# Atlantic Ocean Pliocene Planktonic and Benthic d18O and Mg/Ca Data
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
#                World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder 
#                                  and 
#                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program 
#             National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
#----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
# Template Version 2.0
# NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. 
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. 
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21150 
# Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/karas2017/karas2017dsdp516a.txt 
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
# 
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Archive: Paleoceanography
#
# Parameter_Keywords: oxygen isotopes, geochemistry
#--------------------
# Contribution_Date
#	Date: 2017-01-04
#--------------------
# Title
#	Study_Name: Atlantic Ocean Pliocene Planktonic and Benthic d18O and Mg/Ca Data
#--------------------
# Investigators
# 	Investigators: Karas, C.; Nürnberg, D.; Bahr, A.; Groeneveld, J.; Herrle, J.O.; Tiedemann, R.; deMenocal, P.B.
#--------------------
# Description_and_Notes
#	Description: Combined planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and d18O data, benthic d18O data and foraminiferal 
#	test weights from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites 516A and 552A (South and North Atlantic Oceans). 
# 
# Karas et al. 2017 DSDP 516A G. sacculifer test weights:
# 
# Depth (mbsf)	Age (Ma)	test number (315-355 mm)	 test weight (mg)	 single average test weight (mg)
# 17.22	3.4544	30	0.894	29.8
# 17.7	3.4922	30	0.872	29.07
# 18.03	3.5425	30	0.884	29.47
# 18.375	3.5951	30	0.922	30.73
# 19.06	3.6914	30	0.886	29.53
# 19.88	3.7551	30	0.948	31.6
# 20.48	3.7933	30	1.017	33.9
# 21.23	3.8411	30	0.924	30.8
# 21.85	3.8806	30	1.029	34.3
# 22.53	3.9239	30	0.965	32.17
# 23.15	3.9633	30	0.897	29.9
# 23.81	4.0225	30	0.728	24.27
# 24.32	4.1114	30	0.756	25.2
# 24.935	4.2187	30	0.772	25.73
# 25.47	4.3119	30	0.792	26.4
# 25.94	4.3674	30	0.991	33.03
# 26.535	4.4591	30	0.766	25.53
# 27.23	4.5605	30	0.861	28.7
# 27.86	4.5995	30	0.692	23.07
# 28.53	4.6411	30	0.687	22.9
# 29.14	4.6918	30	0.762	25.4
# 
# 
#--------------------
# Publication 
#	Authors: Cyrus Karas, Dirk Nürnberg, André Bahr, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jens O. Herrle, Ralf Tiedemann and Peter B. deMenocal
#	Published_Date_or_Year: 2017-01-05 
#	Published_Title: Pliocene oceanic seaways and global climate
#	Journal_Name: Scientific Reports
#	Volume: 7
#	Edition: 39842
#	Issue: 
#	Pages: 
#	Report_Number: 
#	DOI: 10.1038/srep39842
#	Online_Resource: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep39842
#	Full_Citation: 
#	Abstract: Tectonically induced changes in oceanic seaways had profound effects on global and regional climate during the Late Neogene. The constriction of the Central American Seaway reached a critical threshold during the early Pliocene ~4.8-4 million years (Ma) ago. Model simulations indicate the strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) with a signature warming response in the Northern Hemisphere and cooling in the Southern Hemisphere. Subsequently, between ~4-3 Ma, the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway impacted regional climate and might have accelerated the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. We here present Pliocene Atlantic interhemispheric sea surface temperature and salinity gradients (deduced from foraminiferal Mg/Ca and stable oxygen isotopes, d18O) in combination with a recently published benthic stable carbon isotope (d13C) record from the southernmost extent of North Atlantic Deep Water to reconstruct gateway-related changes in the AMOC mode. After an early reduction of the AMOC at ~5.3 Ma, we show in agreement with model simulations of the impacts of Central American Seaway closure a strengthened AMOC with a global climate signature. During ~3.8-3 Ma, we suggest a weakening of the AMOC in line with the global cooling trend, with possible contributions from the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway.
#------------------
# Funding_Agency 
#	Funding_Agency_Name: German Science Foundation (DFG)
#	Grant: Ka3461/1-2
#------------------
# Site_Information 
#	Site_Name: DSDP516A
#	Location: Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>South Atlantic Ocean
#	Country:  
#	Northernmost_Latitude: -30.2833
#	Southernmost_Latitude: -30.2833
#	Easternmost_Longitude: -35.2833
#	Westernmost_Longitude: -35.2833
#	Elevation: m  
#------------------
# Data_Collection   
#	Collection_Name: Karas2017DSDP516A
#	Earliest_Year: 5772000
#	Most_Recent_Year: 2786000
#	Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP
#	Core_Length: m
#	Notes: 
#------------------
# Chronology_Information
#	Chronology: 
# 	
#----------------
# Variables 
#
# Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Data line variables format:  Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) 
#
## depth_m	depth, , , m, , , , ,N
## age_calmaBP	age, , , millions of calendar years before present, , , , ,N
## Mg/Cag.sac315-355	Magnesium/Calcium ratio, Globigerinoides sacculifer 315-355um, , , ,paleoceanography, , ,N 
## d18Og.sac315-355	delta18O, Globigerinoides sacculifer 315-355um, , per mil, ,paleoceanography, , ,N 
## d18Oc.wuell	delta18O, Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, , per mil, ,paleoceanography, , ,N 
#
#----------------
# Data:
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Values:  
#
depth_m	age_calmaBP	Mg/Cag.sac315-355	d18Og.sac315-355	d18Oc.wuell
9.92	2.786	3.60	0.42	3.04
10.05	2.796	3.36	0.49	3.54
10.16	2.806	3.43	0.25	3.86
10.27	2.815	3.50	0.01	3.15
10.38	2.825	3.39	0.52	2.97
10.49	2.835	3.11	0.62	3.14
10.61	2.845	3.12	0.35	3.46
10.73	2.856	2.74	0.48	3.26
10.83	2.864	2.98	0.69	3.05
11.00	2.879	2.96	0.77	3.18
11.17	2.894	2.79		2.91
11.27	2.903	2.79	0.56	3.07
11.42	2.916	3.13	0.45	2.96
11.51	2.924	2.96	0.50	3.02
12.32	2.995	3.37	0.61	3.25
12.40	3.001	3.40	0.09	2.94
12.46	3.007	3.21	0.23	3.06
12.55	3.015	2.96	0.65	3.36
12.64	3.021	2.92	0.26	2.95
12.70	3.025	2.83	0.90	2.83
12.76	3.029	2.72	0.78	2.61
12.82	3.033	2.87	0.97	3.04
12.88	3.037	2.96	0.96	3.01
12.95	3.042	2.94	0.84	2.98
13.05	3.049	2.97	0.77	3.07
13.14	3.054	3.20	0.79	2.86
13.23	3.061	3.10	0.26	3.08
13.32	3.067	3.09	0.45	2.73
13.38	3.071	2.93	0.40	2.91
13.45	3.076	3.10	0.73	2.89
13.55	3.082	3.21	0.85	2.94
13.63	3.088	3.06	0.93	2.79
13.70	3.092	3.36	0.82	2.88
13.75	3.096	3.08	0.80	2.75
13.85	3.103	3.38	0.89	2.72
13.90	3.106			
13.95	3.109	3.09	0.85	2.77
14.07	3.117	3.34	0.68	2.72
14.14	3.122	3.26	1.03	2.78
14.22	3.127	3.52	0.26	2.96
14.33	3.136	3.15	0.62	3.10
14.38	3.144	3.37	0.07	2.90
14.44	3.153	3.00	0.34	2.74
14.58	3.174	3.23	0.97	2.73
14.64	3.182	3.35		2.88
14.70	3.191	3.03	0.44	2.71
14.76	3.200	3.67	0.79	2.92
14.86	3.214	3.41	0.44	2.84
14.92	3.224	3.16	0.54	2.83
14.98	3.233	3.31	0.44	2.81
15.05	3.243	3.38	0.72	2.79
15.14	3.256	3.41	0.48	2.80
15.20	3.266	3.53		2.87
15.26	3.274	3.23	0.12	2.79
15.35	3.288	3.24	0.64	2.89
15.40	3.295	3.32	0.85	4.08
15.45	3.300	3.02	0.96	2.89
15.57	3.312	3.07		3.04
15.64	3.319			
15.71	3.326		0.79	2.96
15.77	3.332	2.96		
15.83	3.338	3.25		2.93
15.90	3.346	3.06	0.47	2.91
15.96	3.352	3.17	0.63	2.77
16.13	3.369	3.18	0.48	2.69
16.20	3.376	2.93	0.14	2.90
16.27	3.381	3.03	0.00	2.73
16.33	3.386	3.00	0.00	2.79
16.40	3.391	3.48	0.45	
16.56	3.404	3.39	0.64	2.72
16.75	3.418	3.32	0.75	2.87
16.94	3.433	3.14	0.54	2.81
17.06	3.442	3.03	0.17	2.88
17.15	3.449	3.30	0.42	2.59
17.22	3.454	3.19	0.23	2.72
17.30	3.461	3.14	0.22	2.63
17.37	3.466	2.98	0.22	2.65
17.44	3.471	3.25	0.52	2.75
17.55	3.480	3.29	0.22	2.74
17.63	3.486	3.23	0.83	2.75
17.70	3.492	3.21	0.62	2.57
17.76	3.501	2.87	0.86	2.79
17.82	3.511	3.23	0.74	2.85
17.88	3.520	2.92	0.47	2.79
17.94	3.529	3.26	0.29	2.80
18.03	3.543	3.04	0.66	2.85
18.10	3.553	2.84	0.35	2.62
18.16	3.562	3.13	0.68	2.85
18.25	3.576	2.86	0.43	2.65
18.33	3.588	3.21	0.51	2.72
18.38	3.595	2.81	0.45	2.82
18.43	3.604	3.02	0.63	2.77
18.53	3.619	3.11	0.34	2.85
18.63	3.634	3.01		2.94
18.75	3.650	3.03	0.27	2.71
18.86	3.665	2.96	0.71	2.87
18.95	3.677	3.01	0.69	2.60
19.06	3.691	2.89	0.33	2.55
19.16	3.705	2.82	0.88	2.79
19.26	3.716	2.84	0.69	2.83
19.36	3.722	2.90	0.47	2.61
19.46	3.728	2.76	0.59	2.60
19.56	3.735	2.99	0.28	2.70
19.66	3.741	2.86	0.72	2.69
19.72	3.745	2.90		2.66
19.82	3.751	2.71	0.46	2.60
19.88	3.755	2.61	0.63	2.74
19.98	3.761	2.68	0.89	2.52
20.07	3.767	3.01	0.82	2.74
20.17	3.774	2.66	0.39	2.68
20.27	3.780	2.74	0.43	2.63
20.37	3.786	2.71		2.62
20.48	3.793	2.64	0.63	2.54
20.58	3.800	2.75	0.35	2.54
20.66	3.805	2.59	0.51	2.54
20.76	3.811	2.64	0.78	2.54
20.92	3.821	2.98	0.33	2.62
21.13	3.835	3.05	0.49	2.59
21.23	3.841	2.84	-0.07	2.43
21.33	3.848	2.92	0.38	2.57
21.43	3.854	2.62	0.38	2.52
21.52	3.860	2.82	0.94	2.55
21.63	3.867	2.89	0.61	2.71
21.73	3.873	2.71	0.72	2.57
21.85	3.881	2.48	0.71	2.43
21.94	3.886	2.62	0.88	2.40
22.04	3.893	2.77	0.84	2.58
22.14	3.899	2.65	0.32	2.55
22.24	3.905	2.76	0.89	2.46
22.43	3.918	2.73		2.66
22.53	3.924	2.64	0.80	2.50
22.63	3.930	3.06	0.70	2.51
22.73	3.937	3.27	0.85	2.51
22.83	3.943	2.88	0.76	2.51
22.94	3.950	2.86	0.73	2.61
23.03	3.956	3.10		2.64
23.15	3.963	2.89	0.47	2.63
23.25	3.970	3.14	0.35	2.65
23.32	3.974	3.01	0.56	2.57
23.45	3.983	2.96	0.04	2.40
23.55	3.989	3.05	-0.01	2.64
23.65	3.995	2.97		2.79
23.75	4.012	3.27	0.49	2.64
23.81	4.023	3.06	0.62	2.60
23.95	4.047	3.03	0.57	2.60
24.05	4.064	2.77		2.64
24.13	4.078	3.18	-0.17	2.58
24.23	4.096	3.36		2.77
24.32	4.111	3.13		2.60
24.44	4.132	3.30		2.63
24.53	4.148			2.69
24.64	4.167	3.16		2.50
24.74	4.185	3.42	0.70	2.60
24.82	4.199	3.31		2.59
24.94	4.219	3.33		2.51
25.03	4.235	3.09	0.75	2.64
25.13	4.253	3.30	0.64	2.50
25.23	4.270	3.48	-0.03	2.45
25.37	4.295	3.24	0.42	2.53
25.47	4.312	3.61		2.75
25.56	4.328			2.58
25.63	4.340	2.77	0.55	2.38
25.73	4.349	2.82	0.62	2.55
25.84	4.359	3.33	0.46	2.52
25.94	4.367	3.05		2.52
26.04	4.376	3.28	0.33	2.56
26.13	4.384	3.37	0.19	2.40
26.22	4.400	3.47	0.32	2.63
26.34	4.422	3.39	0.32	2.58
26.43	4.440	3.55	0.86	2.71
26.54	4.459	3.37		2.76
26.63	4.477	3.57	0.10	2.72
26.73	4.495	3.39	0.38	2.94
26.96	4.538	3.51	0.22	2.66
27.04	4.549	3.58	0.60	2.56
27.14	4.555	3.67	0.42	2.80
27.23	4.561	3.67		2.78
27.34	4.567	3.85	0.24	2.77
27.44	4.574	3.89	1.03	2.79
27.54	4.580	3.61	0.90	2.85
27.64	4.586	3.50	0.87	2.97
27.78	4.594		0.87	2.82
27.86	4.600			
27.96	4.606		0.11	2.72
28.11	4.615	3.12	0.09	2.91
28.28	4.625	3.42	0.73	
28.35	4.630	3.41	0.65	2.78
28.45	4.636	3.23	0.67	2.75
28.53	4.641	3.35		2.51
28.63	4.647	3.58	0.62	2.67
28.73	4.654	3.23	0.56	2.57
28.84	4.660	3.34		2.57
28.93	4.666	3.11	0.34	2.51
29.03	4.674	3.45	0.37	2.35
29.14	4.692	3.46		2.59
29.26	4.711	3.42	0.14	2.58
29.33	4.723	3.88	0.14	2.75
29.43	4.740	3.61	0.22	2.61
29.53	4.757	3.09	0.58	2.74
29.63	4.773	3.28		2.66
29.82	4.805			2.68
29.93	4.823	3.15	0.34	2.59
30.03	4.840	3.02	0.39	2.69
30.16	4.861	3.58	0.93	2.55
30.26	4.878	3.53	0.28	2.64
30.35	4.893	3.32	0.36	2.71
30.45	4.902	2.94		2.66
30.55	4.910	3.24	0.36	2.57
30.65	4.918		0.70	2.54
30.81	4.931	3.00	0.31	2.29
30.94	4.941	3.28	0.18	2.69
31.06	4.954	3.17	0.23	2.46
31.16	4.965	3.27	0.34	2.57
31.25	4.974	3.44	0.89	2.67
31.36	4.986	3.11	0.44	2.63
31.43	4.994	3.22	0.15	2.54
31.53	5.004	3.64	0.40	2.52
31.63	5.015	3.78	0.99	
31.74	5.026	3.38		2.51
31.83	5.036	3.56	0.48	
31.93	5.047	3.86	0.83	2.70
32.02	5.056	3.35	0.84	2.77
32.13	5.068	3.58	0.45	2.66
32.24	5.079	3.51	0.48	2.46
32.33	5.090	3.01		2.50
32.43	5.100	3.53	0.95	2.55
32.53	5.111		0.57	2.29
32.93	5.153	3.57	0.59	2.36
33.03	5.164	3.39	0.64	2.53
33.13	5.175	3.41	0.72	2.94
33.24	5.187	3.37		2.82
33.32	5.195	3.25	0.37	2.74
33.41	5.205	3.23	0.10	2.73
33.48	5.212	3.22	0.18	2.61
33.64	5.229	3.11	0.48	2.75
33.75	5.240	3.20	0.29	2.64
33.82	5.248	3.27	0.33	2.52
33.92	5.259	3.58	0.71	2.69
34.02	5.270	3.16		
34.22	5.291	2.46	1.01	2.66
34.36	5.306	2.93	0.79	2.55
34.45	5.315	2.76	0.72	2.60
34.53	5.324	2.96		
34.59	5.330	2.74	0.82	2.54
34.68	5.340	3.01	0.53	2.47
34.76	5.348	2.94	0.36	2.88
34.84	5.357	2.93	0.85	2.51
34.93	5.366	2.88	0.51	2.62
34.98	5.372	2.77		2.50
35.07	5.382	3.28	0.29	2.83
35.15	5.390	2.70	0.52	2.47
35.22	5.397	2.90	0.72	2.58
35.30	5.406	2.86	0.47	2.84
35.38	5.415	2.86	0.77	2.85
35.46	5.423	2.82		
35.54	5.431	3.00	0.43	2.66
35.65	5.443	3.14	0.32	2.62
35.73	5.452	2.98	0.46	2.42
35.84	5.464	2.83	0.60	2.54
35.93	5.473	3.30	0.79	2.59
36.01	5.482	3.22		2.66
36.13	5.494	2.96	0.25	
36.20	5.502	2.76	0.77	2.53
36.29	5.511	2.92	0.46	2.71
36.37	5.520	3.05		2.67
36.45	5.528	3.13	0.65	2.62
36.53	5.537	2.88		2.60
36.65	5.550	2.70	0.60	2.74
36.73	5.558	2.80	0.67	2.67
36.81	5.567	2.89	0.50	2.69
36.92	5.579	2.80	0.58	2.78
37.02	5.589	2.87	0.94	2.60
37.08	5.596	2.65		2.61
37.14	5.602	2.70	0.78	2.67
37.24	5.613	2.76	0.36	2.61
37.36	5.626	2.68	0.75	2.61
37.44	5.634	2.69	0.63	2.50
37.52	5.643	2.79	0.82	2.57
37.60	5.651	2.86		2.71
37.67	5.659	2.81	0.65	2.61
37.74	5.666	3.06	0.35	2.58
37.82	5.675	3.01	0.45	
37.90	5.683	2.81	0.81	2.59
38.01	5.695	2.86	0.57	2.62
38.08	5.702	2.73		2.74
38.16	5.711	2.82		2.67
38.24	5.719	2.79	0.45	2.64
38.32	5.728	2.94	0.69	2.50
38.40	5.736	2.94	0.55	2.60
38.46	5.743	2.70	0.49	2.41
38.57	5.754	2.80		2.79
38.65	5.762		0.56	2.63
38.73	5.772	2.99	0.36	2.64