# Western North America LGM Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18015 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015proxy.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-02-23 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Western North America LGM Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Oster, J.L.; Ibarra, D.E.; Winnick, M.J.; Maher, K. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Synthesis of hydoclimatic proxy records for western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum, # indicating wet or dry hydroclimatic conditions relative to today from proxy reconstructions. Proxies table # contains the locations and hydroclimate state at the LGM from a collection of proxy records. The "category" # column indicates whether the proxy captured drier (d)/unchanged(u)/wetter(w)/or unclear (u) at the LGM # relative to modern conditions. The "proxies" column describes the methods used to determine hydroclimatic # response at each location. The "approx. chronological error column provides the uncertainty on chronology # for each record. References are numbered and are given in the Reference table. The "Ensemble Averages" table # provides the average percent change in annual precipitation, precipitation minus evapotranspiration (P-ET), # and temperature between the LGM and the preindustrial simulation. See Oster et al., (2015) for more details. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Jessica L. Oster, Daniel E. Ibarra, Matthew J. Winnick and Katharine Maher # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-02-23 # Published_Title: Steering of westerly storms over western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2365 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The hydroclimate history of North America includes the formation and desiccation of large inland lakes and the growth and ablation of glaciers throughout the Quaternary period. At the Last Glacial Maximum, expanded pluvial lakes in the south and aridity in the northwest suggest that the winter westerly storm track was displaced southwards and migrated northwards as the Laurentide Ice Sheet waned. However, lake highstands do not occur synchronously along zonal bands, in conflict with this hypothesis. Here we compile a network of precipitation proxy reconstructions from lakes, speleothems, groundwater deposits, pack rat middens and glaciers from the western and southwestern US, which we compare with an ensemble of climate simulations to identify the controls of regional hydroclimatic change. The proxy records suggest a precipitation dipole during the Last Glacial Maximum, with wetter than modern conditions in the southwest and drier conditions near the ice sheet, and a northwest-southeast trending transition zone across the northern Great Basin. The models that simulate a weaker and south-shifted Aleutian low-pressure system, a strong North Pacific high-pressure system, and a high above the ice sheet best reproduce this regional variation. We therefore conclude that rather than a uniformly south-shifted storm track, a stronger jet that is squeezed and steered across the continent by high-pressure systems best explains the observed regional hydroclimate patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: AGS1203701, EAR0921134 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Western North America # Location: North America # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 47.61 # Southernmost_Latitude: 31.30 # Easternmost_Longitude: -105.14 # Westernmost_Longitude: -124.07 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Oster2015proxy # Earliest_Year: 23000 # Most_Recent_Year: 19000 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # # # # # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##location Location,,,,,,,,C ##State State,,,,,,,,C ##type Record Type,,,,,,,,C ##lat Latitude, , , degrees, , , , ,N ##long Longitude, , , degrees, , , , ,N ##category Category,,,,,, drier (d)/unchanged(u)/wetter(w)/or unclear (u) at the LGM relative to modern conditions,,C ##proxy proxy,,,,,,,,C ##chron-err Approximate chronological error, , , , , , provided by references, Errors were assumed to be 1s unless otherwise specified,C ##refnums Reference numbers, , , , , , , ,C # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # Proxy records and LGM climate interpretations from western North America # # location State type lat long category proxy chron-err refnums Olympic Mountains Washington Glacier 47.61 -124.07 d 14C dating of morraines 160 14C yrs (1s) 6 Puget Lobe Washington Glacier 47.53 -122.01 d 14C dating of morraines 70 14C yrs (1s) "7,8" Central Montana ranges Montana Glacier 47.50 -111.30 w mass balance modeling N/A 37 Carp Lake Washington Vegetation (Flora) 45.92 -120.88 d steppe vs. forest species 400 yrs (1s) 38 Western Montana ranges Montana Glacier 45.75 -113.90 d mass balance modeling N/A 37 Yellowstone Wyoming/Montana Glacier 45.49 -110.50 u 10Be dating of moraines 500 yrs (1s) 39 Wallowa Mountains Idaho Glacier 45.20 -117.32 u 10Be dating of moraines 400 yrs (1s) 7 Yelllowstone Montana Speleothem/Groundwater 44.97 -110.70 d U-series dating of groundwater travertines 200 yrs (2s) 40 Strawberry Mountains Oregon Glacier 44.30 -118.79 u mass balance modeling N/A 41 Little Lake Oregon Vegetation (Flora) 44.17 -123.58 d "spruce, lodgepole pine, mountain hemlock" 300-600 yrs (1s) 42 Sawtooth Mountains Idaho Glacier 43.95 -114.90 u " 14C dating and mapping of moraines, lake cores" 400 yrs (1s) 43 Steens Mountain Oregon Glacier 43.67 -118.58 n mass balance modeling N/A 41 Wind River Range Wyoming Glacier 43.54 -109.64 u 10Be dating of moraines 700 yrs (1s) "44,45" Wind River Terraces Wyoming Soil 43.50 -108.50 d U isotopes in pedogenic carbonate 200-700 yrs (2s) 46-48 Fort Rock/Alkali Lake Oregon Lake 43.37 -121.07 u 14C dating of shoreline deposits 200-600 14C yrs (1s) 49 Gray's Lake Idaho Vegetation (Flora) 43.08 -111.50 w forest vs. steppe species 300 yrs (1s) 50 Lake Chewaucan Oregon Vegetation (Flora) 42.69 -120.55 n saltbush vs. conifer pollen 300-700 14C yrs (1s) 51-53 Pine Forest Range Oregon Glacier 42.67 -118.75 n mass balance modeling N/A 41 Lake Alvord Oregon/Nevada Lake 42.36 -118.59 n "shoreline mapping, relative dating" N/A "54,55" Bear Lake Idaho/Utah Vegetation (Flora) 41.95 -111.31 w percent arid adapted taxa 10000 yrs (2s) 56 Tule Lake California Lake 41.95 -121.48 d diatom assemblages 300 yrs (1s) 57 Lake Surprise California/Nevada Lake 41.53 -120.17 w U-series dating of tufa and hydrologic modeling 1000-3000 yrs (2s) 3 Lake Bonneville (Great Salt Lake) Utah/Nevada Lake 40.80 -113.80 w "U-series and U isotopes of tufa, O isotopes on TIC" 300 yrs (2s) 58-61 Lake Bonneville (Bonneville Flats) Utah/Nevada Lake 40.80 -113.80 n amino acid racemization of ostracodes 340 yrs (1s) 62 Lake Bonneville (Bonneville Flats) Utah/Nevada Vegetation (Flora) 40.80 -113.80 u forest vs. steppe species ash layers and tuned to benthic d18O 63 Clover Lake Nevada Lake 40.79 114.84 w 14C dating of shoreline deposits 70 14C yrs (1s) 2 Northern Uinta Mountains Utah Glacier 40.78 -110.37 w "moraine mapping, mass balance modeling" relative dating 64 Western Uinta Mountains Utah Glacier 40.66 -111.00 w "10Be, 26Al dating of morraines, mass-balance modeling" 1000 yrs (2s) 65 Uinta Mountains Utah Glacier 40.60 -110.43 n mass balance modeling N/A 9 Ruby Mountains Nevada Glacier 40.50 -115.50 n mass balance modeling N/A 41 Wasatch Mountains Utah Glacier 40.43 -111.75 w mass balance modeling N/A 9 Lake Franklin Nevada Lake 40.36 -115.40 u 14C dating of shoreline deposits 70 14C yrs (1s) 2; 66 Ruby Marshes Nevada Vegetation (Flora) 40.28 -115.42 d steppe vs. forest species 700 14C yrs (1s) 67 Lake Lahontan (Lake Winnemucca) Nevada Lake 40.12 -119.34 w "hydrologic modeling, 14C dating of shorelines, O and C isotopes on TIC" 400 14C yrs (1s) "10,68-71" Lake Lahontan (Pyramid Lake) Nevada Lake 40.06 -119.56 w "hydrologic modeling, O and C isotopes on TIC, lacustrine stratigraphy" 750 yrs (1s) "10,68-72" Lake Lahontan (Carson Sink) Nevada Vegetation (Flora) 39.88 -118.35 d sagebrush vs. conifer pollen not provided 53 Deep Creek Mountains Utah Glacier 39.83 -113.83 w mass balance modeling N/A 39 Lake Lahontan (~Center) Nevada Lake 39.80 -118.50 w hydrologic modeling 400 14C yrs (1s) "10,68-74" Diamond Valley Nevada Soil 39.76 -115.97 w U isotopes in pedogenic opal 2000 yrs (2s) 48 Newark Valley Nevada Soil 39.68 -115.72 w U isotopes in pedogenic opal 3000 yrs (2s) 48 Lake Newark Nevada Lake 39.68 -115.72 u "14C, 36Cl, U-series dating of shoreline deposits" 370 years (1s) 75 Spring Lake Nevada Lake 39.48 -114.43 w hydrologic modeling N/A "66,76" Roaring Fork-Front range Colorado Glacier 39.14 -107.33 d mass balance modeling N/A 77 Lake Lahontan (Walker Subbasin) Nevada Lake 38.87 -118.83 w "36Cl and U-series dating of shoreline deposits, hdyrologic modeling" 4000 (2s) "10,68,69,75,78" Elk and Sawatch Mountains Colorado Glacier 38.80 -106.50 n mass balance modeling N/A "79,80" Fish Lake Plateau Utah Glacier 38.61 -111.70 w "3He dating of moraines, mass balance modeling" 2000 yrs (2s) 81 Tushar Mountains Utah Glacier 38.42 -112.50 w mass balance modeling N/A 41 Boulder Mountain Utah Glacier 38.16 -111.40 u 3He dating of moraines 1300 yrs (1s) 82 Lake Columbus Nevada Lake 38.11 -117.90 w 36Cl and U-series dating of shoreline deposits 500 yrs (1s) 75 Sangre de Cristo (West) Colorado Glacier 38.10 -105.72 d "moraine mapping, mass balance modeling" relative dating 83 Lake Russell (Mono Lake) California Lake 38.02 -119.01 w lacustrine stratigraphy 1000 yrs (1s) "84,85" San Juan Mountains Colorado Glacier 37.90 -107.80 d mass balance modeling N/A 77 Fish Lake Valley Nevada/California Soil 37.69 -118.08 w U isotopes in pedogenic opal 4000 (2s) 48 White Mountains California Vegetation (Packrat) 37.63 -118.26 w "forest vs. steppe species, H isotopes on plant material" 300 14C yrs (1s) 86 Sierra Nevada (Bishop Creek) California Glacier 37.23 -118.60 u "14C, 36Cl dates on moraines" 1000 yrs (1s) "87,88" Sangre de Cristo Mountains (East) Colorado Glacier 37.16 -105.14 n "moraine mapping, mass balance modeling" relative dating 83 Nevada Test Site Nevada Vegetation (Flora) 37.12 -116.05 w Limber pine vs. White fir 400 14C yrs (1s) "53,89" Yucca Mountain Nevada Vegetation (Packrat) 36.94 -116.49 w Limber pine vs. White fir 100 14C yrs (1s) "48,90" Owens Lake California Lake 36.80 -118.20 w lacustrine stratigraphy 90 14C yrs (1s) 91 Alabama Hills California Vegetation (Packrat) 36.60 -118.09 w forest vs. steppe species 500 14C yrs (1s) 92 Death Valley California Vegetation (Packrat) 36.50 -117.00 w woodland vs. desert species 600 14C yrs (1s) 93 Southern Nevada Nevada Lake 36.40 -115.40 w "lacustrine stratigraphy, ostracode assemblages and O isotopes" 70 14C yrs (1s) 94 Devils Hole Nevada Speleothem/Groundwater 36.40 -116.29 w U-series dating of groundwater travertines 1000 yrs (1s) 95-97 Lake Manly California Lake 36.22 -116.83 w O isotopes in bulk lake sediment 3000 yrs (2s) 98-100 Lake Manix California Lake 35.98 -116.70 u "lacustrine stratigraphy, ostracode assemblages and O isotopes" 100 14C yrs (1s) 99 Searles Lake California Lake 35.76 -117.34 w U-series dating of tufa 200 yrs (1s) "100,101" Silurian Valley California Lake 35.60 -116.25 w "pollen, ostracodes, lacustrine stratigraphy" 300 yrs (2s) 102 Barstow California Soil 34.90 -117.02 w U isotopes in pedogenic opal 4000 (2s) 46 Lake Estancia New Mexico Lake 34.90 -106.00 w "lacustrine stratigraphy, Hydrologic modeling" 100 14C yrs (1s) "103,104" Lake Thompson California Lake 34.80 -118.06 w lacustrine stratigraphy 80 14C yrs (1s) 105 Baldwin Lake California Lake 34.28 -116.80 w lacustrine stratigraphy 200 14C yrs (1s) 106 San Bernardino Mountains California Glacier 34.10 -116.82 w "10Be dating of moraines, ELA reconstruction" 1000 yrs (1s) 107 San Bernardino Mountains California Lake 34.10 -116.82 w summary of geomorphic evidence for lakes along Mojave River not provided 108 San Agustin Basin New Mexico Lake 33.88 -108.25 w O isotopes in ostracodes 200 14C yrs (1s) "109,110" Fort Stanton Cave New Mexico Speleothem/Groundwater 33.40 -105.50 w O isotopes 100 yrs (2s) 11 Peloncillo Range New Mexico Vegetation (Packrat) 32.30 -109.00 w "Pinon-juniper woodland, P. edulis" 200 yrs (2s) 111 Lake Cochise Arizona Lake 32.11 -109.92 u lacustrine stratigraphy 150 14C yrs (1s) 112 Cave of the Bells Arizona Speleothem/Groundwater 31.75 -110.75 w O isotopes 100 yrs (2s) 15 Lake Cloverdale New Mexico Lake 31.30 -108.81 w lacustrine stratigraphy 600 14C yrs (1s) 113