Eastern Equatorial Pacific 35kyr Sediment Flux Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Eastern Equatorial Pacific 35kyr Sediment Flux Data LAST UPDATE: 7/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Stephanie Kienast, Dalhousie University IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-066 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Kienast, S.S., et al. 2008. Eastern Equatorial Pacific 35kyr Sediment Flux Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-066. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Kienast, S.S., M. Kienast, A.C. Mix, S.E. Calvert, and R. Francois. 2007. Thorium-230 normalized particle flux and sediment focusing in the Panama Basin region during the last 30,000 years. Paleoceanography, Vol. 22, PA2213, doi:10.1029/2006PA001357 ABSTRACT: Application of the 230Th normalization method to estimate sediment burial fluxes in six cores from the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) reveals that bulk sediment and organic carbon fluxes display a coherent regional pattern during the Holocene that is consistent with modern oceanographic conditions, in contrast with estimates of bulk mass accumulation rates (MARs) derived from core chronologies. Two nearby sites (less than 10 km apart), which have different MARs, show nearly identical 230Th-normalized bulk fluxes. Focusing factors derived from the 230Th data at the foot of the Carnegie Ridge in the Panama Basin are >2 in the Holocene, implying that lateral sediment addition is significant in this part of the basin. New geochemical data and existing literature provide evidence for a hydrothermal source of sediment in the southern part of the Panama Basin and for downslope transport from the top of the Carnegie Ridge. The compilation of core records suggests that sediment focusing is spatially and temporally variable in the EEP. During oxygen isotope stage 2 (OIS 2, from 13-27 ka BP), focusing appears even higher compared to the Holocene at most sites, similar to earlier findings in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific. The magnitude of the glacial increase in focusing factors, however, is strongly dependent on the accuracy of age models. We offer two possible explanations for the increase in glacial focusing compared to the Holocene. The first one is that the apparent increase in lateral sediment redistribution is partly or even largely an artifact of insufficient age control in the EEP, while the second explanation, which assumes that the observed increase is real, involves enhanced deep sea tidal current flow during periods of low sea level stand. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Lyle, M., A. Mix, and N. Pisias. 2002. Patterns of CaCO3 deposition in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean for the last 150 kyr: Evidence for a southeast Pacific depositional spike during marine isotope stage (MIS) 2. Paleoceanography, Vol. 17, 3, doi: 10.1029/2000PA000538. Loubere, P., F. Mekik, R. Francois, and S. Pichat. 2004. Export fluxes of calcite in the eastern Equatorial Pacific from the last glacial maximum to the present. Paleoceanography, Vol. 19. Martin, P.A., D.W. Lea, Y. Rosenthal, N.J. Shackleton, M. Sarnthein, and T. Papenfuss. 2002. Quaternary deep sea temperatures derived from benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 198, pp. 193-209. Pedersen, T.F., M. Pickering, J.S. Vogel, J.N. Southon, and D.E. Nelson. 1988. The response of benthic foraminifera to productivity cycles in the eastern equatorial Pacific Faunal and geochemical constraints on glacial bottom water oxygen levels. Paleoceanography, Vol. 3, pp. 157-168. Yang, Y.-L., H. Elderfield, T. Pedersen, and M. Ivanovich 1995. Geochemical record of the Panama basin during the last glacial maximum carbon event shows that the glacial ocean was not suboxic. Geology, Vol. 23, pp. 1115-1118. Lea, D.W., D.K. Pak, and H.J. Spero. 2000. Climate impact of late Quaternary equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures variations. Science, Vol. 289, pp. 1719-1723. Spero, H.J. and D.W. Lea. 2002. The cause of carbon isotope minimum events at glacial terminations. Science, Vol. 296, pp. 522-525. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern Equatorial Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 35 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Canada, and the US National Science Foundation. DESCRIPTION: 230Th-normalized sediment fluxes for 6 cores in the Panama Basin region of the Eastern Equatorial Pacific, to evaluate syndepositional redistribution of sediment. New 230Th and compositional data from 4 cores, and previous data from Y69-71 [Loubere et al., 2004; Lyle et al., 2005] and P7 [Pedersen et al., 1988; Yang et al., 1995]. Total 230Th, 232Th and 238U activities were determined at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) and the University of British Columbia (UBC) by isotope dilution on an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) following total acid digestion of sediment samples equilibrated with 229Th and 236U spikes. Organic carbon (Corg) contents of cores ME0005-24JC, ME0005-27JC, TR163-19P, and TR163-31P were obtained at UBC by determining total C by combustion gas chromatography and subtracting carbonate carbon values determined by coulometry [Calvert et al., 1993]. Carbonate (CaCO3) values were obtained from the coulometric CO2 determinations assuming no other carbonate-bearing phase was present. Biogenic opal (Si opal) of core ME0005-24JC was determined at UBC by extraction of silica from 20 mg subsamples by a 2M Na2CO3 solution at 85C for 5 hours. Dissolved silica concentrations in the extract were determined by molybdenum blue spectrophotometry [Mortlock and Froelich, 1989]. Biogenic opal of core Y69-71 is taken from Lyle et al. [2002]. Total Iron, Al, Mg, Si, and Mn contents of core ME0005-24JC were determined by ICP-OES analysis of subsamples fused in LiBO2 and redissolved in dilute HNO3. Nonbiogenic Si in this core was derived by subtracting opaline Si (determined by alkaline extraction) from total Si (determined by ICP-OES). Core locations: Core id Depth(m) Latitude Longitude ME0005-24JC 2941 0°01.302'N 86°27.788'W Y69-71P 2740 0°06'N 86°29'W ME0005-27JC 2203 1°51.201'S 82°47.20'W TR163-31P 3209 3°36'S 83°57'W TR163-19P 2348 2°15.5'N 90°57.1W P7 3085 2°36.26'N 83°59.18'W DATA: 1. Core ME0005-24JC, part 1 Chronology based on carbonate correlation to core Y69-71P, backed up by radiocarbon dates (see Kienast et al. 2007 for details). Thorium and Uranium isotopes analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Carbonate (CaCO3) analyzed by coulometry at the University of British Columbia. Organic carbon (Corg) derived by subtraction of carbonate carbon from total carbon, which was analyzed by CHN analyzer at the University of British Columbia. Biogenic opal analyzed by alkaline leach at the University of British Columbia. Fe and Mg analyzed by ICP-OES. Fluxes are 230Th normalized fluxes. Note that 10 g/m2/y = 1g/cm2/ka core id depth age 230Th 232Th 238U ex230Th0 CaCO3 Corg opal Fe Mg bulk flux bulk flux Corg flux CaCO3 flux opal flux Fe flux Mg flux (cm) (ka) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) g/m2/y g/cm2/ky g/cm2/ky g/m2/y g/m2/y g/m2/y g/m2/y ME0005-24JC 4.5 2.02 8.51 0.2 0.66 8.45 52.90 1.11 13.89 1.24 0.73 9.30 0.93 0.010 4.92 1.29 0.115 0.07 ME0005-24JC 21.5 4.34 7.33 0.22 2.23 7.43 57.64 1.41 13.398 1.15 0.75 10.57 1.06 0.015 6.09 1.42 0.122 0.08 ME0005-24JC 37.5 6.16 6.68 0.18 3.15 6.79 61.81 1.26 12.367 1.1 0.71 11.57 1.16 0.015 7.15 1.43 0.127 0.08 ME0005-24JC 51.5 7.66 6.83 0.16 2.95 6.96 59.39 0.95 13.436 1.38 0.89 11.28 1.13 0.011 6.70 1.52 0.156 0.10 ME0005-24JC 57.5 8.28 5.84 0.12 3.83 5.90 53.06 1.83 14.41 1.38 0.91 13.30 1.33 0.024 7.06 1.92 0.184 0.12 ME0005-24JC 81.5 10.24 6.24 0.16 3.29 6.46 55.31 1.17 15.66 1.62 1.03 12.16 1.22 0.014 6.72 1.90 0.197 0.13 ME0005-24JC 101.5 10.95 5.22 0.11 4.61 5.22 47.56 1.58 16.794 1.91 1.28 15.03 1.50 0.024 7.15 2.52 0.287 0.19 ME0005-24JC 114.5 11.34 4.50 0.11 5.17 4.37 31.82 2.49 18.843 2.61 1.99 17.97 1.80 0.045 5.72 3.39 0.469 0.36 ME0005-24JC 134.5 11.94 4.91 0.12 5.60 4.77 38.49 2.32 18.887 2.35 1.48 16.48 1.65 0.038 6.34 3.11 0.387 0.24 ME0005-24JC 141.5 12.15 4.77 0.12 5.37 4.64 40.15 2.41 16.486 2.45 1.3 16.92 1.69 0.041 6.79 2.79 0.415 0.22 ME0005-24JC 167.5 12.96 4.90 0.13 6.22 4.67 52.15 1.97 18.102 1.49 0.76 16.82 1.68 0.033 8.77 3.04 0.251 0.13 ME0005-24JC 181.5 13.43 5.21 0.13 6.07 5.03 54.48 2.07 17.299 1.1 0.73 15.61 1.56 0.032 8.50 2.70 0.172 0.11 ME0005-24JC 181.5 13.43 5.13 0.13 6 4.95 54.48 2.07 17.299 1.1 0.73 15.86 1.59 0.033 8.64 2.74 0.175 0.12 ME0005-24JC 201.5 14.23 5.07 0.16 5.16 4.98 54.31 2.46 18.505 0.8 0.68 15.78 1.58 0.039 8.57 2.92 0.126 0.11 ME0005-24JC 207.5 14.47 4.92 0.18 5.25 4.78 54.06 2.89 16.884 0.78 0.71 16.42 1.64 0.047 8.88 2.77 0.128 0.12 ME0005-24JC 217.5 14.92 4.33 0.15 4.68 4.21 60.98 2.42 16.363 0.66 0.66 18.63 1.86 0.045 11.36 3.05 0.123 0.12 ME0005-24JC 231.5 15.61 4.72 0.21 6.03 4.41 53.90 3.38 17.746 0.78 0.76 17.81 1.78 0.060 9.60 3.16 0.139 0.14 ME0005-24JC 251.5 16.69 5.28 0.17 5.89 5.10 60.48 3.09 12.622 0.82 0.7 15.41 1.54 0.048 9.32 1.94 0.126 0.11 ME0005-24JC 271.5 17.56 5.32 0.16 5.22 5.26 57.48 3.01 13.665 0.8 0.75 14.94 1.49 0.045 8.59 2.04 0.119 0.11 ME0005-24JC 284.5 18.25 5.37 0.19 5.50 5.25 61.06 2.54 13.694 0.77 0.71 14.95 1.50 0.038 9.13 2.05 0.115 0.11 ME0005-24JC 301.5 19.20 6.15 0.18 6.5 6.00 59.98 2.77 13.489 0.86 0.71 13.10 1.31 0.036 7.85 1.77 0.113 0.09 ME0005-24JC 324.5 21.40 6.12 0.21 5.39 6.18 57.39 2.44 16.703 0.95 0.78 12.71 1.27 0.031 7.30 2.12 0.121 0.10 ME0005-24JC 351.5 23.46 5.76 0.17 4.56 5.92 59.39 2.06 14.972 0.82 0.69 13.26 1.33 0.027 7.87 1.98 0.109 0.09 ME0005-24JC 351.5 23.46 5.74 0.18 4.59 5.89 59.39 2.06 14.972 0.82 0.69 13.34 1.33 0.027 7.92 2.00 0.109 0.09 ME0005-24JC 374.5 25.21 6.09 0.22 5.40 6.16 56.14 2.32 16.037 0.86 0.72 12.75 1.27 0.030 7.16 2.04 0.110 0.09 ME0005-24JC 397.5 27.06 6.02 0.23 5.35 6.09 57.14 2.75 15.048 0.96 0.75 12.88 1.29 0.035 7.36 1.94 0.124 0.10 ME0005-24JC 427.5 29.40 6.06 0.17 6.08 5.98 56.31 2.11 15.754 0.83 0.69 13.13 1.31 0.028 7.39 2.07 0.109 0.09 ME0005-24JC 464.5 33.43 6.03 0.23 5.65 6.05 57.56 1.5 15.796 1.03 0.69 12.97 1.30 0.019 7.47 2.05 0.134 0.09 ME0005-24JC 501.5 35.81 5.49 0.16 5.47 5.42 60.89 0.98 16.784 0.93 0.63 14.50 1.45 0.014 8.83 2.43 0.135 0.09 2. Core ME0005-24JC, part 2 Fe, Al and Mg analyzed by ICP-OES. Carbonate (CaCO3) analyzed by coulometry. core id depth age CaCO3 Al Fe Mg Fe/Al Mg/Al (cm) (ka) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) (wt %) ME0005-24JC 0.5 1.48 54.15 1.59 1.19 0.69 0.75 0.44 ME0005-24JC 1.5 1.61 53.23 1.6 1.2 0.70 0.75 0.44 ME0005-24JC 3.5 1.89 51.56 1.59 1.21 0.73 0.76 0.46 ME0005-24JC 4.5 2.02 52.90 1.59 1.24 0.73 0.78 0.46 ME0005-24JC 7.5 2.43 52.56 1.5 1.22 0.69 0.81 0.46 ME0005-24JC 11.5 2.97 54.73 1.63 1.29 0.77 0.79 0.47 ME0005-24JC 14.5 3.38 56.64 1.55 1.13 0.72 0.73 0.47 ME0005-24JC 17.5 3.79 59.23 1.36 1.17 0.74 0.86 0.55 ME0005-24JC 21.5 4.34 57.64 1.39 1.15 0.75 0.83 0.54 ME0005-24JC 24.5 4.69 57.81 1.33 0.98 0.69 0.74 0.52 ME0005-24JC 27.5 5.03 59.81 1.31 1.07 0.72 0.82 0.55 ME0005-24JC 31.5 5.48 59.98 1.24 1.15 0.74 0.93 0.60 ME0005-24JC 34.5 5.82 62.56 1.35 1.11 0.72 0.82 0.54 ME0005-24JC 37.5 6.16 61.81 1.18 1.1 0.71 0.93 0.60 ME0005-24JC 41.5 6.60 60.89 1.24 1.24 0.80 1.00 0.64 ME0005-24JC 44.5 6.92 60.89 1.18 1.2 0.78 1.02 0.66 ME0005-24JC 47.5 7.23 61.23 1.19 1.24 0.81 1.04 0.68 ME0005-24JC 51.5 7.66 59.39 1.22 1.38 0.89 1.13 0.73 ME0005-24JC 54.5 7.99 58.64 1.03 1.49 0.93 1.45 0.90 ME0005-24JC 57.5 8.28 53.06 1.02 1.38 0.91 1.35 0.89 ME0005-24JC 61.5 8.67 58.64 1.03 1.39 0.89 1.35 0.87 ME0005-24JC 64.5 8.95 53.23 1.06 1.45 0.96 1.37 0.91 ME0005-24JC 67.5 9.21 55.06 1.16 1.38 0.92 1.19 0.79 ME0005-24JC 71.5 9.56 52.23 1.13 1.55 0.98 1.37 0.87 ME0005-24JC 74.5 9.81 50.15 0.99 1.72 1.08 1.74 1.09 ME0005-24JC 77.5 9.99 42.15 0.8 2.3 1.37 2.88 1.71 ME0005-24JC 81.5 10.24 55.31 1.1 1.62 1.03 1.47 0.93 ME0005-24JC 84.5 10.41 44.40 0.95 1.77 1.24 1.86 1.30 ME0005-24JC 87.5 10.51 44.90 0.86 2.01 1.40 2.34 1.63 ME0005-24JC 91.5 10.64 55.15 0.89 1.18 0.93 1.33 1.05 ME0005-24JC 94.5 10.74 52.23 0.87 1.64 1.14 1.89 1.31 ME0005-24JC 97.5 10.83 48.56 0.94 1.83 1.27 1.95 1.35 ME0005-24JC 101.5 10.95 47.56 0.89 1.91 1.28 2.15 1.44 ME0005-24JC 104.5 11.04 41.98 0.87 2.22 1.56 2.55 1.80 ME0005-24JC 107.5 11.13 41.32 0.84 1.94 1.62 2.31 1.93 ME0005-24JC 111.5 11.25 41.48 0.86 1.85 1.50 2.15 1.75 ME0005-24JC 114.5 11.34 31.82 0.78 2.61 1.99 3.35 2.55 ME0005-24JC 117.5 11.43 32.74 0.66 2.5 1.90 3.79 2.88 ME0005-24JC 121.5 11.55 38.98 0.77 2.24 1.59 2.91 2.06 ME0005-24JC 124.5 11.64 37.07 0.74 2.51 1.46 3.39 1.97 ME0005-24JC 127.5 11.73 39.15 0.73 2.29 1.34 3.14 1.84 ME0005-24JC 131.5 11.85 37.65 0.7 2.97 1.59 4.24 2.27 ME0005-24JC 134.5 11.94 38.49 0.78 2.35 1.48 3.01 1.89 ME0005-24JC 137.5 12.03 41.90 0.76 2.56 1.43 3.37 1.88 ME0005-24JC 141.5 12.15 40.15 0.81 2.45 1.30 3.02 1.60 ME0005-24JC 144.5 12.24 45.48 0.89 2.75 1.25 3.09 1.40 ME0005-24JC 147.5 12.33 47.40 0.86 2.42 1.09 2.81 1.27 ME0005-24JC 151.5 12.45 49.23 0.83 2.34 1.00 2.82 1.21 ME0005-24JC 154.5 12.54 47.90 0.89 2.17 0.99 2.44 1.11 ME0005-24JC 157.5 12.64 50.48 1.03 1.87 0.90 1.82 0.88 ME0005-24JC 161.5 12.77 50.73 0.88 1.91 0.92 2.17 1.04 ME0005-24JC 164.5 12.86 54.31 0.93 1.75 0.86 1.88 0.93 ME0005-24JC 167.5 12.96 52.15 0.84 1.49 0.76 1.77 0.90 ME0005-24JC 171.5 13.09 53.48 0.9 1.48 0.80 1.64 0.88 ME0005-24JC 174.5 13.19 60.56 0.84 1.2 0.69 1.43 0.82 ME0005-24JC 177.5 13.29 57.73 0.91 1.07 0.70 1.18 0.77 ME0005-24JC 181.5 13.43 54.48 0.98 1.1 0.73 1.12 0.74 ME0005-24JC 184.5 13.54 59.73 0.94 1.03 0.71 1.10 0.75 ME0005-24JC 187.5 13.64 59.73 0.95 0.88 0.66 0.93 0.70 ME0005-24JC 191.5 13.81 60.64 0.95 0.81 0.66 0.85 0.69 ME0005-24JC 194.5 13.95 55.23 1 0.83 0.68 0.83 0.68 ME0005-24JC 197.5 14.08 57.56 1.01 0.87 0.68 0.86 0.67 ME0005-24JC 201.5 14.23 54.31 1 0.8 0.68 0.80 0.68 ME0005-24JC 204.5 14.35 61.14 0.94 0.73 0.65 0.78 0.69 ME0005-24JC 207.5 14.47 54.06 0.99 0.78 0.71 0.79 0.71 ME0005-24JC 211.5 14.65 58.56 0.9 0.78 0.68 0.87 0.76 ME0005-24JC 214.5 14.78 55.23 0.9 0.73 0.71 0.81 0.78 ME0005-24JC 217.5 14.92 60.98 0.81 0.66 0.66 0.81 0.81 ME0005-24JC 221.5 15.12 60.81 0.94 0.75 0.72 0.80 0.76 ME0005-24JC 224.5 15.27 54.48 0.95 0.85 0.77 0.89 0.81 ME0005-24JC 227.5 15.42 53.06 0.96 0.78 0.74 0.81 0.77 ME0005-24JC 231.5 15.61 53.90 1.02 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.74 ME0005-24JC 234.5 15.76 53.40 0.99 0.79 0.76 0.80 0.77 ME0005-24JC 237.5 15.91 50.73 1.01 0.8 0.76 0.79 0.75 ME0005-24JC 241.5 16.12 55.15 1.01 0.78 0.75 0.77 0.75 ME0005-24JC 244.5 16.29 55.73 1.04 0.79 0.71 0.76 0.68 ME0005-24JC 247.5 16.46 57.89 1.01 0.83 0.72 0.82 0.71 ME0005-24JC 251.5 16.69 60.48 1.01 0.82 0.70 0.81 0.69 ME0005-24JC 254.5 16.85 58.06 0.99 0.81 0.72 0.82 0.72 ME0005-24JC 257.5 16.98 59.73 0.99 0.8 0.71 0.81 0.72 ME0005-24JC 261.5 17.14 57.89 1 0.86 0.76 0.86 0.76 ME0005-24JC 264.5 17.27 59.06 1 0.75 0.70 0.75 0.70 ME0005-24JC 267.5 17.40 57.06 0.99 0.76 0.74 0.77 0.74 ME0005-24JC 271.5 17.56 57.48 1.03 0.8 0.75 0.78 0.73 ME0005-24JC 274.5 17.71 59.31 1.02 0.79 0.73 0.77 0.72 ME0005-24JC 277.5 17.86 61.39 1.05 0.82 0.74 0.78 0.71 ME0005-24JC 281.5 18.07 57.48 1.02 0.77 0.71 0.75 0.69 ME0005-24JC 284.5 18.25 61.06 0.99 0.77 0.71 0.78 0.71 ME0005-24JC 287.5 18.42 63.31 0.97 0.72 0.68 0.74 0.70 ME0005-24JC 291.5 18.63 60.89 1.04 0.78 0.70 0.75 0.67 ME0005-24JC 294.5 18.82 60.89 1.12 0.8 0.74 0.71 0.66 ME0005-24JC 297.5 18.98 61.73 1.1 0.77 0.69 0.70 0.62 ME0005-24JC 301.5 19.20 59.98 1.12 0.86 0.71 0.77 0.64 ME0005-24JC 307.5 19.53 59.14 1.13 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.66 ME0005-24JC 311.5 19.87 53.90 1.12 0.87 0.80 0.78 0.72 ME0005-24JC 314.5 20.19 58.56 1.11 0.86 0.75 0.77 0.67 ME0005-24JC 317.5 20.55 57.56 1.05 0.78 0.71 0.74 0.67 ME0005-24JC 321.5 21.04 57.06 1.14 0.87 0.75 0.76 0.66 ME0005-24JC 324.5 21.40 57.39 1.2 0.95 0.78 0.79 0.65 ME0005-24JC 327.5 21.77 56.56 1.16 0.92 0.75 0.79 0.65 ME0005-24JC 331.5 22.12 57.81 1.11 0.88 0.74 0.79 0.67 ME0005-24JC 334.5 22.32 57.73 1.06 0.8 0.70 0.75 0.66 ME0005-24JC 337.5 22.52 56.73 1.17 0.93 0.78 0.79 0.67 ME0005-24JC 341.5 22.79 57.14 1.16 0.88 0.76 0.76 0.65 ME0005-24JC 344.5 22.99 59.14 1.13 0.89 0.74 0.79 0.65 ME0005-24JC 347.5 23.19 57.98 1.11 0.88 0.71 0.79 0.64 ME0005-24JC 351.5 23.46 59.39 1.09 0.82 0.69 0.75 0.64 ME0005-24JC 354.5 23.68 63.73 1.11 0.84 0.62 0.76 0.56 ME0005-24JC 357.5 23.92 58.98 1.18 0.87 0.67 0.74 0.57 ME0005-24JC 361.5 24.20 61.64 1.12 0.8 0.65 0.71 0.58 ME0005-24JC 364.5 24.40 59.56 1.17 0.96 0.74 0.82 0.63 ME0005-24JC 367.5 24.65 56.73 1.28 1.05 0.78 0.82 0.61 ME0005-24JC 371.5 24.97 56.23 1.25 0.89 0.74 0.71 0.59 ME0005-24JC 374.5 25.21 56.14 1.19 0.86 0.72 0.72 0.60 ME0005-24JC 377.5 25.45 58.98 1.13 0.85 0.74 0.75 0.65 ME0005-24JC 381.5 25.77 56.39 1.16 0.86 0.75 0.74 0.64 ME0005-24JC 384.5 26.01 56.31 1.18 0.89 0.75 0.75 0.64 ME0005-24JC 387.5 26.26 56.98 1.16 0.87 0.75 0.75 0.64 ME0005-24JC 391.5 26.58 55.56 1.29 0.98 0.77 0.76 0.60 ME0005-24JC 394.5 26.82 54.98 1.27 0.94 0.72 0.74 0.57 ME0005-24JC 397.5 27.06 57.14 1.32 0.96 0.75 0.73 0.57 ME0005-24JC 401.5 27.38 58.64 1.26 0.92 0.71 0.73 0.56 ME0005-24JC 404.5 27.62 60.14 1.17 0.83 0.67 0.71 0.57 ME0005-24JC 407.5 27.87 56.98 1.24 0.87 0.68 0.70 0.54 ME0005-24JC 411.5 28.19 59.98 1.12 0.8 0.66 0.71 0.59 ME0005-24JC 414.5 28.43 57.39 1.13 0.82 0.68 0.73 0.60 ME0005-24JC 417.5 28.67 59.64 1.03 0.75 0.63 0.73 0.61 ME0005-24JC 421.5 28.96 53.65 1.19 0.9 0.71 0.76 0.59 ME0005-24JC 424.5 29.16 60.23 1.06 0.77 0.65 0.73 0.61 ME0005-24JC 427.5 29.40 56.31 1.16 0.83 0.69 0.72 0.60 ME0005-24JC 431.5 29.70 52.81 1.19 0.89 0.72 0.75 0.60 ME0005-24JC 434.5 29.90 54.40 1.39 1.04 0.80 0.75 0.57 3. Core Y69-71P Chronology based on 18O correlation backed up by radiocarbon dates (see Kienast et al. 2007 for details). Thorium and Uranium isotopes analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Fluxes are 230Th normalized fluxes. Note 1: data are corrected for standardization error that occured at the time of measurement (*0.85). Thus, these data are different by *0.85 from those listed in Loubere 2004 (see Kienast et al. 2007). Note 2: Organic carbon (Corg) taken from Lyle et al. 2002 Note that 10 g m-2 y-1 = 1g cm-2 ka Core id Depth Age 230Th tot. 238U tot. 232Th tot. ex230Th0 flux bulk flux bulk Corg Corg flux cm (ka) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (gm-2y-1) (g cm-2 ky (wt%) (g cm-2 ky-1) Note 1 Note 2 Y69-71 10.5 2.70 6.76 1.63 0.17 6.76 10.82 1.08 0.78 0.008 Y69-71 20.5 4.43 6.32 2.67 0.15 6.35 11.52 1.15 0.78 0.009 Y69-71 30.5 6.24 5.97 3.14 0.14 6.01 12.17 1.22 0.85 0.010 Y69-71 40.5 8.04 5.62 4.40 0.13 5.58 13.11 1.31 0.96 0.013 Y69-71 60.5 11.05 5.26 5.81 0.12 5.03 14.53 1.45 1.1 0.016 Y69-71 80.5 12.91 4.93 4.87 0.14 4.76 15.38 1.54 1 0.015 Y69-71 100.5 14.85 4.33 5.78 0.16 3.89 18.82 1.88 1.89 0.036 Y69-71 120.5 16.83 4.90 6.45 0.15 4.38 16.69 1.67 1.74 0.029 Y69-71 139.5 18.03 5.17 6.57 0.16 4.65 15.72 1.57 1.82 0.029 Y69-71 160.5 20.02 4.94 5.94 0.15 4.47 16.38 1.64 1.52 0.025 Y69-71 180.5 21.95 5.91 6.24 0.19 5.51 13.27 1.33 1.19 0.016 Y69-71 200.5 23.96 5.79 5.21 0.16 5.65 12.95 1.30 1.26 0.016 Y69-71 220.5 25.97 6.30 7.18 0.19 5.67 12.91 1.29 1.35 0.017 Y69-71 240.5 27.99 5.50 6.23 0.16 4.92 14.86 1.49 1.29 0.019 Y69-71 260.5 30.00 6.14 6.01 0.20 5.78 12.65 1.27 1.14 0.014 4. Core ME0005-27JC Chronology based on 4 radiocarbon dates (see Kienast et al. 2007). Thorium and Uranium Isotopes analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Organic carbon (Corg) derived by subtraction of carbonate carbon from total carbon. C total analyzed by CHN analyzer. Fluxes are 230Th normalized fluxes. Note that 10 g m-2 y-1 = 1g cm-2 ka core id depth age 230Th tot. 232Th tot. 238U tot. ex230Th0 Corg bulk flux Corg flux (cm) (ka) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (wt %) (g cm-2 ky-1(g cm-2 ky-1) ME0005-27JC 2.5 1.78 4.14 0.37 2.45 3.96 1.74 1.48 0.026 ME0005-27JC 16.5 3.94 4.23 0.35 3.19 4.08 1.48 1.44 0.021 ME0005-27JC 27.5 5.65 4.06 1.11 3.44 3.53 1.26 1.66 0.021 ME0005-27JC 42.5 7.97 3.93 0.39 4.45 3.70 0.94 1.59 0.015 ME0005-27JC 50.5 9.20 3.75 0.17 4.23 3.61 1.42 1.63 0.023 ME0005-27JC 59.5 10.60 3.42 0.23 3.69 3.28 1.44 1.79 0.026 ME0005-27JC 68.5 11.99 3.2 0.22 3.49 3.06 1.23 1.92 0.024 ME0005-27JC 76.5 13.23 3.09 0.23 4.18 2.84 1.99 2.07 0.041 ME0005-27JC 76.6 13.23 3.12 0.24 4.17 2.87 1.99 2.05 0.041 ME0005-27JC 83.5 14.31 3.57 0.28 4.5 3.30 2.26 1.78 0.040 ME0005-27JC 91.5 15.54 3.43 0.28 4.31 3.16 2.34 1.86 0.044 ME0005-27JC 99.5 16.72 3.75 0.36 5.82 3.23 3.09 1.82 0.056 ME0005-27JC 116.5 19.23 3.53 0.35 3.52 3.36 2.43 1.75 0.043 ME0005-27JC 142.5 23.37 4.05 0.32 5.76 3.49 2.57 1.68 0.043 ME0005-27JC 142.5 23.37 4.12 0.32 5.79 3.57 2.57 1.65 0.042 ME0005-27JC 167.5 27.39 4.28 0.32 5.33 3.83 2.45 1.53 0.038 ME0005-27JC 191.5 31.25 4.1 0.23 2.98 4.34 1.41 1.36 0.019 ME0005-27JC 207.5 33.82 3.74 0.27 4.25 3.43 1.30 1.71 0.022 5. Core TR163-31P Chronology based on benthic d18 (Martin et al. 2002). Thorium and Uranium Isotopes analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion. % organic carbon (Corg) derived by subtraction of carbonate carbon from total carbon. Fluxes are 230Th normalized fluxes. Note that 10 g m-2 y-1 = 1g cm-2 ka core id depth age 230Th tot. 232Th tot. 238U tot. ex230Th0 Corg bulk flux Corg flux (cm) (ka) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (wt %) g/cm2/ky g/cm2/ky TR163-31P 0.5 5.1 6.71 0.56 5.87 6.47 1.64 1.33 0.022 TR163-31P 16 7.26 5.85 0.43 5.07 5.69 1.60 1.51 0.024 TR163-31P 31 9.66 5.03 0.42 4.69 4.85 1.21 1.77 0.021 TR163-31P 46 12.6 4.94 0.45 4.39 4.78 1.76 1.79 0.032 TR163-31P 61 14.51 4.88 0.48 4.60 4.68 2.09 1.83 0.038 TR163-31P 76 16 4.92 0.55 5.85 4.50 1.81 1.90 0.034 TR163-31P 91 17.5 4.81 0.49 5.17 4.50 1.48 1.90 0.028 TR163-31P 121 20.19 4.68 0.44 4.85 4.43 2.07 1.94 0.040 TR163-31P 151 21.58 5.25 0.50 5.15 5.02 1.68 1.71 0.029 TR163-31P 166 22.66 5.19 0.43 2.01 TR163-31P 196 23.18 4.69 0.41 6.26 4.11 1.92 2.08 0.040 TR163-31P 211 23.68 4.90 0.40 6.94 4.20 1.77 2.04 0.036 TR163-31P 226 24.26 5.30 0.49 6.27 4.81 1.87 1.78 0.033 TR163-31P 241 25.21 5.49 0.47 6.99 4.86 2.04 1.76 0.036 TR163-31P 271 27.59 5.02 0.50 6.25 4.41 1.46 1.94 0.028 6. Core TR163-19P Chronology based on plank d18 (Lea et al. 2000 ) and radiocarbon dates (Spero & Lea, 2002). Thorium and Uranium Isotopes analyzed by ICP-MS following total acid digestion. % organic carbon (Corg) derived by subtraction of carbonate carbon from total carbon. Fluxes are 230Th normalized fluxes. Note that 10 g m-2 y-1 = 1g cm-2 ka Core id depth age 230Th tot. 232Th tot. 238U tot. ex230Th0 Corg bulk flux Corg flux (cm) (ka) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) (dpm/g) dpm/g (wt %) g/cm2/ky g/cm2/ky TR163-19P 13 4.35 7.87 0.07 0.76 8.12 0.45 0.77 0.003 TR163-19P 28 8.62 5.31 0.05 1.63 5.57 0.37 1.13 0.004 TR163-19P 43 12.99 4.75 0.10 2.31 5.01 0.68 1.25 0.009 TR163-19P 43 12.99 5.00 0.09 2.27 5.26 0.68 1.19 0.008 TR163-19P 46 13.86 4.08 0.10 2.22 4.28 0.55 1.46 0.008 TR163-19P 49 14.74 3.84 0.09 4.22 3.74 0.10 1.68 0.002 TR163-19P 52 15.61 3.70 0.10 2.18 3.88 0.66 1.61 0.011 TR163-19P 58 17.05 4.06 0.07 2.48 4.26 0.47 1.47 0.007 TR163-19P 73 20.36 4.65 0.08 3.25 4.87 0.81 1.29 0.010 TR163-19P 88 23.15 5.37 0.07 4.16 5.61 1.02 1.12 0.011 TR163-19P 103 25.95 4.72 0.09 3.60 4.97 0.52 1.26 0.007 TR163-19P 118 28.86 4.91 0.06 3.56 5.29 0.58 1.19 0.007 7. Core P7 Chronology based on 8 radiocarbon dates published by Pedersen et al. 1988 and Yang et al. 1995 ex230Th0 data from Yang et al. 1995 Organic carbon (Corg) data from Pedersen et al. 1988 and Yang et al.1995 Core id Depth Age ex230Th0 bulk flux Corg Corg flux (cm) (ka) dpm/g g/cm2/ky (wt %) g/cm2/ky P7 11 7.02 7 1.18 1 0.012 P7 21 9.87 5.62 1.47 1.19 0.017 P7 31 12.74 4.96 1.66 1.78 0.030 P7 41 15.25 5.3 1.55 2.01 0.031 P7 51 17.52 5.49 1.50 2.31 0.035 P7 61 18.85 5.71 1.44 1.91 0.028 P7 71 19.98 5.84 1.41 1.75 0.025 P7 81 21.18 5.62 1.47 1.5 0.022 P7 91 22.49 5.57 1.48 1.36 0.020 P7 101 23.81 5.53 1.49 1.25 0.019 P7 111 25.12 5.3 1.55 1.12 0.017 P7 121 28.01 5.89 1.40 1.29 0.018