Indo-Pacific Warm Pool 40KYr SST and d18Osw Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Indo-Pacific Warm Pool 40KYr SST and d18Osw Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 5/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Mohtadi, M., S. Steinke, A. Lückge, J. Groeneveld, and E.C. Hathorne. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-062 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Mohtadi, M., et al. 2011. Indo-Pacific Warm Pool 40KYr SST and d18Osw Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-062. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Mohtadi, M., S. Steinke, A. Lückge, J. Groeneveld, and E.C. Hathorne. 2010. Glacial to Holocene surface hydrography of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 292, pp. 89-97. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.024 ABSTRACT: Quantifying the spatial and temporal sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity changes of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool is essential to understand the role of this region in connection with abrupt climate changes particularly during the last deglaciation. In this study we reconstruct SST and seawater d18O of the tropical eastern Indian Ocean for the past 40,000 years from two sediment cores (GeoB 10029-4, 1°30'S, 100°08'E, and GeoB 10038-4, 5°56'S, 103°15'E) retrieved offshore Sumatra. Our results show that annual mean SSTs increased about 2-3 °C at 19,000 years ago and exhibited southern hemisphere- like timing and pattern during the last deglaciation. Our SST records together with other Mg/Ca-based SST reconstructions around Indonesia do not track the monsoon variation since the last glacial period, as recorded by terrestrial monsoon archives. However, the spatial SST heterogeneity might be a result of changing monsoon intensity that shifts either the annual mean SSTs or the seasonality of G. ruber towards the warmer or the cooler season at different locations. Seawater d18O reconstructions north of the equator suggest fresher surface conditions during the last glacial and track the northern high-latitude climate change during the last deglaciation. In contrast, seawater d18O records south of the equator do not show a significant difference between the last glacial period and the Holocene, and lack Bølling-Allerød and Younger Dryas periods suggestive of additional controls on annual mean surface hydrology in this part of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Anand, P., H. Elderfield, and M.H. Conte. 2003. Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography, Vol. 18, doi:10.1029/2002PA000846. Bemis, B.E., H.J. Spero, J. Bijma, and D.W. Lea. 1998. Reevaluation of the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera: experimental results and revised paleotemperature equations. Paleoceanography, 13 (2), 150–160. Hughen, K.A., et al.. 2004. Marine04 marine radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon, 46, 1059-1086. Jöris, O. and B. Weninger. 1998. Extension of the 14C calibration curve to ca. 40, 000 cal BC by synchronizing Greenland 18O/16O ice core records and North Atlantic foraminifera profiles: A comparison with U/Th coral data. Radiocarbon, Vol. 40 (1), 495-504. Waelbroeck, C., L. Labeyrie, E. Michel, J.C. Duplessy, J.F. McManus, K. Lambeck, E. Balbon, and M. Labracherie. 2002. Sea-level and deep water temperature changes derived from benthic foraminifera isotopic records. Quatern. Sci. Rev., 21 (1-3), 295-305. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern Tropical Indian Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 40 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung project "PABESIA", MARUM fellowships. DESCRIPTION: Benthic (Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi) and planktonic (Globigerinoides ruber, sensu stricto or sensu lato) foraminiferal oxygen isotope (d18O) and Mg/Ca data, plus reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and d18O-seawater from two Indo-Pacific Warm Pool cores for the last 40,000 years. Core Locations: GeoB 10029-4: 1°29.67'S, 100°07.68'E, 964m water depth GeoB 10038-4: 5°56.25'S, 103°14.76'E, 1819m water depth DATA: 1. List of AMS 14C dating points from the cores GeoB 10029-4 and 10038-4 Converted to calendar age using CALPAL 2007-Hulu (Jöris and Weninger, 1998) program and the CALIB 5.0.1program (Hughen et al., 2004), respectively. Depth Sample 14C CALPALage Error 2-sigma CalibAge Error 2-sigma (cm) ident. years Error CalYrsBP range CalYrsBP range GeoB 10029-4 8 KIA31762 2080 60 1610 80 1450–1770 1645 80 1513–1811 53 KIA31291 7830 45 8240 60 8120–8360 8308 50 8186–8383 118 KIA31290 15160 90 17850 40 17,770–17,930 17870 190 17,417–18,489 218 KIA31289 21280 140 24820 110 24,600–25,040 25152 246 24,640–25,518 323 KIA31288 28660 315 32680 360 31,960–33,400 – – – GeoB 10038-4 3 KIA38219 800 35 440 70 300–580 450 35 350–502 88 KIA38242 8065 50 8470 50 8370–8570 8518 60 8395–8645 143 KIA38212 13110 80 15230 130 14,970–15,490 15009 150 14,647–15,289 193 KIA38234 18060 140 21170 170 20,830–21,510 20817 230 20,451–21,298 233 KIA38258 22880 250 27200 420 26,360–28,040 – – – 273 KIA38229 28370 480 32550 450 31,650–33,450 – – – 2. GeoB 10038-4 benthic and plaktonic data Depth Age d18Obenth. d18Oplank. Mg/Ca SST d18O seawater [cm] kyrBP [‰PDB] [‰PDB] [mmol/mol] [°C] [‰SMOW] C.wuell. G.rub.ss G.rub.ss Anand2003 Bemis1998/Waelbroeck2003 0 0.00 - -3.07 4.78 27.84 -0.10 3 0.44 2.32 -2.64 4.34 26.76 0.10 8 0.91 2.80 -2.88 4.35 26.79 -0.13 13 1.38 1.54 -2.35 4.53 27.26 0.49 18 1.86 1.89 -2.65 4.39 26.89 0.11 23 2.33 2.46 -2.82 4.33 26.76 -0.08 28 2.80 2.51 -2.74 4.07 26.07 -0.15 33 3.27 2.61 -2.67 4.17 26.32 -0.03 38 3.75 2.06 -2.65 4.05 26.00 -0.08 43 4.22 2.09 -2.61 4.28 26.61 0.09 48 4.69 2.44 -2.35 3.84 25.40 0.09 53 5.16 2.58 -2.53 4.22 26.46 0.12 58 5.64 1.84 -2.53 - - - 63 6.11 2.54 -2.75 4.06 26.02 -0.20 68 6.58 2.29 -2.34 3.99 25.84 0.17 73 7.05 2.66 -2.37 3.91 25.61 0.08 78 7.53 2.66 -2.25 3.90 25.58 0.18 83 8.00 2.43 -2.40 4.25 26.54 0.22 88 8.47 2.71 -2.64 4.02 25.92 -0.19 93 9.08 2.72 -2.37 3.96 25.76 -0.01 98 9.70 2.54 -2.32 3.84 25.40 -0.09 103 10.31 2.70 -2.10 4.03 25.95 0.17 108 10.93 2.19 -1.65 3.91 25.61 0.48 113 11.54 2.80 -1.83 3.93 25.68 0.24 118 12.16 2.77 -1.53 4.16 26.30 0.60 123 12.77 3.10 -1.28 3.96 25.75 0.66 128 13.39 2.89 -1.79 3.85 25.45 0.01 133 14.00 3.42 - - - - 138 14.62 3.43 -1.27 3.72 25.06 0.31 143 15.23 3.47 -0.83 3.90 25.57 0.80 148 15.82 3.44 -1.06 3.84 25.42 0.50 153 16.42 3.32 -0.86 3.85 25.43 0.67 158 17.01 3.92 -0.95 3.67 24.92 0.44 163 17.61 3.62 -0.78 3.84 25.41 0.70 168 18.20 3.72 -0.87 3.64 24.82 0.46 173 18.79 3.91 -0.47 3.48 24.32 0.74 178 19.39 4.05 -0.95 3.31 23.77 0.14 183 19.98 3.94 -0.73 3.41 24.10 0.42 188 20.58 4.09 -0.75 3.83 25.39 0.67 193 21.17 3.85 -0.34 3.91 25.61 1.14 198 21.94 3.98 -0.71 3.74 25.11 0.67 203 22.72 3.85 -1.03 3.47 24.27 0.18 208 23.49 3.98 -0.65 3.56 24.56 0.64 213 24.26 3.49 -0.84 3.67 24.92 0.55 217 24.88 4.01 -1.11 3.42 24.13 0.13 222 25.65 3.76 -0.62 3.45 24.21 0.67 227 26.43 4.10 -0.83 3.62 24.76 0.61 232 27.20 4.00 -0.73 3.30 23.73 0.52 237 27.87 3.72 -0.74 3.74 25.13 0.84 242 28.54 4.01 -1.15 3.93 25.66 0.58 247 29.21 3.79 -1.04 3.68 24.94 0.58 252 29.88 3.45 -0.57 3.40 24.05 0.89 257 30.54 3.57 -1.15 3.35 23.90 0.31 262 31.21 3.68 -0.87 3.24 23.53 0.52 267 31.88 3.78 -0.95 3.83 25.39 0.84 272 32.55 3.46 -0.70 3.47 24.29 0.86 277 33.43 3.89 -0.89 3.60 24.68 0.75 282 34.31 3.69 -1.16 3.51 24.42 0.42 287 35.19 3.63 -1.36 3.92 25.64 0.47 292 36.07 - -0.89 3.70 25.01 0.82 297 36.95 3.66 -1.15 3.64 24.81 0.56 302 37.83 3.53 -1.34 3.68 24.95 0.45 307 38.71 3.54 -1.13 3.52 24.46 0.58 312 39.59 3.41 -1.14 3.66 24.89 0.68 3. GeoB 10029-4 benthic and plaktonic data Depth Age d18O Mg/Ca Mg/Ca SSTs.s. SSTs.l. d18O seawater [cm] [kyrBP] [‰PDB] [mmol/mol] [mmol/mol] [°C] [°C] [‰SMOW] G.rub.ss G.rub.ss G.rub.sl Anand2003 Anand2003 Bemis1998/Waelbroeck2003 0 0.00 -3.10 5.10 5.21 28.56 28.80 0.02 3 0.87 -2.97 5.02 5.06 28.38 28.48 0.11 8 1.61 -2.75 5.17 4.98 28.72 28.30 0.40 13 2.35 -2.80 4.97 5.01 28.27 28.38 0.25 18 3.08 -3.12 4.87 5.21 28.06 28.79 -0.12 23 3.82 -2.83 5.27 4.96 28.94 28.26 0.36 28 4.56 -3.01 4.91 5.14 28.15 28.65 0.00 33 5.29 -3.16 5.14 5.03 28.65 28.41 -0.05 38 6.03 -2.91 5.03 5.09 28.40 28.55 0.14 43 6.77 -2.68 5.00 5.01 28.35 28.36 0.35 48 7.50 -2.60 4.99 4.92 28.33 28.17 0.40 53 8.24 -2.93 4.78 4.83 27.84 27.96 -0.07 58 9.77 -2.49 4.83 4.68 27.97 27.62 0.26 63 11.31 -2.02 4.55 4.69 27.30 27.64 0.42 68 12.45 -1.93 4.60 4.64 27.42 27.51 0.39 73 12.99 -1.83 4.54 4.24 27.27 26.51 0.39 78 13.53 -1.92 4.55 4.20 27.30 26.40 0.24 83 14.07 -1.93 4.64 4.44 27.52 27.03 0.21 88 14.61 -1.60 4.46 4.25 27.08 26.55 0.40 93 15.15 -1.47 4.36 4.05 26.82 26.01 0.43 98 15.69 -1.40 4.31 4.09 26.68 26.13 0.42 103 16.23 -0.99 4.38 4.01 26.88 25.91 0.85 108 16.77 - 4.22 3.90 26.46 25.58 - 113 17.31 -1.16 4.21 3.81 26.43 25.33 0.53 118 17.85 -0.77 4.11 3.91 26.17 25.61 0.85 123 18.21 -1.39 4.23 3.78 26.50 25.23 0.29 128 18.57 -1.13 4.46 3.91 27.06 25.61 0.66 133 18.93 -1.29 4.27 3.65 26.60 24.85 0.39 138 19.29 -1.42 3.90 3.69 25.58 24.97 0.04 143 19.65 -1.40 3.68 3.96 24.93 25.74 -0.07 148 20.01 -1.39 3.94 3.70 25.69 24.99 0.09 153 20.36 -1.26 3.73 3.61 25.10 24.72 0.10 158 20.72 -1.38 3.88 3.97 25.52 25.79 0.07 163 21.08 -1.59 3.85 3.88 25.45 25.54 -0.15 168 21.44 -1.37 3.83 3.86 25.38 25.46 0.06 173 21.80 -1.33 3.93 3.97 25.66 25.77 0.17 178 22.16 -1.27 3.91 3.91 25.60 25.60 0.22 183 22.52 -1.45 3.99 3.71 25.84 25.02 0.09 188 22.88 -1.17 3.96 3.84 25.75 25.42 0.36 193 23.24 -1.37 3.84 3.72 25.40 25.07 0.10 198 23.60 -1.46 3.89 3.80 25.54 25.30 0.05 203 23.96 -1.35 4.11 3.87 26.17 25.51 0.29 208 24.32 - 3.86 3.79 25.46 25.28 - 210 24.46 -1.36 4.06 4.12 26.02 26.18 0.27 215 24.82 -1.54 - - - - - 220 25.19 -1.51 3.97 3.65 25.77 24.86 0.10 225 25.57 -1.44 3.91 3.80 25.61 25.28 0.14 230 25.94 -1.41 3.91 3.91 25.61 25.60 0.19 235 26.32 -1.45 3.68 3.89 24.93 25.54 0.02 240 26.69 -1.50 3.97 3.50 25.78 24.38 0.17 245 27.07 -1.24 3.81 3.61 25.32 24.74 0.34 250 27.44 -1.58 4.12 3.56 26.19 24.58 0.20 255 27.81 -1.44 3.90 3.90 25.58 25.59 0.24 260 28.19 -1.59 3.65 3.71 24.83 25.02 -0.05 265 28.56 -1.58 - 4.06 - 26.02 - 270 28.94 -1.57 3.80 3.78 25.31 25.24 0.12 275 29.31 -1.49 3.76 3.73 25.18 25.10 0.18 280 29.69 -1.28 3.60 3.66 24.70 24.89 0.31 285 30.06 -1.62 3.64 3.74 24.81 25.12 0.01 290 30.43 -1.41 3.65 3.93 24.84 25.67 0.24 295 30.81 -1.49 3.84 3.61 25.42 24.74 0.29 300 31.18 -1.58 3.69 3.30 24.98 23.72 0.11 305 31.56 -1.63 3.66 3.59 24.89 24.66 0.05 310 31.93 -1.55 3.70 3.69 25.01 24.96 0.15 315 32.31 -1.33 3.77 3.55 25.20 24.56 0.41 320 32.68 -1.78 - - - - - 325 33.30 -1.58 3.89 3.75 25.54 25.14 0.24 330 33.92 -1.50 3.67 3.71 24.91 25.02 0.18 335 34.54 -1.69 3.51 3.64 24.40 24.81 -0.11 340 35.16 -1.44 3.86 3.77 25.47 25.20 0.35 345 35.78 -1.46 3.94 3.80 25.69 25.31 0.39 350 36.40 -1.79 3.66 3.87 24.87 25.49 -0.10 355 37.02 -1.33 3.88 3.86 25.53 25.48 0.53 360 37.64 -1.97 3.84 3.80 25.40 25.29 -0.10 365 38.26 -1.90 3.92 3.78 25.64 25.24 0.04 370 38.88 -1.93 3.90 3.88 25.58 25.53 0.02 375 39.50 -2.00 3.81 3.92 25.31 25.64 -0.10 380 40.12 -1.73 3.93 3.91 25.68 25.61 0.24