# Brazil Margin LGM-Holocene Benthic Stable Isotope Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, 
# plus the Online Resource and date accessed.
#
#
# Online Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:13498
#
# Original Source URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/hoffman2012/hoffman2012jpc42.txt 
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive/proxy: Paleoceanography
#--------------------
# Contribution Date
#	Date: 11-06-2012
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Brazil Margin LGM-Holocene Benthic Stable Isotope Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
#	Investigators: Hoffman, J.L.; Lund, D.C.;
#--------------------
# Description and Notes
#    Description: The files include age model and stable isotopic data for KNR159-5-42JPC, 125GGC, 22GGC, and 54GGC.  
# Only stable isotopic data are available for 120GGC.
#
# All calendar ages are based on the MARINE09 calibration curve assuming a deltaR of 0±200 years (1sigma  For details see Hoffman and Lund (2012).  
#
# In the stable isotopic data benthic d13C and benthic d18O are reported per mil VPDB.   Isotopic measurements were based on individual tests of Cibicidoides spp.  Bioturbated samples are noted where appropriate.  Note that the isotopic data for KNR159-5-42JPC were initially published by Curry and Oppo (2005).  
#
#--------------------
# Publication/Citation
#	Authors: Hoffman, J.L. and D.C. Lund
#       Published Date or YEAR: 3-29-2012
#	Published Title: Refining the stable isotope budget for Antarctic Bottom Water: New foraminiferal data from the abyssal southwest Atlantic
#	Journal Name: Paleoceanography
#	Volume: 27
#	Published Date: 3-29-2012 
#	DOI: 10.1029/2011PA002216
#	Issue: PA1213
#	Abstract: Stable isotope tracer budget results suggest the transport to vertical diffusivity ratio for Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) in the Atlantic was higher at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Reduced mixing across the upper boundary of AABW is consistent with movement of this surface away from the seafloor and may be a factor in sequestering CO2 in the abyssal Atlantic. Two key unknowns in the budget are the isotopic composition of AABW and the spatial representativeness of isolated vertical profiles of d18O and d13C. Due to a lack of core material below 3 km water depth, Lund et al. (2011) based their Holocene budget on water column data and their LGM budget on extrapolation of isotopic trends from shallower cores. Here we determine d18O and d13C for AABW using new isotopic records from 3 to 4 km water depth at the Brazil Margin. The core top data yield tracer budget parameters consistent with water column data in the broader Southwest Atlantic. At the LGM, benthic d18O reaches 4.9‰ at 4 km water depth, the highest LGM d18O value in the published literature. The corresponding d13C of -0.2‰ is less depleted than expected and >0.5‰ greater than d13C in the Southeast Atlantic. Our Peclet number estimates suggest d13C acted conservatively during both the Holocene and LGM. Both d18O and d13C imply the transport to vertical diffusivity ratio for AABW was an order of magnitude larger during the LGM, due to enhanced AABW transport or reduced mixing across its upper boundary. 
#
#---------------------
# Funding Agency 
#	Funding Agency Name:   
#	Grant: 
#-------------------- 
# Site Information 
#       Site Name: KNR159-5-42JPC
#	Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>South Atlantic Ocean
#	Country: 
#	Northernmost Latitude: -27.7667
# 	Southernmost Latitude: -27.7667
# 	Easternmost Longitude: -46.0333
# 	Westernmost Longitude: -46.0333
# 	Elevation: -2296 m 
#------------------   
# Data Collection  
#	Core Name: 42JPC2012
#	First Year: 21230
#	Last Year: 330
#	Time Unit: Calendar Years before present 
#	Core Length: 6.005 m  
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology 
#
# All calendar ages are based on the MARINE09 calibration curve assuming a DeltaR of 0±200 years (1sigma)
#
# depth (cm)	14C age (yrs)	1 sigma error (yrs)	calendar age (yr BP)	1 sigma error (yrs)	notes
# 10.5	4560	15	4757	273	
# 15.5	6480	15	6973	226	
# 20.5	8735	20	9365	253	
# 25.5	10315	20	11435.5	312	
# 30.5	11690	25	13143	208	
# 35.5	12440	30	13890.5	276	
# 40.5	12705	30	14299	356	
# 45.5	13335	35	15589	492	
# 50.5	12630	40	14200	367	reversal
# 55.5	15215	50	18127	363	
# 60.5	15875	45	18705	166	
# 65.5	14310	40	16993	209	reversal
# 70.5	17230	60	19920	323	
# 75.5	17640	60	20583.5	381	
# 80.5	18210	70	21232.5	290	
# 
# 
#------------------
# Variables
# 
# End Description/Documentation (lines begin with #)
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (8 components: material, error, units, anomaly, period, archive, detail, method) 
# Data line format: tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
## depth_cm	Depth,,,cm,,,,,N 
## age_calBP	Age,,,calendar years before 1950AD,,,,,N 
## d13Ccibid	delta 13C,Cibicidoides spp.,,per mil PDB,,paleoceanography,,,N 
## d18Ocibid	delta 18O,Cibicidoides spp.,,per mil PDB,,paleoceanography,,,N 
## notes	notes, , , , , , , ,C
# Data:
# Missing values -999
depth_cm	age_calBP	d13Ccibid	d18Ocibid	notes
0.5	330	1.25	2.65	All isotopic data from Curry and Oppo (2005)
1.25	660	1.28	2.44	
1.75	880	1.24	2.55	
2.25	1100	1.29	2.46	
2.75	1320	1.33	2.61	
3.25	1540	1.25	2.54	
3.75	1770	1.28	2.49	
4.25	1990	1.32	2.59	
4.75	2210	1.23	2.37	
5.25	2430	1.29	2.62	
5.75	2650	1.29	2.52	
6.25	2870	1.34	2.6	
6.75	3100	1.25	2.55	
7.25	3320	1.27	2.45	
7.75	3540	1.33	2.51	
8.5	3870	1.32	2.66	
9.25	4200	1.33	2.69	
9.75	4420	1.23	2.58	
10.25	4650	1.32	2.71	
10.75	4870	1.32	2.55	
11.25	5090	1.32	2.66	
11.75	5310	1.35	2.55	
12.25	5530	1.34	2.69	
12.75	5750	1.23	2.51	
13.25	5980	1.18	2.6	
13.75	6200	1.17	2.44	
14.25	6420	1.14	2.3	
14.75	6640	1.21	2.58	
15.25	6860	1.34	2.67	
15.75	7090	1.24	2.57	
16.5	7450	1.2	2.82	
17.25	7810	0.85	3.13	
17.75	8050	0.98	2.58	
18.25	8290	1.01	2.85	
18.75	8530	1.04	2.52	
19.25	8770	1.19	2.74	
20.25	9250	0.89	2.53	
20.75	9470	0.94	2.7	
22.25	10090	1.06	2.79	
23.25	10500	0.93	2.73	
23.75	10710	0.49	3.25	
24.5	11020	1.13	3	
25.25	11330	0.94	3.35	
25.75	11520	0.69	3.33	
26.25	11690	0.97	2.87	
26.75	11860	1.02	3.36	
27.25	12030	0.99	3.46	
27.75	12200	0.7	3.35	
28.25	12370	0.57	3.35	
28.75	12550	0.95	3.42	
29.25	12720	1.03	3.37	
29.75	12890	1.05	3.45	
30.25	13060	0.35	3.6	
30.75	13180	0.97	3.55	
31.25	13260	0.91	3.57	
31.75	13330	0.9	3.59	
32.5	13440	0.93	3.6	
33.25	13550	0.49	3.57	
33.75	13630	0.46	3.61	
34.25	13700	0.84	3.53	
34.75	13780	0.88	3.54	
35.25	13850	0.92	3.55	
35.75	13910	0.63	3.61	
36.25	13950	0.56	3.45	
36.75	13990	0.8	3.55	
37.25	14030	0.84	3.57	
37.75	14070	-0.24	3.97	
38.25	14120	0.24	4.08	
38.75	14160	0.51	3.48	
39.25	14200	0.32	4	
39.75	14240	0.22	4.07	
40.5	14300	0.43	3.75	
41.25	14490	0.34	3.83	
41.75	14620	0.3	3.6	
42.25	14750	0.39	3.59	
42.75	14880	0.28	3.57	
43.25	15010	0.32	4.02	
43.75	15140	0.58	4.43	
44.25	15270	-0.13	4.08	
44.75	15400	0.57	3.85	
45.25	15520	0.28	4.18	
45.75	15650	0.71	3.36	bioturbated
46.25	15780	0.14	4.19	
46.75	15910	0.12	4.23	
47.25	16030	-0.23	4.41	
47.75	16160	0.6	4.47	
48.5	16350	0.26	3.97	
49.25	16540	0.34	4.1	
49.75	16670	0.38	4.4	
50.25	16790	0.18	4.33	
52.25	17300	1.26	2.71	bioturbated
52.75	17430	0.43	4.25	
53.25	17560	0.33	4.45	
53.75	17680	0.45	4.41	
54.25	17810	0.57	4.51	
54.75	17940	0.53	4.4	
55.25	18060	0.36	4.46	
55.75	18160	0.36	4.26	
56.5	18240	0.36	4.44	
57.25	18330	0.35	4.48	
58.25	18440	0.6	4.5	
58.75	18500	0.4	4.47	
59.25	18560	0.43	4.45	
59.75	18620	0.6	4.49	
60.25	18680	0.45	4.52	
60.75	18740	0.62	4.46	
61.25	18800	0.55	4.44	
61.75	18860	0.47	4.47	
62.25	18920	0.23	4.36	
62.75	18980	0.58	4.43	
63.25	19040	0.54	4.43	
63.75	19100	0.71	4.62	
64.5	19190	0.45	4.6	
72.5	20190	0.51	4.66	
80.5	21230	0.5	4.57	no 14C control below this depth
88.5	-999	0.56	4.43	
96.5	-999	0.52	4.51	
104.5	-999	0.54	4.46	
112.5	-999	0.16	4.48	
120.5	-999	0.56	4.42	
128.5	-999	0.39	4.13	
136.5	-999	0.3	4.29	
144.5	-999	0.63	4.21	
152.5	-999	0.72	4.27	
160.5	-999	0.71	4.13	
168.5	-999	0.95	4.06	
176.5	-999	0.51	4.02	
184.5	-999	0.63	3.97	
192.5	-999	0.58	3.87	
200.5	-999	0.97	4.06	
208.5	-999	1.12	3.78	
216.5	-999	0.53	3.96	
224.5	-999	0.68	4.08	
232.5	-999	0.63	3.61	
240.5	-999	0.77	3.79	
248.5	-999	0.7	3.91	
256.5	-999	0.86	3.85	
264.5	-999	0.07	3.99	
272.5	-999	0.12	4.02	
280.5	-999	-0.01	4.02	
288.5	-999	-0.3	4.37	
296.5	-999	-0.14	4.17	
304.5	-999	0.21	4.27	
320.5	-999	0.12	4.26	
328.5	-999	-0.07	4.16	
336.5	-999	0.19	4.28	
344.5	-999	0.03	4.29	
352.5	-999	0.01	4.21	
360.5	-999	0.25	4.33	
368.5	-999	0.9	4.02	
376.5	-999	0.86	4.05	
392.5	-999	1.18	3.59	
400.5	-999	1.1	3.55	
408.5	-999	0.45	3.26	
416.5	-999	0.9	2.86	
424.5	-999	0.98	3.35	
432.5	-999	0.98	3.08	
440.5	-999	0.26	3.24	
448.5	-999	0.34	3.43	
456.5	-999	0.27	3.36	
464.5	-999	0.21	3.3	
472.5	-999	0.99	3.48	
480.5	-999	1	3.43	
488.5	-999	0.96	3.34	
496.5	-999	1.05	3.15	
504.5	-999	1.13	3.2	
512.5	-999	0.98	3.1	
520.5	-999	0.66	3.07	
528.5	-999	0.3	3.24	
536.5	-999	0.9	3.29	
552.5	-999	0.65	3.54	
560.5	-999	0.89	3.33	
568.5	-999	0.94	2.74	
576.5	-999	0.85	2.26	
584.5	-999	0.67	2.43	
592.5	-999	0.88	2.42	
600.5	-999	0.35	3.13