Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 1143 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 1143 LAST UPDATE: 02/2007 (Original Receipt by WDCA Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Mudelsee, M. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-022 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Mudelsee and Raymo, 2007, Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 1143 IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2007-022. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA): Tian, J., P. Wang, X. Cheng, and Q. Li (2002), Astronomically tuned Plio-Pleistocene benthic d18O record from South China Sea and Atlantic-Pacific comparison. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 203, 1015-1029. ORIGINAL REFERENCE (TIMESCALE): See ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA). GEOGRAPHIC REGION: South China Sea PERIOD OF RECORD: 2 Myr to 4 Myr before the present DESCRIPTION: Oxygen isotope record, adjusted to seawater d18O level. See ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA) and Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Slow dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153). CORE NAME: ODP 1143 LOCATION LATITUDE: 9 deg 22' N LOCATION LONGITUDE: 113 deg 17' E WATER DEPTH: 2772 m FORAMINIFERA: C. wuellerstorfi, U. peregrina HABITAT: benthic ADJUSTMENT: original d18O + 0.64 per mil (C. wuellerstorfi) NUMBER OF DATA POINTS: 673 ABSTRACT: Unraveling the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) in the Pliocene is a key step toward a quantitative theory of the climate transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world. Extracting the ice-volume signal from marine oxygen isotope (d18O) records corrupted with 'temperature noise' can be accomplished using statistical time series analysis. We use 45 d18O records from benthic and planktonic foraminifera and globally distributed sites to reconstruct the dynamics of NHG initiation. We compare d18O amplitudes with those of temperature proxy records and estimate a global ice-volume related increase of 0.4 per mil, equivalent to an overall sea-level lowering of 43 meters. We find the NHG started significantly earlier than previously assumed, as early as 3.6 Myr, and ended at 2.4 Myr. This long-term increase points to slow, tectonic forcing such as closing of ocean gateways or mountain building, as the root cause of the NHG. (Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153).) FUNDING SOURCE: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn, Germany (MU 1595/2). CONTACT: Dr. Manfred Mudelsee Climate Risk Analysis Wasserweg 2 06114 Halle (S) Germany Telephone: +49 (0)345 5323860 Email: mudelsee@climate-risk-analysis.com URL: http://www.climate-risk-analysis.com DATA: Core Depth Age d18O (m) (kyr) (per mil) 95.02 1999.566 3.903 95.12 2002.233 3.721 95.22 2004.9 3.677 95.32 2006.9 4.227 95.52 2010.899 3.442 95.62 2012.9 3.453 95.72 2015.6 3.276 95.82 2018.3 3.147 95.92 2021 3.414 96.02 2026.485 3.51 96.12 2031.971 3.596 96.22 2037.457 3.755 96.32 2042.520 3.541 96.42 2047.16 3.673 96.52 2051.8 3.696 96.62 2052.566 4.003 96.72 2053.333 3.825 96.82 2054.100 3.141 96.92 2055.400 3.622 97.02 2056.7 3.653 97.12 2058 3.681 97.22 2059.3 3.472 97.32 2063.360 3.832 97.42 2067.419 3.96 97.52 2071.48 3.964 97.62 2075.54 4.145 97.72 2079.600 4.226 97.82 2080.513 4.145 97.92 2081.427 4.093 98.02 2082.341 4.258 98.12 2083.255 4.314 98.3 2084.899 3.961 98.4 2085.379 4.16 98.5 2085.859 4.123 98.6 2086.339 3.784 98.7 2086.819 4.02 98.8 2087.3 3.766 98.9 2087.78 3.808 99 2088.26 3.75 99.1 2090.759 3.563 99.2 2095.279 3.484 99.3 2099.8 3.689 99.4 2102.48 3.634 99.5 2105.159 3.732 99.6 2107.839 3.651 99.7 2110.519 3.629 99.8 2113.2 3.491 99.9 2115.928 3.622 100 2118.657 3.822 100.1 2121.385 3.504 100.2 2124.114 3.724 100.3 2126.843 3.853 100.4 2129.571 3.67 100.5 2132.3 3.397 100.6 2134.125 3.446 100.7 2135.95 3.528 100.8 2137.775 3.492 100.9 2139.600 3.528 101 2145.7 3.854 101.1 2151.8 3.836 101.2 2157.899 3.959 101.3 2160.640 4.38 101.4 2163.380 4.155 101.5 2166.120 4.388 101.6 2168.860 4.232 101.7 2171.600 4.249 101.8 2172.79 4.18 101.9 2173.980 4.158 102 2175.170 4.263 102.1 2176.360 4.03 102.2 2177.55 3.918 102.3 2178.74 3.735 102.4 2179.930 3.908 102.5 2181.120 3.627 102.6 2182.310 3.548 102.7 2183.5 3.337 102.8 2184.875 3.658 102.9 2186.25 3.501 103 2187.625 3.692 103.1 2189 3.577 103.2 2191.128 3.757 103.3 2193.257 3.99 103.4 2195.385 4.001 103.5 2197.514 3.993 103.6 2199.642 3.727 103.7 2201.771 3.89 103.9 2204.777 3.599 104 2205.655 3.487 104.1 2206.533 3.57 104.2 2207.411 3.589 104.3 2208.288 3.6 104.4 2209.166 3.334 104.5 2210.044 3.347 104.6 2210.922 3.471 104.7 2211.8 3.307 104.8 2218.256 3.533 104.9 2224.712 3.463 105.0 2236.332 4.099 105.1 2242.788 3.966 105.2 2249.244 3.769 105.3 2255.7 3.676 105.4 2256.262 3.765 105.6 2257.387 3.436 105.7 2257.95 3.306 105.8 2258.512 3.398 106.4 2261.887 4.078 106.5 2262.45 4.115 106.6 2263.012 4.228 106.7 2263.575 4.021 106.8 2264.137 3.961 106.9 2264.7 3.825 107.0 2273.8 3.558 107.1 2282.899 3.545 107.2 2292 3.497 107.3 2295.299 3.442 107.4 2298.600 3.37 107.5 2301.900 3.386 107.6 2305.2 3.526 107.7 2307.76 3.714 107.8 2310.319 3.737 107.9 2312.880 3.878 108.0 2315.439 3.817 108.1 2318 3.786 108.2 2320.48 3.803 108.3 2322.96 3.591 108.4 2325.944 3.96 108.5 2329.433 3.917 108.6 2332.922 3.656 108.8 2339.899 3.313 108.9 2341.125 3.15 109.0 2341.860 3.151 109.1 2343.575 3.165 109.2 2344.8 3.312 109.3 2349.119 3.43 109.4 2353.438 3.933 109.5 2357.757 3.941 109.7 2362.940 3.967 109.7 2365.519 3.583 109.8 2366.917 3.745 109.9 2368.314 3.694 110.0 2369.712 3.698 110.1 2371.109 3.74 110.3 2373.904 3.477 110.4 2375.302 3.309 110.5 2376.7 2.994 110.6 2381.233 3.298 110.7 2385.766 2.727 110.8 2390.3 2.996 110.9 2405.717 3.194 111.0 2410.105 3.664 111.1 2411.084 4.066 111.2 2416.294 3.914 111.2 2419.810 3.271 111.3 2425.084 3.866 111.3 2428.600 3.536 111.4 2429.356 3.762 111.5 2430.616 3.901 111.6 2431.876 3.871 111.7 2433.136 3.824 111.8 2434.899 3.224 111.9 2435.536 3.511 111.9 2435.960 3.43 112.0 2436.596 3.426 112.1 2438.081 3.741 112.2 2438.718 3.533 112.2 2439.142 3.912 112.3 2439.778 3.231 112.3 2440.202 4.058 112.4 2441.263 4.005 112.5 2441.899 4.331 112.5 2442.994 4.213 112.6 2444.635 3.839 112.7 2446.276 3.949 112.7 2448.464 3.985 112.8 2450.105 3.741 112.9 2454.221 4.033 113.0 2456.034 3.58 113.0 2457.243 3.824 113.1 2459.056 3.512 113.1 2460.265 3.616 113.2 2462.078 3.534 113.2 2463.287 3.79 113.3 2465.100 3.368 113.4 2468.129 3.308 113.4 2469.341 3.567 113.5 2471.158 3.522 113.5 2472.370 3.225 113.6 2474.188 3.688 113.6 2475.399 3.171 113.8 2477.203 4.33 113.9 2478.330 4.297 113.9 2478.555 3.793 114.0 2479.457 4.326 114.0 2479.682 3.594 114.1 2480.584 3.36 114.2 2481.711 3.735 114.3 2482.838 4.063 114.4 2483.965 4.147 114.5 2485.092 3.805 114.6 2486.219 4.212 114.7 2487.345 4.31 114.8 2488.473 4.222 114.9 2489.600 3.078 115.0 2491.439 3.456 115.2 2495.119 3.498 115.3 2496.96 3.507 115.4 2498.8 2.964 115.6 2502.48 3.39 115.7 2504.319 3.616 115.8 2506.159 3.686 115.9 2508 3.127 116.0 2514.2 3.767 116.1 2520.399 4.222 116.2 2521.549 4.175 116.3 2522.7 4.183 116.4 2523.850 4.2 116.5 2525 4.173 116.6 2526.150 4.178 116.7 2527.3 4.227 116.8 2527.944 4.077 116.9 2528.588 3.953 117.0 2529.233 4.087 117.1 2529.877 4.073 117.2 2530.522 4.025 117.3 2531.166 3.865 117.4 2531.811 3.655 117.5 2532.455 3.849 117.6 2533.100 3.535 117.8 2534.388 3.719 118.0 2535.677 3.184 118.1 2538.640 3.174 118.2 2543.920 3.03 118.3 2549.2 3.375 118.4 2550.836 3.529 118.5 2552.472 3.591 118.6 2554.109 3.458 118.7 2555.090 3.528 118.8 2556.727 3.547 118.9 2558.363 3.51 119 2560 3.152 119.3 2566.400 2.737 119.4 2569.900 3.238 119.5 2573.374 3.306 119.6 2576.842 3.25 119.8 2583.778 3.268 119.9 2587.180 2.765 120 2589.990 3.208 120.1 2592.8 3.572 120.2 2595.149 3.787 120.3 2597.5 3.813 120.4 2599.125 3.814 120.5 2600.75 4.025 120.6 2602.375 3.872 120.7 2604 3.831 120.8 2605.625 3.755 120.9 2607.25 3.63 121 2608.875 3.304 121.1 2610.5 3.4 121.2 2612.666 3.221 121.3 2614.833 3.309 121.4 2617 3.178 121.5 2623 3.138 121.6 2629 3.195 121.7 2635 3.276 121.8 2635.8 3.419 121.9 2636.600 3.498 122 2637.399 3.462 122.1 2638.2 3.556 122.2 2639 3.631 122.3 2640.860 3.717 122.4 2642.720 3.803 122.5 2644.580 3.778 122.6 2646.440 3.794 122.7 2648.3 3.42 122.8 2651.046 3.385 122.9 2653.792 3.247 123 2656.538 3.372 123.1 2659.284 2.992 123.2 2662.030 3.067 123.4 2667.523 3.261 123.5 2670.269 3.073 123.6 2673.015 3.195 123.7 2675.761 3.251 124 2684 3.407 124.1 2685.714 3.851 124.2 2687.428 3.778 124.3 2689.142 3.833 124.4 2690.857 3.772 124.5 2692.571 3.71 124.6 2694.285 3.71 124.7 2696 3.506 124.8 2698.260 3.572 124.9 2700.52 3.596 125 2702.78 3.515 125.1 2705.04 3.655 125.2 2707.3 3.509 125.3 2710.100 3.833 125.4 2712.900 3.774 125.4 2714.579 3.839 125.5 2715.7 3.901 125.5 2716.299 3.714 125.6 2716.7 3.902 125.6 2717.3 3.714 125.7 2717.7 3.872 125.7 2718.3 3.635 125.8 2718.7 3.863 125.8 2719.3 3.576 125.9 2719.7 3.823 125.9 2720.3 3.593 126 2720.7 3.895 126.0 2724.749 3.399 126.1 2727.45 3.69 126.1 2731.500 3.295 126.2 2734.199 3.652 126.2 2738.25 3.249 126.3 2740.950 3.497 126.3 2745 3.168 126.4 2754.899 3.161 126.5 2759.866 3.22 126.6 2764.833 3.21 126.7 2769.8 3.116 126.8 2771.399 3.23 126.9 2773 3.197 127.0 2774.600 3.281 127.1 2776.200 3.217 127.2 2777.8 3.492 127.3 2779.399 3.435 127.4 2781 3.354 127.5 2785.999 3.187 127.6 2791.000 3.24 127.7 2796 3.231 127.8 2798 3.07 127.9 2800 3.152 128.0 2802 3.159 128.1 2804 3.205 128.2 2805.999 3.06 128.3 2808 3.211 129.0 2813.600 3.279 129.1 2814.409 3.726 129.2 2815.227 3.681 129.3 2816.045 3.622 129.4 2816.863 3.519 129.5 2817.681 3.594 129.6 2818.5 3.45 129.7 2819.318 3.191 129.8 2820.136 3.372 129.9 2820.954 3.12 130.0 2821.772 3.215 130.2 2824.888 2.839 130.3 2828.666 3.189 130.4 2832.444 3.224 130.5 2836.221 3.391 130.6 2840 3.422 130.7 2842.839 3.514 130.8 2845.679 3.484 130.9 2848.52 3.524 131.0 2851.359 3.427 131.1 2854.2 2.927 131.2 2860.099 2.991 131.3 2865.999 2.989 131.4 2871.899 3.002 131.5 2878.670 3.275 131.6 2885.443 3.311 131.7 2892.214 3.288 131.8 2900.25 3.013 131.9 2912.067 3.449 132.0 2920.770 3.409 132.1 2925.722 3.563 132.2 2930.672 3.533 132.3 2935.624 3.295 132.4 2939.628 3.308 132.5 2942.685 3.248 132.6 2945.742 3.115 132.7 2948.799 3.134 132.8 2951.856 3.23 132.9 2954.914 3.296 133.0 2957.971 3.309 133.1 2961.028 3.385 133.2 2964.085 3.318 133.3 2967.142 3.492 133.4 2970.2 3.538 133.5 2977.333 3.52 133.6 2983.216 3.458 133.7 2987.849 3.455 133.8 2992.483 3.337 133.9 3000.800 3.524 134.0 3012.799 3.499 134.1 3024.8 3.455 134.2 3026.866 3.454 134.3 3029.183 3.351 134.4 3031.750 3.213 134.5 3034.316 3.166 134.6 3036.769 3.238 134.7 3039.108 3.206 134.8 3041.448 3.199 134.9 3043.787 3.37 135.0 3046.126 3.302 135.1 3048.465 3.318 135.2 3050.804 3.292 135.3 3053.143 3.228 135.5 3057.821 3.115 135.6 3060.161 3.161 135.7 3062.5 2.694 135.8 3070.399 3.1 135.9 3078.3 2.975 136.0 3079.906 3.04 136.1 3081.513 3.068 136.2 3083.119 3.224 136.3 3084.726 3.124 136.4 3086.333 3.19 136.5 3087.939 3.137 136.6 3089.546 3.276 136.7 3091.153 3.185 136.8 3092.759 3.279 136.9 3094.366 3.24 137.0 3095.973 3.329 137.1 3097.579 3.204 137.2 3099.186 2.844 137.3 3100.793 3.249 137.4 3102.399 3.205 137.5 3112.932 3.336 137.6 3123.467 3.313 137.7 3134 3.267 137.8 3135.405 3.329 137.9 3136.811 3.42 138.1 3139.060 3.279 138.2 3140.466 3.522 138.3 3141.871 3.516 138.4 3143.277 3.263 138.5 3144.682 3.122 138.8 3148.899 2.915 138.9 3153.599 2.642 139.0 3158.300 2.917 139.1 3163 2.947 139.2 3169.220 3.154 139.3 3175.440 3.181 139.4 3181.660 3.173 139.5 3187.880 3.08 139.6 3194.100 2.906 139.7 3202.950 3.183 139.8 3211.8 3.173 139.9 3213.611 3.201 140.0 3215.422 3.215 140.1 3217.233 3.056 140.2 3219.044 3.063 140.3 3220.855 3.106 140.4 3222.666 3.222 140.5 3224.477 3.194 140.6 3226.288 3.114 140.7 3228.100 2.963 140.8 3234.700 3.137 140.9 3241.299 3.112 141.0 3247.899 2.458 141.1 3250.005 3.063 141.2 3252.111 3.048 141.3 3254.217 3.036 141.4 3256.323 3.104 141.6 3260.535 3.228 141.7 3262.641 3.07 141.8 3264.747 3.104 142.0 3273.927 3.167 142.3 3290.182 3.14 142.4 3295.600 3.769 142.5 3299.333 2.849 142.7 3306.8 3.528 142.8 3310.533 3.371 143.0 3318 3.196 143.1 3319.666 3.165 143.3 3323 3.172 143.6 3330.368 3.58 143.7 3332.671 3.535 143.9 3337.277 3.806 144.0 3339.579 3.638 144.1 3341.882 3.727 144.2 3344.185 3.61 144.3 3346.488 3.598 144.4 3348.791 3.428 144.5 3351.094 3.605 144.6 3353.397 3.508 144.7 3355.7 3.42 144.9 3363.26 2.937 145.0 3367.039 3.066 145.2 3374.600 3.075 145.4 3377.557 3.206 145.5 3379.036 3.193 145.6 3380.515 3.37 145.7 3381.994 3.15 145.8 3383.473 3.183 145.9 3384.952 2.884 146.0 3386.430 3.265 146.1 3387.909 3.332 146.2 3389.388 3.059 146.4 3392.642 3.107 146.5 3394.121 3.049 146.6 3395.600 2.952 146.7 3402.732 3.04 146.8 3409.866 2.928 146.9 3417 2.888 147.0 3418.877 3.093 147.1 3420.755 3.353 147.2 3422.633 3.135 147.3 3424.511 3.317 147.4 3426.388 3.36 147.5 3428.266 3.382 147.6 3430.144 3.246 147.7 3432.022 3.174 147.8 3433.899 3 147.9 3443.450 3.067 148.0 3453 2.829 148.1 3457.345 3.045 148.2 3461.690 3.167 148.3 3466.036 2.992 148.4 3470.382 3.126 148.5 3474.727 2.895 148.6 3480.975 2.893 148.7 3489.124 2.779 148.8 3494.2 3.037 148.9 3496.200 2.951 149.0 3498.2 3.104 149.1 3500.200 3.07 149.2 3502.600 2.916 149.4 3506.600 2.913 149.5 3508.600 2.893 149.6 3510.599 2.933 149.7 3512.600 2.949 149.8 3518.850 3.012 149.9 3525.100 2.867 150.0 3531.350 2.793 150.1 3537.600 2.934 150.2 3541.650 3.294 150.3 3545.700 3.195 150.4 3549.75 3.09 150.5 3553.800 3.136 150.6 3557.849 2.942 150.7 3561.899 2.888 150.9 3569.099 2.887 151.0 3572.7 2.771 151.1 3576.299 2.895 151.2 3579.899 2.978 151.3 3582.687 2.989 151.4 3585.474 2.979 151.5 3588.262 3.027 151.6 3591.049 2.856 151.7 3593.837 3.113 151.8 3596.625 2.971 151.9 3599.412 2.864 152.0 3602.2 2.867 152.1 3604.959 2.764 152.2 3607.72 2.548 152.3 3610.48 2.638 152.4 3613.239 2.733 152.5 3616 2.796 152.6 3619.249 2.908 152.7 3622.499 3.147 152.8 3625.75 3.013 152.9 3628.999 2.812 153.0 3632.25 3.24 153.1 3635.499 2.985 153.2 3638.749 2.818 153.3 3642 2.851 153.4 3644.699 2.803 153.5 3647.399 2.824 153.6 3650.099 2.589 153.7 3652.799 2.815 153.9 3659.949 2.904 154.0 3664.399 3.129 154.1 3668.849 3.139 154.2 3673.3 3.007 154.3 3677.750 3.005 154.4 3682.2 2.77 154.5 3686.333 2.842 154.6 3690.466 2.826 154.7 3694.600 2.896 154.8 3697.762 3.049 154.9 3700.925 2.943 155.0 3704.087 3.19 155.1 3707.249 3.038 155.2 3710.412 3.272 155.3 3713.575 3.276 155.4 3716.737 3.241 155.5 3719.899 3.046 155.6 3722.913 2.956 155.7 3725.928 2.852 155.8 3728.942 2.981 155.9 3731.957 2.994 156.0 3734.971 3.106 156.1 3737.985 2.715 156.2 3741 3.122 156.3 3745.483 3.254 156.4 3749.966 3.225 156.5 3754.45 3.124 156.6 3758.932 3.546 156.7 3763.416 2.827 156.8 3767.899 2.615 156.9 3774.599 2.864 157.0 3781.299 3.044 157.1 3787.999 3.443 157.2 3794.7 2.783 157.4 3796.012 2.952 157.5 3796.95 3.038 157.6 3797.887 3.036 157.7 3798.825 3.257 157.8 3799.762 3.337 157.9 3800.7 3.083 158.0 3801.637 2.88 158.1 3802.575 2.865 158.2 3803.512 2.852 158.4 3805.387 3.478 158.5 3806.325 2.948 158.6 3807.262 2.812 158.7 3808.2 2.688 158.8 3809.137 2.91 158.9 3810.075 3.007 159.0 3811.012 3.267 159.1 3811.95 3.173 159.2 3812.887 2.9 159.3 3813.825 3.049 159.4 3814.762 2.861 159.5 3815.7 2.931 159.6 3816.637 2.912 159.8 3818.512 2.598 159.9 3819.45 2.8 160.0 3820.387 2.768 160.1 3821.325 3.051 160.2 3822.262 2.971 160.3 3823.2 2.787 160.4 3824.137 2.738 160.5 3825.075 2.944 160.6 3826.012 2.7 160.7 3826.95 2.807 160.8 3827.887 2.891 160.9 3828.825 2.803 161.1 3830.7 3.058 161.2 3831.637 2.999 161.3 3832.575 3.288 161.4 3833.512 3.179 161.5 3834.45 3.04 161.6 3835.387 2.955 161.7 3836.325 2.63 161.8 3837.262 2.769 161.9 3838.2 2.663 162.0 3844.500 2.692 162.1 3850.8 2.856 162.3 3858.943 2.694 162.4 3863.014 3.014 162.5 3867.085 2.884 162.6 3871.156 3.193 162.7 3875.228 3.215 162.9 3891.599 2.846 163.0 3903.899 2.78 163.1 3907.228 3.023 163.2 3910.556 2.816 163.3 3913.885 2.892 163.4 3917.214 2.838 163.5 3920.543 2.925 163.6 3923.871 2.993 163.7 3927.2 2.835 163.8 3932.750 2.715 163.9 3938.3 2.886 164.0 3943.437 3.012 164.1 3948.574 3.047 164.2 3953.711 3.064 164.3 3958.848 3.046 164.5 3968.094 2.774 164.6 3973.232 2.899 164.7 3977.461 3.014 164.8 3980.784 3.095 164.9 3984.107 2.89 165 3987.430 2.911 165.1 3990.753 2.372 165.2 3994.076 3.579 165.3 3997.399 3.579 165.5 4004.48 2.948