Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 849 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 849 LAST UPDATE: 2/2007 (Original Receipt by WDCA Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Mudelsee, M. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-022 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: : Mudelsee and Raymo, 2007 Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 849 IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2007-022. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA): Mix, A. C., N. G. Pisias, W. Rugh, J. Wilson, A. Morey, and T. K. Hagelberg (1995), Benthic foraminifer stable isotope record from Site 849 (0-5 Ma): Local and global climate changes, in Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, vol. 138, edited by N. G. Pisias, L. A. Mayer, T. R. Janecek, A. Palmer-Julson, and T. H. van Andel, pp. 371-412, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Tex. ORIGINAL REFERENCE (TIMESCALE): Shackleton, N. J., S. Crowhurst, T. Hagelberg, N. G. Pisias, and D. A. Schneider (1995b), A new late Neogene time scale: application to Leg 138 sites, in Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, vol. 138, edited by N. G. Pisias, L. A. Mayer, T. R. Janecek, A. Palmer-Julson, and T. H. van Andel, pp. 73-101, Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, Tex. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Pacific Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 2 Myr to 4 Myr before the present DESCRIPTION: Oxygen isotope record, adjusted to seawater d18O level. See ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA) and Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Slow dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153). CORE NAME: ODP 849 LOCATION LATITUDE: 0 deg 11' S LOCATION LONGITUDE: 110 deg 31' W WATER DEPTH: 3851 m FORAMINIFERA: mainly C. wuellerstorfi, Uvigerina spp. HABITAT: benthic ADJUSTMENT: original d18O + 0.64 per mil (C. wuellerstorfi) NUMBER OF DATA POINTS: 506 ABSTRACT: Unraveling the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) in the Pliocene is a key step toward a quantitative theory of the climate transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world. Extracting the ice-volume signal from marine oxygen isotope (d18O) records corrupted with 'temperature noise' can be accomplished using statistical time series analysis. We use 45 d18O records from benthic and planktonic foraminifera and globally distributed sites to reconstruct the dynamics of NHG initiation. We compare d18O amplitudes with those of temperature proxy records and estimate a global ice-volume related increase of 0.4 per mil, equivalent to an overall sea-level lowering of 43 meters. We find the NHG started significantly earlier than previously assumed, as early as 3.6 Myr, and ended at 2.4 Myr. This long-term increase points to slow, tectonic forcing such as closing of ocean gateways or mountain building, as the root cause of the NHG. (Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153).) FUNDING SOURCE: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn, Germany (MU 1595/2). CONTACT: Dr. Manfred Mudelsee Climate Risk Analysis Wasserweg 2 06114 Halle (S) Germany Telephone: +49 (0)345 5323860 Email: mudelsee@climate-risk-analysis.com URL: http://www.climate-risk-analysis.com DATA: Core Depth Age d18O (m) (kyr) (per mil) 57.49 1998.040 3.570 57.59 2000.640 3.780 57.70 2003.700 3.750 57.82 2007.080 3.540 57.92 2009.980 3.500 58.03 2013.200 3.380 58.22 2018.870 3.400 58.30 2021.150 3.380 58.31 2021.435 3.340 58.39 2023.715 3.400 58.48 2026.160 3.600 58.57 2028.590 3.920 58.67 2031.185 3.990 58.77 2033.735 3.990 58.88 2036.460 3.940 59.00 2039.400 3.890 59.12 2042.280 3.860 59.23 2044.950 3.860 59.34 2047.700 3.770 59.44 2050.300 3.840 59.53 2052.775 3.740 59.62 2055.310 3.840 59.71 2058.055 3.960 59.81 2061.140 3.780 59.84 2062.160 4.230 59.91 2064.540 4.180 59.95 2065.900 4.170 60.02 2068.330 4.340 60.06 2069.790 4.220 60.17 2073.805 4.290 60.30 2078.750 4.200 60.42 2083.350 4.110 60.52 2087.100 4.090 60.61 2090.480 4.080 60.70 2093.900 3.820 60.79 2097.320 3.670 60.90 2101.650 3.250 61.00 2105.600 3.500 61.09 2109.110 3.650 61.10 2109.500 3.380 61.19 2113.010 3.880 61.27 2115.885 3.710 61.36 2119.080 3.595 61.47 2122.705 3.590 61.61 2127.145 3.605 61.77 2132.665 3.430 62.00 2142.800 3.460 62.07 2146.300 3.990 62.12 2148.800 3.970 62.17 2151.300 4.130 62.23 2154.390 3.840 62.31 2158.630 3.910 62.42 2164.420 3.740 62.57 2172.070 3.430 62.73 2179.580 3.470 62.86 2185.440 3.340 62.95 2189.400 3.550 63.02 2192.510 3.660 63.08 2195.240 3.750 63.16 2198.880 3.650 63.24 2202.620 3.560 63.34 2207.420 3.490 63.35 2207.900 3.620 63.49 2214.845 3.480 63.67 2223.725 3.650 63.78 2228.950 3.450 63.85 2232.000 3.300 63.91 2234.520 3.530 63.96 2236.620 3.550 64.00 2238.300 3.500 64.07 2240.995 3.715 64.19 2245.615 3.860 64.40 2253.700 3.790 64.58 2260.270 3.280 64.69 2264.105 3.360 64.87 2270.350 3.010 65.09 2278.005 3.480 65.19 2281.455 3.970 65.27 2284.425 3.780 65.34 2287.050 3.780 65.39 2288.925 3.830 65.45 2291.425 3.530 65.52 2294.400 3.470 65.62 2298.760 3.500 65.73 2304.040 3.660 65.85 2309.750 3.720 65.96 2314.920 3.703 66.04 2318.560 3.850 66.13 2322.520 3.590 66.22 2326.540 3.520 66.33 2331.710 3.700 66.45 2337.900 3.400 66.56 2344.280 3.350 66.65 2349.850 3.335 66.74 2355.700 3.470 66.81 2360.220 3.685 66.91 2366.420 3.750 67.02 2373.020 3.950 67.14 2379.140 4.110 67.15 2379.650 3.800 67.25 2384.250 3.460 67.34 2387.940 3.590 67.41 2390.765 3.410 67.48 2393.320 3.410 67.56 2396.240 3.460 67.67 2400.115 3.570 67.82 2405.280 3.630 67.96 2410.040 3.390 68.06 2413.410 3.680 68.15 2416.425 3.680 68.20 2418.100 3.460 68.26 2420.080 3.630 68.32 2422.060 3.470 68.38 2424.040 3.370 68.45 2426.250 3.610 68.54 2429.040 3.750 68.66 2432.670 3.600 68.80 2436.800 4.100 68.94 2440.720 3.790 69.06 2443.840 4.070 69.16 2446.240 4.020 69.24 2448.140 4.030 69.31 2449.785 4.020 69.38 2451.430 4.000 69.47 2453.440 3.580 69.59 2456.080 3.440 69.70 2459.000 3.450 69.74 2460.080 3.360 69.88 2464.100 3.450 69.90 2464.700 3.340 70.11 2471.330 3.420 70.21 2474.690 3.720 70.31 2478.590 3.960 70.41 2482.600 3.890 70.68 2496.580 3.500 70.76 2501.060 3.240 70.84 2505.420 3.490 70.91 2509.130 3.900 71.00 2513.900 3.760 71.08 2517.060 3.540 71.17 2520.615 4.220 71.24 2522.900 3.840 71.33 2525.375 4.170 71.44 2528.320 3.750 71.45 2528.575 3.840 71.64 2533.840 3.890 71.80 2539.600 3.740 71.91 2545.155 3.450 72.01 2550.270 3.260 72.12 2556.540 3.240 72.23 2562.555 3.220 72.31 2566.435 3.430 72.45 2572.650 3.020 72.52 2575.240 3.700 72.67 2580.475 3.620 72.74 2582.750 3.510 72.83 2585.765 3.390 73.16 2598.360 3.490 73.23 2601.350 3.820 73.28 2603.600 3.970 73.34 2606.300 4.030 73.41 2609.435 3.740 73.53 2614.655 3.580 73.68 2620.940 3.580 73.80 2625.800 3.500 73.91 2629.980 3.520 74.02 2634.080 3.320 74.13 2637.820 3.540 74.24 2641.640 3.620 74.35 2645.600 3.770 74.48 2651.480 3.655 74.59 2657.090 3.630 74.67 2662.115 3.170 74.74 2666.630 3.320 74.81 2671.075 3.290 74.88 2675.100 3.180 74.97 2680.275 3.220 75.07 2684.765 3.370 75.15 2687.925 3.480 75.23 2690.785 3.460 75.30 2692.850 3.320 75.38 2695.210 3.790 75.49 2698.365 3.520 75.63 2702.400 3.680 75.77 2706.600 3.580 75.90 2710.750 3.580 76.02 2714.700 3.690 76.12 2718.200 3.690 76.21 2721.390 3.750 76.39 2728.410 3.700 76.49 2732.580 3.820 76.59 2736.780 3.730 76.70 2740.950 3.770 76.81 2744.995 3.230 76.91 2747.945 3.070 77.01 2750.870 3.160 77.11 2753.570 3.460 77.21 2756.260 3.220 77.31 2758.860 3.210 77.41 2761.460 3.240 77.51 2764.060 3.410 77.61 2766.685 2.970 77.81 2772.490 3.190 77.91 2776.390 3.130 78.01 2780.420 3.110 78.11 2785.620 3.190 78.21 2790.870 3.280 78.31 2796.570 3.320 78.41 2802.235 3.500 78.51 2807.585 3.210 78.61 2812.880 3.880 78.71 2817.680 3.730 78.81 2822.425 3.810 79.01 2830.895 3.480 79.12 2835.240 3.220 79.23 2839.555 3.180 79.33 2843.405 3.420 79.42 2846.880 3.330 79.52 2850.780 3.280 79.62 2854.690 3.640 79.71 2858.245 3.590 79.78 2861.010 3.790 79.79 2861.405 3.380 79.86 2864.200 3.370 79.96 2868.200 3.480 80.06 2872.290 3.310 80.09 2873.535 3.490 80.16 2876.440 3.290 80.25 2880.300 3.220 80.35 2884.700 3.300 80.46 2889.570 3.540 80.56 2894.020 3.670 80.75 2902.100 3.490 80.85 2906.150 3.410 80.95 2910.050 3.280 81.05 2913.800 3.220 81.16 2917.760 3.540 81.26 2921.150 3.450 81.36 2924.400 3.520 81.46 2927.500 3.510 81.55 2930.200 3.570 81.65 2933.550 3.630 81.76 2937.620 3.660 81.86 2941.920 3.260 81.89 2943.330 3.310 81.99 2948.030 3.190 82.08 2952.100 3.060 82.16 2955.700 3.060 82.24 2959.080 3.310 82.34 2963.030 3.290 82.45 2967.350 3.420 82.60 2973.200 3.560 82.75 2979.125 3.630 82.89 2984.790 3.630 83.00 2989.300 3.490 83.12 2994.400 3.260 83.23 2999.090 3.320 83.34 3003.820 3.410 83.44 3008.020 3.430 83.53 3011.665 3.455 83.62 3015.160 3.300 83.72 3018.460 3.480 83.82 3021.640 3.420 83.93 3024.610 3.520 84.04 3027.660 3.480 84.14 3030.560 3.320 84.26 3034.340 3.150 84.46 3041.350 3.090 84.57 3045.475 3.200 84.67 3049.330 3.310 84.76 3052.840 3.510 84.86 3056.740 3.370 84.96 3060.640 3.140 85.06 3064.570 2.910 85.16 3068.520 3.170 85.26 3072.470 3.160 85.36 3076.420 3.200 85.46 3080.430 3.080 85.56 3084.480 3.060 85.66 3088.590 2.990 85.76 3092.740 3.130 85.86 3096.920 3.210 85.96 3101.120 3.290 86.06 3105.350 3.150 86.16 3109.600 3.070 86.26 3113.820 3.130 86.36 3118.020 3.020 86.46 3122.190 3.220 86.56 3126.340 3.250 86.66 3130.310 3.290 86.76 3134.160 3.390 86.86 3137.740 3.380 86.96 3141.140 3.510 87.06 3144.480 3.460 87.16 3147.780 3.550 87.26 3151.110 3.440 87.36 3154.460 3.200 87.46 3157.990 2.740 87.57 3162.005 2.870 87.67 3165.725 2.980 87.76 3169.100 2.890 87.86 3172.730 2.950 87.96 3176.280 3.170 88.06 3179.620 3.210 88.16 3182.820 3.200 88.26 3185.930 3.310 88.36 3188.980 3.140 88.46 3192.030 3.160 88.57 3195.385 3.070 88.69 3199.090 3.130 88.83 3203.445 3.170 88.97 3207.855 3.110 89.09 3211.680 3.130 89.20 3215.200 3.120 89.29 3218.035 3.150 89.37 3220.555 3.200 89.46 3223.420 3.230 89.55 3226.300 3.210 89.65 3229.475 3.270 89.76 3232.940 3.290 89.87 3236.440 3.240 89.91 3237.720 3.230 89.98 3239.960 2.980 90.02 3241.240 3.210 90.08 3243.160 3.230 90.12 3244.440 3.160 90.17 3246.040 3.090 90.22 3247.670 3.130 90.32 3251.020 2.990 90.42 3254.410 2.970 90.53 3258.315 2.920 90.64 3262.240 3.080 90.77 3266.920 3.190 90.90 3271.600 3.030 91.01 3275.550 3.220 91.12 3279.400 3.210 91.22 3282.850 3.230 91.31 3285.775 3.380 91.40 3288.700 3.215 91.48 3291.300 3.440 91.57 3294.225 3.680 91.66 3297.420 3.730 91.76 3301.120 3.620 91.85 3304.750 3.660 91.96 3309.480 3.360 92.07 3314.210 3.430 92.17 3318.510 3.410 92.27 3322.635 3.460 92.36 3326.280 3.220 92.46 3330.210 3.060 92.55 3333.675 3.115 92.66 3337.820 3.300 92.76 3341.520 3.190 92.86 3344.980 3.120 92.94 3347.620 3.460 92.97 3348.610 3.250 93.10 3352.600 3.410 93.25 3357.250 3.270 93.37 3361.210 3.260 93.48 3365.520 3.380 93.58 3369.670 3.335 93.67 3373.860 3.300 93.77 3378.660 3.150 93.87 3383.110 3.480 93.97 3387.410 3.400 94.08 3391.100 3.400 94.19 3394.400 3.510 94.31 3397.340 3.270 94.43 3400.415 3.150 94.55 3404.075 2.970 94.66 3407.940 3.000 94.76 3411.840 3.190 94.85 3415.575 3.250 94.95 3419.925 3.120 95.11 3427.050 3.080 95.20 3431.100 2.990 95.28 3434.740 3.260 95.37 3438.835 3.150 95.47 3443.280 2.960 95.58 3448.120 2.860 95.92 3461.840 2.840 96.04 3466.020 3.000 96.14 3469.070 3.160 96.24 3472.020 3.120 96.33 3474.540 3.230 96.41 3476.770 3.180 96.49 3478.930 3.100 96.57 3481.090 2.920 96.64 3483.000 2.940 96.72 3485.200 2.850 96.88 3489.760 2.940 96.97 3492.415 2.940 97.08 3496.100 3.050 97.20 3500.300 3.040 97.34 3506.110 3.070 97.47 3511.680 3.140 97.60 3517.400 3.070 97.73 3523.185 3.130 97.85 3528.475 3.055 97.96 3533.260 3.120 98.05 3537.150 3.080 98.13 3540.590 3.050 98.21 3544.015 2.980 98.37 3550.655 3.030 98.46 3554.300 3.150 98.55 3557.900 3.140 98.66 3561.940 3.170 98.77 3565.680 3.200 98.90 3569.400 3.140 99.02 3572.570 3.170 99.03 3572.805 3.070 99.15 3575.625 3.260 99.16 3575.860 2.970 99.28 3578.560 2.920 99.40 3581.200 2.960 99.50 3583.550 2.880 99.60 3585.900 2.740 99.69 3588.420 3.020 99.77 3590.660 3.290 99.85 3593.425 3.290 99.93 3596.505 3.420 100.00 3599.200 3.230 100.08 3602.960 3.200 100.16 3606.720 3.240 100.25 3610.925 3.210 100.34 3615.110 3.160 100.43 3619.130 3.210 100.53 3623.230 3.290 100.63 3627.255 3.460 100.74 3631.490 3.470 100.84 3635.340 3.620 100.95 3639.575 3.670 101.05 3643.375 3.460 101.15 3647.125 3.300 101.24 3650.380 3.280 101.34 3653.830 3.220 101.44 3657.120 3.080 101.53 3659.865 3.120 101.63 3662.885 3.250 101.73 3665.835 3.260 101.83 3668.770 3.410 101.93 3671.670 3.700 102.03 3674.570 3.730 102.13 3677.470 3.510 102.23 3680.400 3.440 102.33 3683.400 3.360 102.44 3686.820 3.270 102.61 3692.460 2.890 102.71 3696.060 3.150 102.81 3699.665 3.000 103.01 3706.940 3.050 103.11 3710.340 3.020 103.21 3713.730 3.140 103.28 3716.040 3.100 103.35 3718.350 3.370 103.41 3720.400 3.430 103.52 3724.800 3.260 103.68 3732.520 2.730 103.82 3740.500 2.950 103.92 3746.500 2.980 103.93 3747.100 3.110 104.30 3763.700 3.340 104.57 3772.810 3.460 104.72 3777.340 3.130 104.83 3780.435 3.200 104.94 3783.130 2.970 105.08 3786.280 3.090 105.28 3790.440 2.920 105.51 3795.265 3.180 105.68 3799.520 3.080 105.82 3803.820 3.030 105.95 3809.150 3.050 106.09 3815.385 3.170 106.25 3822.450 3.170 106.40 3828.300 2.970 106.54 3832.780 3.320 106.67 3836.835 3.320 106.78 3840.190 3.170 106.89 3843.770 3.020 107.02 3848.140 2.790 107.19 3854.430 2.930 107.39 3862.400 2.990 107.59 3870.590 2.910 107.75 3877.450 3.170 107.89 3883.515 3.460 108.00 3888.300 3.120 108.11 3892.865 3.140 108.22 3897.390 3.080 108.35 3902.525 2.970 108.48 3907.540 3.050 108.63 3913.210 3.080 108.79 3919.130 2.990 108.97 3925.535 3.480 109.15 3932.000 3.240 109.32 3938.240 3.020 109.48 3944.320 2.970 109.62 3949.790 2.950 109.77 3955.715 3.140 109.91 3961.025 3.150 110.05 3966.200 3.130 110.19 3971.240 3.200 110.34 3976.570 3.130 110.50 3982.250 3.140 110.67 3988.285 3.190 110.85 3994.700 3.280 111.02 4000.820 3.320