2,000 Year Hemispheric and Global Surface Temperature Reconstructions
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               World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
                                  and
                     NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
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NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!!


NAME OF DATA SET: 
2,000 Year Hemispheric and Global Surface Temperature Reconstructions

LAST UPDATE: 8/2010. Proxy data zipfiles replaced; previously archived 
zipfiles contained proxy data series not used in the reconstructions.
Original receipt by WDC Paleo 9/2008. 

CONTRIBUTOR: Michael E. Mann, The Pennsylvania State University 
IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-084

WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: 
Mann, M.E., et al. 2008.
2,000 Year Hemispheric and Global Surface Temperature Reconstructions. 
IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology 
Data Contribution Series # 2008-084. 
NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA.


ORIGINAL REFERENCE:  Mann, M.E., Z. Zhang, M.K. Hughes, R.S. Bradley, 
S.K. Miller, S. Rutherford, and F. Ni.  2008.
Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface 
temperature variations over the past two millennia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 36, 
September 9, 2008.  doi:10.1073/pnas.0805721105
 
ABSTRACT:
Following the suggestions of a recent National Research Council report 
[NRC (National Research Council) (2006) Surface Temperature 
Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years (Natl Acad Press, Washington, 
DC).], we reconstruct surface temperature at hemispheric and global 
scale for much of the last 2,000 years using a greatly expanded set of 
proxy data for decadal-to-centennial climate changes, recently updated 
instrumental data, and complementary methods that have been thoroughly 
tested and validated with model simulation experiments. Our results 
extend previous conclusions that recent Northern Hemisphere surface 
temperature increases are likely anomalous in a long-term context. 
Recent warmth appears anomalous for at least the past 1,300 years
whether or not tree-ring data are used. If tree-ring data are used,
the conclusion can be extended to at least the past 1,700 years, 
but with additional strong caveats.  The reconstructed amplitude 
of change over past centuries is greater than hitherto reported, 
with somewhat greater Medieval warmth in the Northern Hemisphere,
albeit still not reaching recent levels.


GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Global
PERIOD OF RECORD: 0 - 2006 AD

FUNDING SOURCES: 
U.S. National Science Foundation, Atmospheric Sciences Program,  
Grant ATM-0542356 to M.E.M. and Z.Z..  

U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science (Biological and 
Environmental Research), Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER62604 to R.S.B.. 

U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant NA16GP2914,
from Climate Change Data and Detection, to M.K.H. and F.N..



DESCRIPTION:  
Global and hemispheric surface temperature reconstructions for the 
past two millennia, plus the input data (instrumental data and proxy 
network) and code used to produce the reconstructions.  
Detailed "Readme" files are contained in each of the compressed 
archive files for the reconstructions, input data, and source code. 

Reconstructions are computed separately using either 
"composite plus scale" (CPS) or "error-in-variables" (EIV) 
regression methodology, for global and hemispheric extent, 
and utilizing land-only or land plus ocean instrumental 
calibration data sets.  



DATA:
Compressed archive data files:
recons-cps.zip      CPS Temperature Reconstructions 
recons-eiv.zip      EIV Temperature Reconstructions 
proxy-original.zip  Original Proxy Data 
proxy-infilled.zip  Infilled Proxy Data 
itrdb-matrix.zip    Proxy Data Matrix 
instrument.zip      Instrumental Data 
code.zip            Computer Source Code