients. We conclude that a global forcing mechanism, such as the previously hypothesized decline in atmospheric CO2 levels between eight and six million years ago, is required to explain the late Miocene changes in temperature, climate and ecosystems. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences # Grant: 1459280, 1545859 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Evolving Earth Foundation # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP 887 # Location: North Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 54.36535 # Southernmost_Latitude: 54.36535 # Easternmost_Longitude: -148.4463 # Westernmost_Longitude: -148.4463 # Elevation: -3636 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: ODP887-2016alkenones Herbert # First_Year: 7329800 # Last_Year: 5150200 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: Uk'37 measurement precision typically 0.005 units #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # chronology taken from Herbert et al. 2016 # Event age_ka error_ka depth_(mbsf) # core top 0 5 0 # C1n base 781 5 43.05 # C1r.1n 988 5 52.65 # C1r.1n 1068 5 56.25 # C2n 1785 5 75.3 # C2n base 1968 5 78.95 # C2An.1n 2582 20 87.4 # C2An.1n base 3034 20 98.3 # C2An.2n 3119 20 100.5 # C2An.2n base 3215 20 102.6 # C2An.3n 3333 20 103.4 # C2An.3n base 3597 20 105.85 # C3n.1n 4187 20 120.95 # C3n.1n base 4300 20 122 # C3n.2n 4493 20 125.15 # C3n.2nbase 4632 20 126.75 # C3n.3n 4799 20 127.2 # C3n.3n base 4896 20 135.1 # C3n.4n 4998 20 143.5 # C3n.4n base 5235 20 148.65 # C3An.1n 6030 20 166.25 # C3An.1n base 6265 20 171.15 # C3An.2n 6440 40 181.75 # C3An.2n base 6730 40 188.6 # C3Bn 7100 40 192.2 # C3Bn base 7210 40 192.8 # C3Br.1n 7250 40 193.6 # C3Br.1n base 7290 40 194.8 # CBr.2n 7450 40 197.8 # C4n.1n base 7640 40 199.25 # C4n.2 7700 40 199.75 # C4n.2n 8110 40 205.45 # C4r.1n 8260 40 206.8 # C4r.1n base 8300 40 207.4 # C4An 8660 40 211.8 # C4An base 9100 40 215.1 # C4Ar.1n 9311 40 215.6 # C4Ar.1n base 9410 40 216 # C4Ar.2n 9656 40 219.75 # C5n.1n 9779 40 220.75 # C5n.1n base 9934 40 222.8 # C5n.2n 9987 40 223 # # C5r.1n 11120 40 232.25 # C5r.1n base 11150 40 232.6 # C5r.2n 11554 40 235.15 # C5r.2n base 11614 40 235.75 # C5An.1n 12014 40 238.2 # C5An.1n base 12116 40 239.15 # C5An.2n 12207 40 240.05 # C5An.2n base 12415 40 241.75 # C5A4.1n 12730 40 243.45 # C5A4.1n base 12765 40 243.85 # C5A4.2n 12820 40 244.65 # C5A4.2n base 12878 40 245.35 # C5AA.n 13015 40 245.5 # C5AA.n base 13156 40 247.3 # 5AB 13320 40 248.45 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## sitename sample identification,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,Site ## Hole notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,hole name ## core notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,core ## section notes,,,,,paleoceanography,,,C,section ## cm_top depth at sample end,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## cm_base depth at sample start,,,centimeter,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## depth_mbsf depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,shipboard meters below sea floor ## depth_mcd depth,,,meter,,paleoceanography,,,N,composite depth ## age_kaBP age,,,calendar kiloyear before present,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## age_uncert_ka age,,90% confidence interval margin of error,calendar kiloyear before present,,paleoceanography,,,N, ## Uk'37 alkenone unsaturation index,sediment,,dimensionless,,paleoceanography,,gas chromatography - flame ionization detection,N,GC-FID ## SST_P sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,SST calibration following F.G. Prahl et al., 1988; estimated ## SST_M sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,,,N,SST calibration following P.J. Muller et al. 1998; estimated ## SST_anom-M sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,anomalized,,N,SST anomaly relative to modern; Muller calibration ## SST_anom_back sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,,degree Celsius,,climate reconstructions,anomalized,,N,SST anomaly relative to modern; backtraced for paleolatitude/longitude #------------------------ # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing_Values: NaN sitename Hole core section cm_top cm_base depth_mbsf depth_mcd age_kaBP age_uncert_ka Uk'37 SST_P SST_M SST_anom-M SST_anom_back 887 C 17 5 40 42 147.2 NaN 5150.2 39.6 0.504 13.66 13.93 6.73 6.34 887 C 17 6 40 42 148.7 NaN 5223 45.65 0.527 14.35 14.63 7.43 7.03 887 C 17 7 40 42 150.2 NaN 5291.9 58 0.400 10.61 10.78 3.58 3.18 887 C 18 1 50 52 150.8 NaN 5309.8 60.2 0.443 11.89 12.10 4.90 4.49 887 C 18 2 50 52 152.3 NaN 5354.1 95.4 0.445 11.95 12.16 4.96 4.55 887 C 18 3 50 52 153.8 NaN 5398 147.75 0.438 11.74 11.95 4.75 4.33 887 C 18 4 50 52 155.3 NaN 5446.8 184.55 0.408 10.86 11.04 3.84 3.41 887 C 18 4 50 52 155.3 NaN 5446.8 184.55 0.418 11.15 11.34 4.14 3.71 887 C 18 4 50 52 155.3 NaN 5446.8 184.55 0.422 11.26 11.45 4.25 3.82 887 C 18 4 50 52 155.3 NaN 5446.8 184.55 0.424 11.31 11.51 4.31 3.88 887 C 18 6 60 62 157.9 NaN 5568.2 184.05 0.314 8.09 8.18 0.98 0.54 887 C 19 1 5 7 159.85 NaN 5657.9 232.15 0.243 6.01 6.04 -1.16 -1.61 887 C 19 1 75 77 160.55 NaN 5688.9 217.35 0.314 8.09 8.18 0.98 0.53 887 C 19 2 5 7 161.35 NaN 5724.4 197 0.456 12.27 12.49 5.29 4.84 887 C 19 2 75 77 162.05 NaN 5755 179.9 0.250 6.21 6.25 -0.95 -1.40 887 C 19 3 5 7 162.85 NaN 5790 164.8 0.342 8.91 9.02 1.82 1.37 887 C 19 3 5 7 162.85 NaN 5790 164.8 0.352 9.22 9.35 2.15 1.69 887 C 19 3 75 77 163.55 NaN 5820.9 156.15 0.304 7.78 7.87 0.67 0.21 887 C 19 3 75 77 163.55 NaN 5820.9 156.15 0.314 8.10 8.19 0.99 0.53 887 C 19 4 5 7 164.35 NaN 5856.3 153.8 0.340 8.85 8.96 1.76 1.30 887 C 19 4 5 7 164.35 NaN 5856.3 153.8 0.373 9.83 9.98 2.78 2.31 887 C 19 4 75 77 165.05 NaN 5888.6 159.7 0.251 6.24 6.28 -0.92 -1.38 887 C 19 4 75 77 165.05 NaN 5888.6 159.7 0.272 6.85 6.90 -0.30 -0.76 887 C 19 5 5 7 165.85 NaN 5945 127.15 0.289 7.36 7.43 0.23 -0.24 887 C 19 5 5 7 165.85 NaN 5945 127.15 0.309 7.95 8.04 0.84 0.37 887 C 19 5 75 77 166.55 NaN 5994.3 98.85 0.318 8.21 8.31 1.11 0.63 887 C 19 6 5 7 167.35 NaN 6050.9 70.15 0.273 6.89 6.95 -0.25 -0.72 887 C 19 6 5 7 167.35 NaN 6050.9 70.15 0.301 7.71 7.79 0.59 0.11 887 C 19 6 75 77 168.05 NaN 6100.2 54.4 0.279 7.07 7.13 -0.07 -0.55 887 C 19 6 75 77 168.05 NaN 6100.2 54.4 0.296 7.57 7.65 0.45 -0.03 887 C 19 7 5 7 168.35 NaN 6121.3 51.55 0.266 6.67 6.72 -0.48 -0.96 887 C 19 7 5 7 168.35 NaN 6121.3 51.55 0.282 7.14 7.20 0.00 -0.48 887 C 19 7 60 62 168.9 NaN 6160 58.45 0.311 8.01 8.10 0.90 0.42 887 C 20 1 75 77 169.65 NaN 6213 84.1 0.239 5.87 5.90 -1.30 -1.79 887 C 20 2 5 7 170.85 NaN 6260.2 79.45 0.224 5.44 5.45 -1.75 -2.24 887 C 20 2 75 77 171.55 NaN 6279 68.75 0.237 5.84 5.86 -1.34 -1.83 887 C 20 3 5 7 172.35 NaN 6300.7 59.25 0.263 6.58 6.63 -0.57 -1.07 887 C 20 4 5 7 173.85 NaN 6341.4 67.7 0.286 7.26 7.33 0.13 -0.37 887 C 20 5 5 7 175.35 NaN 6377.9 88.5 0.268 6.74 6.79 -0.41 -0.91 887 C 20 5 75 77 176.05 NaN 6390 86.3 0.236 5.80 5.82 -1.38 -1.88 887 C 20 6 5 7 176.85 NaN 6404 84.4 0.354 9.26 9.39 2.19 1.69 887 C 20 6 75 77 177.55 NaN 6416.1 83.8 0.216 5.20 5.21 -1.99 -2.50 887 C 21 1 75 77 179.55 NaN 6450.8 100.8 0.265 6.65 6.70 -0.50 -1.01 887 C 21 2 5 7 180.35 NaN 6466.4 100 0.263 6.59 6.64 -0.56 -1.07 887 C 21 2 5 7 180.35 NaN 6466.4 100 0.288 7.33 7.40 0.20 -0.31 887 C 21 2 5 7 180.35 NaN 6466.4 100 0.297 7.60 7.68 0.48 -0.03 887 C 21 2 5 7 180.35 NaN 6466.4 100 0.357 9.34 9.47 2.27 1.77 887 C 21 2 75 77 181.05 NaN 6481.8 89.7 0.284 7.21 7.27 0.07 -0.44 887 C 21 3 5 7 181.85 NaN 6499.4 82.05 0.264 6.61 6.66 -0.54 -1.05 887 C 21 3 75 77 182.55 NaN 6515 80.1 0.289 7.34 7.42 0.22 -0.30 887 C 21 4 5 7 183.35 NaN 6532.8 83.8 0.305 7.84 7.92 0.72 0.20 887 C 21 4 75 77 184.05 NaN 6548.3 89.5 0.296 7.56 7.63 0.43 -0.09 887 C 21 5 5 7 184.85 NaN 6565.9 100.85 0.339 8.82 8.94 1.74 1.21 887 C 21 5 75 77 185.55 NaN 6588.2 94.35 0.269 6.75 6.81 -0.39 -0.92 887 C 21 6 5 7 186.35 NaN 6615.9 85.75 0.291 7.42 7.49 0.29 -0.24 887 C 21 6 75 77 187.05 NaN 6640 82.35 0.294 7.49 7.57 0.37 -0.17 887 C 21 6 75 77 187.05 NaN 6640 82.35 0.354 9.28 9.41 2.21 1.67 887 C 21 7 20 22 188 NaN 6673 87.6 0.265 6.64 6.69 -0.51 -1.05 887 C 22 2 75 77 190.55 NaN 6800.6 99.5 0.339 8.82 8.94 1.74 1.18 887 C 22 3 5 7 191.35 NaN 6885.3 81.95 0.372 9.78 9.93 2.73 2.16 887 C 22 3 75 77 192.05 NaN 6959 68.05 0.441 11.82 12.02 4.82 4.25 887 C 22 4 5 7 192.85 NaN 7043.5 55.65 0.426 11.38 11.57 4.37 3.78 887 C 22 5 5 7 194.35 NaN 7202.1 53.65 0.558 15.26 15.57 8.37 7.78 887 C 22 6 5 7 195.85 NaN 7329.8 49.75 0.576 15.79 16.12 8.92 8.32