# Global and Hemispheric 400 Year Glacier Length Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original reference when using these data, # plus the Online Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13544 # # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/leclercq2012/leclercq2012nh.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstruction #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2012-11-30 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Global and Hemispheric 400 Year Glacier Length Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Leclercq, P.W.; Oerlemans, J. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # # Global, Northern hemisphere, and Southern hemisphere temperature reconstructions for period 1600 to 2000, based on world-wide glacier length changes. Data are the reconstructed temperature anomaly w.r.t. the 1961-1990 average temperature, plus the uncertainty at 95% confidence interval. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Paul Willem Leclercq and Johannes Oerlemans # Published_Date_or_YEAR: 2012-03-01 # Published_Title: Global and hemispheric temperature reconstruction from glacier length fluctuations # Journal_Name: Climate Dynamics # Volume: 38 # Issue: 5-6 # Pages: 1065-1079 # DOI: 10.1007/s00382-011-1145-7 # Abstract: Temperature reconstructions for recent centuries provide a historical context for the warming over the twentieth century. We reconstruct annual averaged surface temperatures of the past 400 years on hemispherical and global scale from glacier length fluctuations. We use the glacier length records of 308 glaciers. The reconstruction is a temperature proxy with decadal resolution that is completely independent of other temperature records. Temperatures are derived from glacier length changes using a linear response equation and an analytical glacier model that is calibrated on numerical model results. The global and hemispherical temperatures reconstructed from glacier length fluctuations are in good agreement with the instrumental record of the last century. Furthermore our results agree with existing multi-proxy reconstructions of temperature in the pre-instrumental period. The temperature record obtained from glacier fluctuations confirms the pronounced warming of the twentieth century, giving a global cumulative warming of 0.94 ± 0.31 K over the period 1830-2000 and a cumulative warming of 0.84 ± 0.35 K over the period 1600-2000. # #--------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #--------------------- # Site_Information # Site_Name: Northern Hemisphere # Location: Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 90 # Southernmost_Latitude: 0 # Easternmost_Longitude: 180 # Westernmost_Longitude: -180 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Core_Name: leclercq2012nh # First_Year: 1600 # Last_Year: 2000 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology # # # #------------------ # Variables # # End Description/Documentation (lines begin with #) # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: material, error, units, anomaly, period, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # Data line format: tab-delimited text, variable short name as header ## age_AD Age (years AD), , , years AD , , , , N ## tempanom-ann surface temperature anomaly (degrees C), Annual, , , degrees C anomaly w.r.t. the 1961-1990 average temperature, , , , N ## tempanom-ann-err 95% CI surface temperature anomaly (degrees C), , , degrees C, , , , N #------------------------ # Data: # Missing Value: NA age_AD tempanom-ann tempanom-ann-err 1601 -0.647861 0.501529 1602 -0.639141 0.480501 1603 -0.628673 0.466944 1604 -0.619945 0.454755 1605 -0.430137 0.444578 1606 -0.423259 0.428892 1607 -0.417669 0.417428 1608 -0.411863 0.407906 1609 -0.404188 0.398354 1610 -0.395922 0.388779 1611 -0.384674 0.379483 1612 -0.370804 0.370837 1613 -0.359246 0.362880 1614 -0.350119 0.355634 1615 -0.343476 0.349505 1616 -0.339048 0.344584 1617 -0.334994 0.340771 1618 -0.329744 0.337753 1619 -0.325231 0.335654 1620 -0.323749 0.334290 1621 -0.326009 0.335571 1622 -0.330546 0.333021 1623 -0.337138 0.333306 1624 -0.343287 0.333376 1625 -0.348764 0.333206 1626 -0.354149 0.333380 1627 -0.359266 0.333879 1628 -0.364391 0.334726 1629 -0.369662 0.335834 1630 -0.374712 0.337110 1631 -0.379300 0.338423 1632 -0.383309 0.339799 1633 -0.387018 0.341032 1634 -0.390609 0.342488 1635 -0.393380 0.343847 1636 -0.395209 0.344914 1637 -0.396449 0.346214 1638 -0.397062 0.347265 1639 -0.397015 0.347910 1640 -0.396288 0.347888 1641 -0.394861 0.347209 1642 -0.395602 0.346588 1643 -0.393999 0.345527 1644 -0.381801 0.344205 1645 -0.367647 0.342663 1646 -0.357035 0.340745 1647 -0.346170 0.338993 1648 -0.335581 0.337263 1649 -0.325833 0.335684 1650 -0.317355 0.334498 1651 -0.310169 0.333523 1652 -0.304078 0.332391 1653 -0.299444 0.331035 1654 -0.296954 0.329966 1655 -0.294809 0.329562 1656 -0.292429 0.329638 1657 -0.294165 0.330170 1658 -0.303181 0.330443 1659 -0.316947 0.330445 1660 -0.330073 0.330499 1661 -0.342446 0.330963 1662 -0.354958 0.331785 1663 -0.363212 0.332560 1664 -0.363964 0.332480 1665 -0.359917 0.331886 1666 -0.356630 0.331638 1667 -0.354454 0.331779 1668 -0.350996 0.331794 1669 -0.345920 0.331662 1670 -0.340144 0.331663 1671 -0.335009 0.332077 1672 -0.330485 0.332395 1673 -0.326249 0.332879 1674 -0.322604 0.333430 1675 -0.319414 0.334143 1676 -0.333405 0.337928 1677 -0.330951 0.337375 1678 -0.329198 0.338690 1679 -0.328491 0.339387 1680 -0.329437 0.339529 1681 -0.331381 0.339394 1682 -0.332910 0.338514 1683 -0.333529 0.337074 1684 -0.333078 0.335450 1685 -0.331396 0.333362 1686 -0.328112 0.330843 1687 -0.323618 0.327756 1688 -0.318994 0.324263 1689 -0.314526 0.320577 1690 -0.309932 0.316606 1691 -0.304371 0.307684 1692 -0.297898 0.302822 1693 -0.292455 0.299494 1694 -0.290035 0.296945 1695 -0.291062 0.294710 1696 -0.295642 0.292792 1697 -0.303499 0.291631 1698 -0.313017 0.290762 1699 -0.322363 0.290107 1700 -0.332070 0.289873 1701 -0.343726 0.290243 1702 -0.357115 0.291197 1703 -0.370515 0.291325 1704 -0.382986 0.291667 1705 -0.394425 0.292214 1706 -0.402400 0.290312 1707 -0.411135 0.291262 1708 -0.419862 0.293347 1709 -0.429179 0.295400 1710 -0.437100 0.297630 1711 -0.442066 0.300071 1712 -0.443883 0.303260 1713 -0.442593 0.306003 1714 -0.439055 0.308890 1715 -0.434366 0.311700 1716 -0.428784 0.314328 1717 -0.423037 0.316770 1718 -0.418013 0.318970 1719 -0.413054 0.320953 1720 -0.388425 0.321974 1721 -0.380277 0.328039 1722 -0.373872 0.320072 1723 -0.369701 0.320751 1724 -0.367642 0.322585 1725 -0.367375 0.324976 1726 -0.367718 0.327077 1727 -0.367029 0.329555 1728 -0.365099 0.332501 1729 -0.362271 0.335489 1730 -0.358777 0.338807 1731 -0.484721 0.351247 1732 -0.480036 0.350697 1733 -0.474566 0.355608 1734 -0.468761 0.356336 1735 -0.462589 0.356053 1736 -0.456384 0.355634 1737 -0.451020 0.354898 1738 -0.446322 0.353893 1739 -0.441915 0.352558 1740 -0.437738 0.351310 1741 -0.425231 0.349102 1742 -0.421240 0.348483 1743 -0.419072 0.347772 1744 -0.435397 0.346515 1745 -0.427775 0.345481 1746 -0.422217 0.344493 1747 -0.418028 0.343343 1748 -0.415311 0.341900 1749 -0.413473 0.340471 1750 -0.411577 0.338864 1751 -0.421377 0.333494 1752 -0.420171 0.330602 1753 -0.419405 0.329121 1754 -0.419335 0.327493 1755 -0.420138 0.326386 1756 -0.421573 0.325585 1757 -0.423550 0.324847 1758 -0.426026 0.324383 1759 -0.429024 0.324361 1760 -0.432769 0.324185 1761 -0.443557 0.325370 1762 -0.448858 0.324568 1763 -0.454641 0.324127 1764 -0.473583 0.324557 1765 -0.479866 0.324382 1766 -0.486826 0.324449 1767 -0.495250 0.324355 1768 -0.505454 0.324392 1769 -0.518705 0.324222 1770 -0.533918 0.323996 1771 -0.561928 0.323932 1772 -0.576494 0.323550 1773 -0.581805 0.322710 1774 -0.583341 0.321533 1775 -0.582683 0.320008 1776 -0.579602 0.317940 1777 -0.573236 0.315617 1778 -0.559907 0.312711 1779 -0.540937 0.309417 1780 -0.523091 0.306152 1781 -0.472357 0.300935 1782 -0.460557 0.297397 1783 -0.450685 0.294439 1784 -0.444191 0.291702 1785 -0.441749 0.289023 1786 -0.441904 0.286530 1787 -0.445618 0.284207 1788 -0.451340 0.281985 1789 -0.455449 0.279897 1790 -0.457834 0.277862 1791 -0.458436 0.275818 1792 -0.458004 0.273827 1793 -0.457315 0.272123 1794 -0.456348 0.270514 1795 -0.455684 0.268756 1796 -0.481538 0.268163 1797 -0.482370 0.263316 1798 -0.484499 0.262163 1799 -0.486792 0.260724 1800 -0.485780 0.259094 1801 -0.482002 0.257589 1802 -0.471807 0.256096 1803 -0.469173 0.254730 1804 -0.466831 0.253195 1805 -0.466068 0.251607 1806 -0.467579 0.249894 1807 -0.470946 0.248313 1808 -0.475137 0.246880 1809 -0.481119 0.245481 1810 -0.489872 0.243915 1811 -0.501557 0.242382 1812 -0.514036 0.241016 1813 -0.524252 0.239578 1814 -0.530796 0.238006 1815 -0.536382 0.236542 1816 -0.539306 0.232674 1817 -0.545721 0.231072 1818 -0.546910 0.229585 1819 -0.538399 0.228383 1820 -0.524905 0.227557 1821 -0.513325 0.227030 1822 -0.504521 0.226560 1823 -0.480683 0.226395 1824 -0.476822 0.226489 1825 -0.474362 0.226598 1826 -0.471932 0.226801 1827 -0.468700 0.227285 1828 -0.465285 0.228065 1829 -0.465269 0.228990 1830 -0.469614 0.229919 1831 -0.475681 0.230752 1832 -0.480503 0.231557 1833 -0.483591 0.232222 1834 -0.534129 0.234599 1835 -0.534768 0.234640 1836 -0.526428 0.234768 1837 -0.524583 0.234184 1838 -0.522748 0.233883 1839 -0.521214 0.233343 1840 -0.519447 0.232149 1841 -0.542972 0.229654 1842 -0.541618 0.228455 1843 -0.541824 0.226638 1844 -0.542037 0.224865 1845 -0.539911 0.223008 1846 -0.536797 0.221173 1847 -0.533722 0.219577 1848 -0.530273 0.218109 1849 -0.528200 0.216196 1850 -0.531119 0.214223 1851 -0.569557 0.213150 1852 -0.568230 0.209362 1853 -0.565208 0.207369 1854 -0.560669 0.205427 1855 -0.555038 0.203889 1856 -0.546477 0.202346 1857 -0.540040 0.201035 1858 -0.534935 0.200192 1859 -0.526550 0.199733 1860 -0.519659 0.199501 1861 -0.539647 0.206220 1862 -0.532052 0.199059 1863 -0.521921 0.198457 1864 -0.523469 0.197791 1865 -0.519465 0.197261 1866 -0.513916 0.196526 1867 -0.512927 0.194973 1868 -0.511265 0.193584 1869 -0.507943 0.192847 1870 -0.523583 0.192157 1871 -0.514898 0.191311 1872 -0.501572 0.191807 1873 -0.494504 0.192604 1874 -0.491814 0.193599 1875 -0.488272 0.194662 1876 -0.432387 0.198311 1877 -0.430120 0.198802 1878 -0.430344 0.199889 1879 -0.435308 0.200366 1880 -0.437578 0.200739 1881 -0.453442 0.200221 1882 -0.454491 0.200173 1883 -0.448777 0.200069 1884 -0.408645 0.200583 1885 -0.428990 0.200937 1886 -0.419257 0.201136 1887 -0.435209 0.201765 1888 -0.409504 0.203993 1889 -0.407138 0.202139 1890 -0.475821 0.204660 1891 -0.363649 0.211083 1892 -0.354529 0.207563 1893 -0.346428 0.202848 1894 -0.348582 0.197483 1895 -0.351056 0.192250 1896 -0.377904 0.187834 1897 -0.382717 0.182161 1898 -0.395352 0.177199 1899 -0.401045 0.175152 1900 -0.391656 0.170048 1901 -0.385183 0.163560 1902 -0.384601 0.158308 1903 -0.384050 0.154447 1904 -0.379575 0.150849 1905 -0.377359 0.147709 1906 -0.373737 0.144826 1907 -0.371504 0.142070 1908 -0.368501 0.139461 1909 -0.364260 0.137540 1910 -0.367044 0.135765 1911 -0.360621 0.133255 1912 -0.355279 0.131296 1913 -0.352349 0.129394 1914 -0.343884 0.128650 1915 -0.339590 0.126969 1916 -0.335800 0.125266 1917 -0.331303 0.124415 1918 -0.323827 0.123644 1919 -0.316377 0.122569 1920 -0.306643 0.121481 1921 -0.282581 0.120230 1922 -0.273801 0.119273 1923 -0.263421 0.118417 1924 -0.252354 0.117458 1925 -0.238045 0.116630 1926 -0.228365 0.115522 1927 -0.213694 0.114427 1928 -0.203266 0.113424 1929 -0.187763 0.112371 1930 -0.173427 0.111084 1931 -0.161743 0.109573 1932 -0.149140 0.108140 1933 -0.110663 0.107175 1934 -0.092983 0.105392 1935 -0.078107 0.103655 1936 -0.062835 0.103223 1937 -0.050295 0.099858 1938 -0.043025 0.096593 1939 -0.031688 0.093218 1940 -0.019947 0.089991 1941 -0.009301 0.086884 1942 0.001883 0.083814 1943 0.012735 0.080801 1944 0.019034 0.078050 1945 0.027323 0.075305 1946 0.034876 0.073016 1947 0.045449 0.070595 1948 0.049578 0.068358 1949 0.046652 0.066326 1950 0.045530 0.064524 1951 0.037978 0.062656 1952 0.027568 0.060820 1953 0.015746 0.058879 1954 0.005375 0.057367 1955 -0.002787 0.056149 1956 -0.010955 0.055033 1957 -0.015760 0.054853 1958 -0.018611 0.055102 1959 -0.018569 0.055396 1960 -0.020969 0.056489 1961 -0.025814 0.057618 1962 -0.028974 0.058782 1963 -0.029595 0.060448 1964 -0.034735 0.062257 1965 -0.047186 0.064185 1966 -0.054796 0.066273 1967 -0.065420 0.068480 1968 -0.078290 0.068597 1969 -0.079728 0.070245 1970 -0.093749 0.071688 1971 -0.104811 0.073179 1972 -0.116976 0.074620 1973 -0.128740 0.075883 1974 -0.137925 0.077394 1975 -0.144488 0.079389 1976 -0.143048 0.081834 1977 -0.139615 0.084174 1978 -0.142113 0.085929 1979 -0.133448 0.087534 1980 -0.127420 0.088121 1981 -0.121705 0.089577 1982 -0.112407 0.091363 1983 -0.100330 0.093284 1984 -0.084797 0.095635 1985 -0.066967 0.099095 1986 -0.033435 0.104175 1987 -0.014433 0.104731 1988 0.005284 0.108506 1989 0.002775 0.111075 1990 0.008305 0.115099 1991 0.019119 0.120458 1992 0.033367 0.123417 1993 0.049448 0.128539 1994 0.065574 0.134973 1995 0.089230 0.142390 1996 0.108937 0.148756 1997 0.153604 0.147096 1998 0.178214 0.152627 1999 0.194102 0.158585 2000 0.217297 0.166636