Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 982 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 982 LAST UPDATE: 2/2007 (Original Receipt by WDCA Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Mudelsee, M. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-022 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Mudelsee and Raymo, 2007, Pliocene Oxygen Isotope Record, ODP 982 IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2007-022. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA): Lisiecki, L. E., and M. E. Raymo (2005), A Plio-Pleistocene stack of 57 globally distributed benthic d18O records, Paleoceanography, 20, PA1003, doi:10.1029/2004PA001071. Venz, K. A., and D. A. Hodell (2002), New evidence for changes in Plio- Pleistocene deep water circulation from Southern Ocean ODP Leg 177 Site 1090, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 182, 197-220. ORIGINAL REFERENCE (TIMESCALE): Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Slow dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153). GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 2 Myr to 4 Myr before the present DESCRIPTION: Oxygen isotope record, adjusted to seawater d18O level. See ORIGINAL REFERENCE(S) (OXYGEN ISOTOPE DATA) and Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Slow dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153). CORE NAME: ODP 982 LOCATION LATITUDE: 57 deg 31' N LOCATION LONGITUDE: 15 deg 53' W WATER DEPTH: 1145 m FORAMINIFERA: C. wuellerstorfi HABITAT: benthic ADJUSTMENT: original d18O + 0.64 per mil NUMBER OF DATA POINTS: 635 ABSTRACT: Unraveling the dynamics of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) in the Pliocene is a key step toward a quantitative theory of the climate transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse world. Extracting the ice-volume signal from marine oxygen isotope (d18O) records corrupted with 'temperature noise' can be accomplished using statistical time series analysis. We use 45 d18O records from benthic and planktonic foraminifera and globally distributed sites to reconstruct the dynamics of NHG initiation. We compare d18O amplitudes with those of temperature proxy records and estimate a global ice-volume related increase of 0.4 per mil, equivalent to an overall sea-level lowering of 43 meters. We find the NHG started significantly earlier than previously assumed, as early as 3.6 Myr, and ended at 2.4 Myr. This long-term increase points to slow, tectonic forcing such as closing of ocean gateways or mountain building, as the root cause of the NHG. (Mudelsee, M., and M.E. Raymo, 2005. Paleoceanography 20, 4, PA4022 (doi: 10.1029/2005PA001153).) FUNDING SOURCE: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Bonn, Germany (MU 1595/2). CONTACT: Dr. Manfred Mudelsee Climate Risk Analysis Wasserweg 2 06114 Halle (S) Germany Telephone: +49 (0)345 5323860 Email: mudelsee@climate-risk-analysis.com URL: http://www.climate-risk-analysis.com DATA: Core Depth Age d18O (m) (kyr) (per mil) 44.100 1994.0 3.44 44.150 2006.0 3.55 44.200 2018.0 3.05 44.250 2019.1 3.2 44.300 2020.2 3.25 44.350 2021.4 3.16 44.400 2022.5 3.14 44.450 2023.6 3.16 44.500 2024.7 3.2 44.550 2025.9 3.29 44.600 2027.0 3.06 44.650 2028.5 3.32 44.700 2030.0 3.36 44.750 2031.5 3.37 44.800 2033.0 3.44 44.850 2034.5 3.52 44.900 2036.0 3.5 44.950 2037.5 3.44 45.000 2039.0 3.37 45.050 2040.5 3.54 45.100 2042.0 3.49 45.150 2043.5 3.41 45.200 2045.0 3.44 45.250 2046.5 3.26 45.300 2048.0 3.49 45.350 2049.5 3.33 45.400 2051.0 3.41 45.450 2052.5 3.43 45.500 2054.0 2.77 45.550 2061.5 3.48 45.600 2069.0 3.55 45.650 2076.5 3.43 45.700 2084.0 3.87 45.750 2085.5 3.78 45.800 2087.1 3.83 45.850 2088.6 3.85 45.900 2090.2 3.78 45.950 2091.7 3.74 46.050 2094.8 3.86 46.100 2096.3 3.64 46.150 2097.8 3.74 46.200 2099.4 3.54 46.250 2100.9 3.54 46.300 2102.5 3.68 46.350 2104.0 3.52 46.400 2105.5 3.73 46.440 2106.8 3.39 46.500 2108.6 3.56 46.550 2110.2 3.44 46.600 2111.7 3.33 46.650 2113.2 3.27 46.700 2114.8 3.38 46.750 2116.3 3.37 46.800 2117.8 3.41 46.850 2119.4 3.39 46.900 2120.9 3.37 46.950 2122.5 3.32 47.000 2124.0 3.29 47.050 2125.5 3.49 47.100 2127.1 3.25 47.150 2128.6 3.42 47.200 2130.2 3.54 47.250 2131.7 3.32 47.300 2133.2 3.22 47.350 2134.8 3.22 47.400 2136.3 3.28 47.450 2137.8 3.15 47.500 2139.4 3.09 47.550 2140.9 3.08 47.600 2142.5 3.23 47.650 2144.0 3.08 47.700 2150.0 3.68 47.750 2156.0 3.89 47.800 2162.0 3.93 47.850 2167.3 3.73 47.900 2172.5 3.75 47.950 2177.7 3.69 48.000 2183.0 3.51 48.050 2188.2 3.46 48.100 2193.5 3.37 48.150 2198.7 3.55 48.200 2204.0 3.47 48.250 2207.2 3.21 48.300 2210.5 3.24 48.350 2213.7 3.21 48.400 2217.0 3.21 48.450 2220.2 3.29 48.500 2223.5 3.22 48.550 2226.7 3.37 48.600 2230.0 3.62 48.650 2233.2 3.26 48.700 2236.5 3.49 48.750 2239.7 3.47 48.800 2243.0 3.63 48.850 2246.0 3.52 48.900 2249.0 3.32 48.950 2252.0 3.33 49.000 2255.0 3.2 49.050 2258.0 3.12 49.100 2261.0 3.21 49.150 2264.0 3.21 49.200 2267.0 3.06 49.250 2270.0 3.3 49.300 2273.0 3.15 49.350 2276.0 3.28 49.400 2279.0 3.24 49.450 2282.0 3.66 49.500 2285.0 3.86 49.550 2288.0 3.25 49.600 2291.0 3.32 49.650 2294.0 3.08 49.700 2297.0 2.94 49.750 2300.0 2.7 49.800 2302.8 3.25 49.850 2305.5 3.16 49.900 2308.3 3.41 49.950 2311.1 3.37 50.000 2313.9 3.59 50.030 2315.5 3.75 50.080 2318.3 3.66 50.130 2321.1 3.39 50.180 2323.8 3.23 50.230 2326.6 3.24 50.280 2329.2 3.15 50.330 2331.7 3.09 50.380 2334.3 3.17 50.430 2336.9 3.12 50.480 2339.4 3.23 50.530 2342.0 3.35 50.580 2346.2 3.24 50.630 2350.4 3.3 50.680 2354.6 3.58 50.730 2358.8 3.69 50.780 2363.0 3.83 50.830 2367.2 3.61 50.880 2371.4 3.14 50.930 2375.6 3.32 50.980 2379.8 3.24 51.030 2384.0 3.09 51.080 2386.7 3.04 51.130 2389.4 3.11 51.180 2392.1 3.06 51.230 2394.8 2.96 51.280 2397.5 3 51.330 2400.2 2.98 51.380 2402.9 2.89 51.430 2405.6 3.33 51.480 2408.3 3.28 51.530 2411.0 3.27 51.580 2413.7 3.05 51.630 2416.4 3.02 51.680 2419.1 3.28 51.730 2421.8 3.02 51.780 2424.5 3.05 51.830 2427.2 3.04 51.880 2429.9 3.3 51.930 2432.6 3.33 51.980 2435.3 3.22 52.030 2438.0 3.16 52.130 2442.3 3.49 52.180 2444.4 3.73 52.230 2446.6 4.23 52.330 2450.9 4.06 52.380 2453.0 3.99 52.430 2455.0 4.07 52.530 2459.0 3.58 52.580 2461.0 3.65 52.630 2463.0 3.19 52.680 2465.0 3.14 52.780 2469.0 3.07 52.830 2471.0 3.07 52.880 2473.0 3.06 52.930 2475.0 3.21 52.980 2477.0 3.27 53.030 2479.0 3.37 53.080 2481.0 3.51 53.130 2483.0 3.52 53.180 2485.0 3.51 2487.0 3.55 53.280 2489.0 3.74 53.330 2491.0 3.55 53.380 2493.0 3.42 53.430 2495.0 3.34 53.480 2497.0 3.39 53.530 2499.0 3.29 53.580 2501.0 3.31 53.630 2503.0 3.25 53.680 2505.0 3.05 53.730 2507.0 2.98 53.780 2508.1 3.1 53.830 2509.1 3.2 53.880 2510.2 3.3 53.930 2511.2 3.25 53.980 2512.3 3.3 54.030 2513.4 3.31 54.080 2514.4 3.35 54.130 2515.5 3.43 54.180 2516.5 3.53 54.230 2517.6 3.51 54.280 2518.6 3.52 54.330 2519.7 3.44 54.380 2520.8 3.48 54.430 2521.8 3.47 54.480 2522.9 3.48 54.530 2523.9 4.24 54.580 2525.0 3.91 54.630 2526.3 3.89 54.680 2527.6 3.77 54.730 2528.9 3.94 54.780 2530.1 3.7 54.830 2531.4 3.76 54.880 2532.7 3.33 54.930 2534.0 3.5 55.030 2536.6 3.07 55.080 2537.9 3.12 55.130 2539.1 3.02 55.180 2540.4 2.99 55.230 2541.7 2.99 55.280 2543.0 2.93 55.330 2543.6 3.02 55.380 2544.2 2.95 55.430 2544.8 3.08 55.480 2545.4 3.02 55.530 2546.0 2.97 55.580 2546.6 2.99 55.630 2547.2 3.15 55.680 2547.8 3.19 55.730 2548.4 3.21 55.780 2549.0 3.21 55.830 2549.6 3.2 55.880 2550.2 3.21 55.930 2550.8 3.33 55.980 2551.4 3.34 56.030 2552.0 3.36 56.080 2553.4 3.3 56.130 2554.8 3.35 56.180 2556.3 3.39 56.230 2557.7 3.21 56.280 2559.1 3.34 56.330 2560.5 3.09 56.380 2561.9 3.14 56.430 2563.4 3.05 56.480 2564.8 3.11 56.530 2566.2 3.13 56.580 2567.6 3.08 56.630 2569.1 2.91 56.680 2570.5 2.94 56.730 2571.9 3.01 56.780 2573.3 2.98 56.830 2574.7 3.04 56.880 2576.2 3.01 56.930 2577.6 3 56.980 2579.0 2.85 57.030 2582.1 2.89 57.080 2585.2 2.96 57.130 2588.3 3.1 57.180 2591.4 3.16 57.230 2594.5 2.94 57.280 2597.6 3.06 57.330 2600.8 3.27 57.380 2603.9 3.5 57.430 2607.0 3.39 57.480 2610.1 3.34 57.500 2611.3 3.93 57.550 2614.4 3.17 57.600 2617.5 3.25 57.650 2620.7 3.17 57.700 2623.8 3.08 57.750 2626.9 3.15 57.800 2630.0 3.24 57.850 2633.1 3.02 57.900 2636.2 3.16 57.950 2639.3 3.33 58.000 2642.0 3.25 58.050 2644.7 3.43 58.100 2647.3 3.43 58.150 2650.0 3.63 58.200 2651.7 3.17 58.250 2653.4 3.09 58.300 2655.0 3.13 58.350 2656.7 3.06 58.400 2658.4 2.99 58.450 2660.1 3.01 58.500 2661.7 2.97 58.550 2663.4 2.87 58.600 2665.1 2.83 58.650 2666.7 3 58.750 2670.1 3.04 58.800 2671.8 3.04 58.850 2673.4 2.98 58.900 2675.1 2.75 58.950 2676.8 2.94 59.000 2678.4 2.96 59.050 2680.1 3.04 59.100 2681.8 2.82 59.150 2683.4 3.09 59.200 2685.1 3.14 59.250 2686.8 3.04 59.300 2688.4 3.02 59.350 2690.1 3.11 59.400 2691.8 3.09 59.450 2693.5 3.28 59.500 2695.1 3.36 59.550 2696.8 3.46 59.600 2698.5 3.49 59.650 2700.1 3.44 59.690 2701.5 3.42 59.700 2701.8 3.57 59.740 2702.8 3.4 59.790 2704.0 3.27 59.890 2707.0 3.29 59.940 2708.4 3.04 59.990 2709.9 2.93 60.040 2711.4 2.96 60.090 2712.9 2.95 60.140 2714.4 2.84 60.190 2715.9 2.75 60.240 2717.3 2.95 60.290 2718.8 2.78 60.340 2720.3 3 60.390 2721.8 3.06 60.440 2723.3 3.13 60.490 2724.8 3.13 60.540 2726.2 3.19 60.590 2727.7 3.06 60.640 2729.2 3.15 60.690 2730.7 2.99 60.740 2732.2 3.16 60.790 2733.7 2.97 60.840 2735.1 3.08 60.890 2736.6 3.04 60.940 2738.1 3.08 60.990 2739.6 3.33 61.040 2741.1 3.15 61.090 2742.6 3.46 61.140 2744.0 3.63 61.190 2745.5 3.08 61.240 2747.0 3.32 61.290 2748.5 2.85 61.340 2750.0 2.99 61.390 2751.4 2.99 61.440 2752.9 2.94 61.490 2754.4 2.97 61.540 2755.9 3.15 61.590 2757.4 3.02 61.640 2758.9 3.37 61.690 2760.3 3.1 61.740 2761.8 3.12 61.790 2763.3 3.07 61.840 2764.8 3.19 61.890 2766.3 3.17 61.940 2767.8 3.32 61.990 2769.2 3.07 62.040 2770.7 3.13 62.090 2772.2 3.22 62.140 2773.7 3.21 62.190 2775.2 3.21 62.240 2776.7 3.29 62.290 2778.1 3.5 62.340 2779.6 3.42 62.390 2781.1 3.62 62.440 2782.6 3.46 62.490 2784.1 3.12 62.540 2785.6 2.98 62.590 2787.0 3.05 62.640 2788.5 3.03 62.690 2790.0 3.14 62.740 2791.5 3.18 62.790 2793.0 3.11 62.840 2794.5 3.15 62.890 2795.9 3.05 62.940 2797.4 3.25 62.990 2798.9 2.92 63.040 2801.2 3.21 63.090 2803.6 3.27 63.140 2806.0 3.34 63.190 2808.3 3.33 63.240 2810.7 3.38 63.290 2813.1 3.37 63.340 2815.4 3.29 63.390 2817.8 3.48 63.440 2820.3 3.12 63.490 2822.8 3.09 63.540 2825.2 3.32 63.590 2827.7 3.01 63.640 2830.2 2.82 63.690 2832.7 2.87 63.740 2835.2 2.77 63.790 2837.6 2.79 63.840 2840.1 2.9 63.890 2842.6 2.86 63.940 2845.1 2.85 63.990 2847.6 3 64.040 2850.0 3.17 64.090 2852.5 2.95 64.140 2855.0 3.02 64.190 2857.5 2.85 64.240 2860.0 3.15 64.290 2862.4 2.94 64.340 2864.9 3.11 64.390 2867.4 3.21 64.440 2869.9 3.12 64.490 2872.4 3.16 64.540 2874.8 3.28 64.590 2877.3 3.3 64.640 2879.8 3.37 64.690 2884.3 3.25 64.740 2888.8 3 64.790 2893.3 3.06 64.840 2897.8 3.06 64.890 2902.3 3.35 64.940 2906.8 3.01 64.990 2911.3 3.03 65.040 2915.9 3.05 65.090 2920.4 3.5 65.140 2924.9 3.31 65.190 2929.4 3.42 65.240 2933.9 3.43 65.290 2938.4 3.35 65.340 2942.9 3.37 65.390 2947.4 3.42 65.440 2951.9 3.46 65.490 2956.4 3.42 65.540 2961.0 3.5 65.590 2965.5 2.94 65.640 2970.0 3.08 65.690 2974.5 3.33 65.740 2979.0 3.32 65.790 2982.7 3.35 65.840 2986.4 3.37 65.890 2990.1 3.01 65.940 2993.8 2.98 65.990 2997.5 2.92 66.040 3001.0 3 66.090 3004.5 2.96 66.140 3008.0 3.14 66.190 3011.5 3.1 66.240 3015.0 3.15 66.290 3018.5 3.22 66.340 3022.0 3.11 66.390 3025.5 3.11 66.440 3029.0 3 66.540 3036.0 2.98 66.590 3039.5 2.96 66.630 3042.3 2.96 66.690 3046.5 2.84 66.740 3050.0 2.84 66.790 3053.5 2.9 66.840 3057.0 2.83 66.890 3060.5 2.88 66.940 3064.0 2.86 66.990 3067.5 2.83 67.040 3071.1 2.78 67.090 3074.6 2.88 67.140 3078.1 2.96 67.190 3081.6 2.98 67.240 3085.1 2.79 67.290 3088.6 2.64 67.340 3092.1 3.05 67.390 3095.6 3.12 67.440 3099.1 3.1 67.490 3102.6 3.1 67.540 3106.1 3.11 67.590 3109.6 3.06 67.640 3113.1 3.13 67.690 3116.6 3.24 67.740 3120.1 3.21 67.790 3123.6 3.16 67.840 3127.1 3.22 67.890 3130.6 3.28 67.940 3134.1 3.21 67.990 3137.6 3.2 68.040 3141.1 3.09 68.090 3144.6 3.15 68.170 3147.3 3.29 68.320 3152.5 3.1 68.470 3157.6 3.09 68.620 3162.8 3.06 68.770 3167.9 2.95 68.920 3173.1 3.01 69.070 3178.2 3.09 69.220 3183.4 3.11 69.370 3188.5 3.17 69.520 3193.6 2.89 69.630 3197.4 2.975 69.780 3202.6 2.69 69.930 3207.7 2.83 70.280 3219.7 2.72 70.430 3224.9 2.95 70.580 3230.0 2.87 70.830 3238.6 2.71 70.980 3243.7 2.7 71.130 3248.9 2.89 71.280 3254.0 2.91 71.480 3260.9 2.98 71.730 3269.4 2.98 71.880 3274.6 3.05 72.080 3281.4 3.03 72.330 3290.0 3.03 72.480 3295.2 3.07 72.630 3300.3 3.17 72.830 3307.2 3.275 73.080 3315.3 3.45 73.280 3321.1 3.27 73.430 3325.5 3.15 73.880 3338.5 2.88 74.030 3342.9 2.946 74.180 3347.2 2.97 74.330 3351.6 3.04 74.480 3355.9 3.11 74.640 3360.6 3.095 74.830 3366.1 3.07 75.430 3383.5 3.09 75.580 3387.9 3.31 75.730 3392.2 3.06 75.880 3396.6 3.01 76.030 3400.9 2.95 76.180 3405.3 2.89 76.330 3409.6 2.92 76.480 3414.0 2.85 76.630 3418.3 3 76.780 3422.7 2.91 76.930 3427.0 2.935 77.080 3431.4 2.79 77.230 3435.7 2.82 77.380 3440.1 2.74 77.530 3444.4 2.59 77.680 3448.8 2.65 77.830 3453.1 2.8 77.980 3457.5 2.743 78.130 3461.8 2.59 78.280 3466.2 3.07 78.480 3472.0 2.83 78.630 3476.3 2.83 78.780 3480.7 2.65 78.930 3485.0 2.57 79.080 3489.4 2.49 79.230 3493.7 2.62 79.380 3498.1 2.703 79.530 3502.5 3.16 79.680 3506.8 2.86 79.830 3511.2 2.88 79.980 3515.5 2.83 80.130 3519.9 2.79 80.280 3524.2 2.81 80.430 3528.6 2.8 80.580 3532.9 2.745 80.730 3537.3 2.75 80.880 3541.6 2.82 80.990 3544.8 2.98 81.190 3550.7 2.95 81.390 3556.8 2.87 81.540 3561.3 2.83 81.690 3565.8 2.81 81.840 3570.4 2.76 81.990 3574.9 2.73 82.290 3584.0 3.14 82.440 3588.5 2.79 82.640 3594.6 2.82 82.840 3600.6 2.803 82.990 3605.1 3.27 83.490 3620.3 2.885 83.690 3626.3 3.16 84.140 3639.9 2.92 84.340 3646.0 2.88 84.490 3650.5 2.775 84.790 3659.6 2.94 85.190 3671.7 2.83 85.390 3677.7 3.23 85.540 3682.1 2.98 85.690 3686.5 2.9 85.890 3692.4 2.62 86.040 3696.9 2.66 86.190 3701.3 3.03 86.390 3707.2 2.77 86.540 3711.6 2.775 86.690 3716.0 2.9 86.890 3721.9 3.01 87.040 3726.3 2.73 87.190 3730.7 2.71 87.390 3736.6 2.73 87.540 3741.1 2.425 87.740 3746.9 2.77 87.940 3752.8 2.59 88.140 3758.7 2.8 88.340 3764.6 2.68 88.490 3769.0 2.95 88.640 3773.5 3.04 88.740 3776.4 2.69 88.940 3782.3 2.775 89.140 3788.2 2.725 89.340 3794.1 2.705 89.540 3800.0 2.61 89.740 3805.9 2.76 89.940 3811.8 2.695 90.040 3814.7 2.755 90.240 3820.6 2.62 90.440 3826.5 2.69 90.640 3832.4 2.62 90.840 3838.3 2.885 91.040 3843.9 2.95 91.240 3848.5 2.79 91.440 3853.1 2.6 91.540 3855.4 2.6 91.740 3860.0 2.66 91.940 3864.6 2.67 92.140 3869.2 2.76 92.340 3873.7 2.905 92.540 3878.3 2.95 92.740 3882.9 3.04 92.940 3887.4 2.91 93.140 3891.9 2.83 93.340 3896.3 2.795 93.540 3900.8 2.82 93.740 3905.3 2.7 94.140 3914.3 2.74 94.340 3918.7 2.74 94.540 3923.2 2.68 94.740 3927.7 2.71 94.940 3932.2 2.793 95.340 3941.2 2.69 95.540 3945.6 2.59 95.740 3950.1 2.51 95.940 3954.6 2.785 96.040 3956.8 2.84 96.260 3961.8 2.75 96.460 3966.3 2.655 96.660 3970.7 2.58 96.860 3975.2 2.75 97.060 3979.7 2.765 97.260 3984.2 2.79 97.460 3988.7 2.77 97.660 3993.1 2.765 97.860 3997.6 2.79 98.060 4002.1 2.795