# Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-2000002 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1004871 # Online_Resource: http://www.earth.lsa.umich.edu/climate/RECONSTRUCTION/KR-2000002.html # # Archive: Borehole # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-10-16 #------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global Database of Borehole Temperatures and Climate Reconstructions - KR-2000002 #------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Huang, S.; Pollack, H.N.; Shen, P.Y. #------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: This project has as its goal the design, assembly, analysis and interpretation of geothermal observations on # continents relevant to understanding the nature and causes of climate change over the past five centuries. The project was # inititated by the Geothermal Laboratory of the University of Michigan, USA. Important collaborations have been developed # with the Geophysical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and with a working group of the International Heat Flow # Commission of IASPEI. Funding for this project has come from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. National # Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the International Geological Correlation Program, and the Czech - U.S. Science and # Technology Program. The principal components of the database are: # (1) Basic geothermal observations from field surveys and laboratory measurements, principally comprising borehole # temperature logs and thermophysical properties. This section includes data only from boreholes at least 200 m deep. The # data listed are restricted to the range 20-600 meters. Data above 20 m have been omitted because they include annual # variability, and data below 600 m have not been included because they contain no information about the past 500 # years.Quality control measures have occasionally required the deletion of other data within the 20-600 m range. # (2) A five-century ground surface temperature history derived for each site by a standardized inversion procedure # operating on the basic observations. The derived history is presented as century-long temperature trends for each of the # past five centuries. This representation emphasizes longer term variations of the climate history, and thus is # complementary to high resolution proxies such as tree rings, ice cores, corals and lake sediments. # (3) The name of the person who can be contacted to learn more about the data and the site. This is either the name of the # original investigator who made the observations, or the name of a regional or national data compiler. Some data remain # proprietary, and therefore are not accessible directly from this database. Database users desiring access to these data # should request the data directly from the person listed as the data contact. A list of investigators engaged in climate # studies involving geothermal data can be found at the original web site of this database at the University of Michigan. # # Updated version of dataset submitted by Huang in October 2016. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Huang, S., Pollack, H. N., and Shen, P.Y. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2000-02-17 # Published_Title: Temperature trends over the past five centuries reconstructed from borehole temperatures # Journal_Name: Nature # Volume: 403 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 756-758 # DOI: 10.1038/35001556 # Abstract: For an accurate assessment of the relative roles of natural variability and anthropogenic influence in the Earth's climate, reconstructions of past temperatures from the pre-industrial as well as the industrial period are essential. But instrumental records are typically available for no more than the past 150 years. Therefore reconstructions of pre-industrial climate rely principally on traditional climate proxy records, each with particular strengths and limitations in representing climatic variability. Subsurface temperatures comprise an independent archive of past surface temperature changes that is complementary to both the instrumental record and the climate proxies. Here we use present-day temperatures in 616 boreholes from all continents except Antarctica to reconstruct century-long trends in temperatures over the past 500 years at global, hemispheric and continental scales. The results confirm the unusual warming of the twentieth century revealed by the instrumental record6, but suggest that the cumulative change over the past five centuries amounts to about 1 K, exceeding recent estimates from conventional climate proxies. The strength of temperature reconstructions from boreholes lies in the detection of long-term trends, complementary to conventional climate proxies, but to obtain a complete picture of past warming, the differences between the approaches need to be investigated in detail. #---------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1202673 #---------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: KR-2000002 # Location: South Korea # Northernmost_Latitude: 37.4886 # Southernmost_Latitude: 37.4886 # Easternmost_Longitude: 127.0250 # Westernmost_Longitude: 127.0250 # Elevation: #------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: KR-2000002-borehole # Earliest_Year: 1500 # Most_Recent_Year: 1994 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: Data Contact: Hyoung-Chan Kim (KR) # Pre-1500 Baseline GST (oC): 13.46 # Date (Century) Rate of GST Change(K/100a) # 16th -0.173 # 17th -0.007 # 18th 0.017 # 19th -0.407 # 20th 0.807 # Date of logging (Year): 1993.044 # Thermal Conductivity (W/m/K): 2.50 # Geothermal Gradient (K/km): 30.78 # #------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (marked with '##') # Variables list: shortname-tab- 9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, Temperature for Character or Numeric data ## depth_m depth,,, m,,,below surface,,N ## temp_meas temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,borehole,measured,,N #------------------------- # Data: # Missing Values: NA depth_m temp_meas 18.00 15.500 20.00 15.380 22.00 15.230 24.00 15.140 26.00 15.110 28.00 15.060 30.00 15.050 32.00 15.060 34.00 15.070 36.00 15.090 38.00 15.110 40.00 15.120 42.00 15.140 44.00 15.150 46.00 15.190 48.00 15.210 50.00 15.220 52.00 15.260 54.00 15.300 56.00 15.350 58.00 15.370 60.00 15.390 62.00 15.420 64.00 15.450 66.00 15.480 68.00 15.530 70.00 15.610 72.00 15.670 74.00 15.700 76.00 15.740 78.00 15.760 80.00 15.810 82.00 15.860 84.00 15.900 86.00 16.050 88.00 16.060 90.00 16.090 92.00 16.140 94.00 16.150 96.00 16.190 98.00 16.250 100.00 16.330 102.00 16.400 104.00 16.480 106.00 16.550 108.00 16.620 110.00 16.690 112.00 16.780 114.00 16.850 116.00 16.910 118.00 16.940 120.00 17.020 122.00 17.080 124.00 17.150 126.00 17.240 128.00 17.310 130.00 17.380 132.00 17.450 134.00 17.540 136.00 17.620 138.00 17.690 140.00 17.710 142.00 17.800 144.00 17.880 146.00 17.930 148.00 18.000 150.00 18.060 152.00 18.120 154.00 18.180 156.00 18.220 158.00 18.310 160.00 18.340 162.00 18.380 164.00 18.400 166.00 18.510 168.00 18.600 170.00 18.650 172.00 18.690 174.00 18.780 176.00 18.840 178.00 18.920 180.00 18.950 182.00 19.010 184.00 19.060 186.00 19.130 188.00 19.210 190.00 19.250 192.00 19.300 194.00 19.380 196.00 19.430 198.00 19.500 200.00 19.560 202.00 19.610 204.00 19.670 206.00 19.740 208.00 19.820 210.00 19.880 212.00 19.950 214.00 20.010 216.00 20.100 218.00 20.150 220.00 20.210 222.00 20.260 224.00 20.300 226.00 20.370 228.00 20.410 230.00 20.530 232.00 20.570 234.00 20.610 236.00 20.680 238.00 20.730 240.00 20.790 242.00 20.840 244.00 20.900 246.00 20.970 248.00 21.040 250.00 21.090 252.00 21.170 254.00 21.230 256.00 21.320 258.00 21.380 260.00 21.420 262.00 21.500 264.00 21.560 266.00 21.600 268.00 21.660 270.00 21.750 272.00 21.800 274.00 21.870 276.00 21.940 278.00 21.990 280.00 22.050 282.00 22.120 284.00 22.180 286.00 22.240 288.00 22.300 290.00 22.390 292.00 22.440 294.00 22.490 296.00 22.570 298.00 22.610 300.00 22.670 302.00 22.750 304.00 22.810 306.00 22.880 308.00 22.960 310.00 23.050 312.00 23.110 314.00 23.160 316.00 23.220 318.00 23.280 320.00 23.320 322.00 23.360 324.00 23.430 326.00 23.500 328.00 23.560 330.00 23.650 332.00 23.720 334.00 23.800 336.00 23.850 338.00 23.920 340.00 24.000 342.00 24.060 344.00 24.120 346.00 24.190 348.00 24.250 350.00 24.290 352.00 24.360 354.00 24.420 356.00 24.490 358.00 24.540 360.00 24.630 362.00 24.680 364.00 24.750 366.00 24.810 368.00 24.860 370.00 24.920 372.00 24.980 374.00 25.020 376.00 25.060 378.00 25.130 380.00 25.160 382.00 25.240 384.00 25.300 386.00 25.370 388.00 25.440 390.00 25.510 392.00 25.550 394.00 25.610 396.00 25.680 398.00 25.740 400.00 25.790 402.00 25.850 404.00 25.910 406.00 25.970 408.00 26.010 410.00 26.080 412.00 26.120 414.00 26.180 416.00 26.250 418.00 26.280 420.00 26.340 422.00 26.390 424.00 26.450