# Antarctic Geochemistry Data and Mean Annual Temperature Reconstruction through the Eocene-Oligocene transition #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21770 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/passchier2017/passchier2017.txt # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions # # Parameter_Keywords: air temperature, ice extent #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-03-30 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Antarctic Geochemistry Data and Mean Annual Temperature Reconstruction through the Eocene-Oligocene transition #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Passchier, Sandra; Ciarletta, Daniel J.; Miriagos, Triantafilo E. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: ODP Sites 739 (-67.276167 S, 75.081833 E, -412.4 m), 742 (-67.549667 S, 75.4045 E, -415.7 m) and 1166 (-67.696167 S, 74.787 E, -475.4 m) together encompass a composite record; the standard error on the MAT is 3.6 degrees Celsius # Provided Keywords: Antarctica, chemical index of alteration, Eocene #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Passchier, S., Ciarletta, D.J., Miriagos, T.E., Bijl, P.K., and Bohaty, S.M. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2017 # Published_Title: An Antarctic stratigraphic record of stepwise ice growth through the Eocene-Oligocene transition # Journal_Name: Geological Society of America Bulletin # Volume: 129 # Edition: # Issue: 3-4 # Pages: 318-330 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1130/B31482.1 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Earth's current icehouse phase began ~34 m.y. ago with the onset of major Antarctic glaciation at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Changes in ocean circulation and a decline in atmospheric greenhouse gas levels were associated with stepwise cooling and ice growth at southern high latitudes. The Antarctic cryosphere plays a critical role in the ocean-atmosphere system, but its early evolution is still poorly known. With a near-field record from Prydz Bay, Antarctica, we demonstrate that Antarctic ice growth was stepwise and had an earlier onset than previously suggested. Prydz Bay lies downstream of a major East Antarctic Ice Sheet drainage system, and its sedimentary records uniquely constrain the timing of ice-sheet advance onto the continental shelf. We investigated a detrital record extracted from three Ocean Drilling Program drill holes within a new depositional and chronological framework spanning the late Eocene to early Oligocene (ca. 36-33 Ma). The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and the S index, calculated from the major-element geochemistry of bulk samples, yielded estimates of chemical weathering intensities and mean annual temperature on the East Antarctic continent. We document evidence for late Eocene mountain glaciation along with transient warm events at 35.8-34.8 Ma. From 34.4 Ma, associated with the Eocene-Oligocene transition precursor d18O excursion, glaciers advanced into Prydz Bay, coincident with a decline in chemical weathering and temperature. We conclude that Antarctic continental ice growth commenced with the Eocene-Oligocene transition "precursor" glaciation, during a time of Subantarctic surface ocean cooling and a decline in atmospheric pCO2. These results call for dynamic high-latitude feedbacks that are currently poorly represented in Earth system models and emphasize the need for additional near-field glacio-sedimentological, high-latitude sea-surface temperature and pCO2 records across the Eocene-Oligocene transition. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation # Grant: ANT 1245283 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: ODP 739, 742, 1166 Composite # Location: Antarctica # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: -67.276167 # Southernmost_Latitude: -67.696167 # Easternmost_Longitude: 75.4045 # Westernmost_Longitude: 74.787 # Elevation: #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: ODP739_742_1166 Chem and MAT Passchier17 # First_Year: 35850000 # Last_Year: 32910000 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # Age tie points by Hole Type Datum Description Age min (Ma) Age max (Ma) Age avg (Ma) Error (Ma) Sample ID Depth (mbsf) Depth (mcd) Age used avg(Ma) References, notes # 739C NAN FCO Reticulofenestra daviesii 33.6 33.6 33.6 0 38R-1, 35-37 299.26 299.26 33.6 Wei & Thierstein, 1991; Persico et al., 2012 # PAL FO Malvinia escutiana 33.6 33.6 33.6 0 39R-2, 62-64 310.73 310.73 33.6 Houben et al., 2011, 2013 # PAL P Vozzhennikovia sp. 33.7 47R-1, 90-93 386.83 386.83 Truswell, 1991; Brinkhuis et al., 2003 # S P PS.2A1-G1 34.7 482.73 482.73 younger than max. age of top 742A Eocene section # # 742A top of Eocene section 171.3 482.73 sheared erosion surface beneath diamict # PAL P Vozzhennikovia sp. 33.7 20R-3, 61-63 174.92 486.35 Truswell, 1991; Brinkhuis et al., 2003 # S T PS.2A1-CT 34R 304.29 615.72 seismic tie to 136 mbsf in 1166A # # 1166A DIA LO H.caracteristicus (LO), D.architecturalis (LCO) 33.7 15R-3, 18-19 135.73 615.72 Florindo et al., 2003 # PM B C15r 35.7 35.7 35.7 0.005 15R-3, 76-78 136.32 616.31 35.7 reverse interval at top of PS.2A1-CT correlated to 304.29 mbsf in 742A; Florindo et al., 2003 # PM P C16n.1n 35.7 35.9 35.8 0.09 148 627.99 35.8 Florindo et al., 2003 # PAL FO Deflandrea sp. A sensu Brinkhuis et al., 2003 35.9 35.9 35.9 -0.005 26R-1, 30-32 238.2 718.19 35.9 Warnaar, 2006; Brinkhuis et al., 2003 # # Coding FCO= First common occurrence # FO= First occurrence # LO= Last occurrence # T= Top # P= Present # B= Bottom # # DIA=diatom # NAN=nannofossil # PAL=palynology # PM=paleomagnetism # S=seismic stratigraphy # # Datums recalculated to GTS2012 #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## ODP Sample ID ,,,,,,,,C ## depth_m depth,,,m,,,sample top below seafloor,,N ## depth_mcd depth,,,m,,,Meter composite depth top,,N ## age_Ma_GTS2012 age,,,millions of years BP,,,GTS2012 timescale,,N ## SiO2 silicon dioxide,sediment,,weight percent,,sediment,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## TiO2 titanium dioxide,sediment,,weight percent,,sediment,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## Al2O3 aluminum oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## Fe2O3 iron oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## MnO manganese oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## MgO magnesium oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## CaO calcium oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## Na2O sodium oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## K2O potassium oxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## P2O5 phosphorus pentoxide,sediment,,weight percent,,paleoceanography,normalized,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N ## CIA chemical index of alteration,sediment,,,,paleoceanography,100 times the molar ratio of Al2O3 and the sum of Al2O3, CaO, Na2O and K2O (Nesbitt and Young 1982),,N ## S-index S index,sediment,,,,paleoceanography,molar ratio of Na2O and K2O to Al2O3 (Sheldon et al 2002),,N ## MAT mean annual temperature,,,degrees Celsius,annual,climate reconstruction,calibraton of Sheldon et al. 2004,,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: -999 ODP Sample ID depth_m depth_mcd age_Ma_GTS2012 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 CIA S-index MAT 739C-28R-1-38-40 202.88 202.88 32.92 80.24 0.49 9.40 3.77 0.05 1.39 0.99 1.37 2.16 0.14 59.50 0.49 8.3 739C-29R-3-90-92 216.1 216.1 33.01 76.67 0.62 11.25 4.18 0.05 1.54 1.37 1.57 2.61 0.12 58.74 0.48 8.4 739C-30R-1-101-103 222.81 222.81 33.05 74.78 0.67 12.07 4.62 0.06 1.73 1.47 1.73 2.72 0.14 58.76 0.48 8.4 739C-30R-5-101-103 228.81 228.81 33.09 78.82 0.53 10.08 3.83 0.05 1.43 1.24 1.54 2.36 0.12 57.85 0.50 8.0 739C-31R-4-94-96 236.84 236.84 33.15 76.65 0.59 11.20 4.30 0.06 1.69 1.12 1.63 2.64 0.13 59.65 0.50 8.1 739C-33R-2-64-66 252.84 252.84 33.26 74.04 0.63 12.09 4.85 0.06 1.97 1.17 1.94 3.10 0.14 58.22 0.54 7.3 739C-33R-6-22-24 258.42 258.42 33.29 74.72 0.61 11.85 4.54 0.06 1.86 1.40 1.94 2.87 0.13 57.26 0.53 7.4 739C-34R-3-78-80 264.18 264.18 33.33 71.93 0.66 12.83 6.02 0.06 2.01 1.33 1.91 3.09 0.15 59.01 0.51 7.9 739C-35R-3-17-19 273.17 273.17 33.39 74.02 0.61 12.30 4.73 0.06 2.01 1.19 1.95 3.01 0.13 58.80 0.52 7.6 739C-36R-2-57-59 281.77 281.77 33.45 75.61 0.58 11.45 4.27 0.06 1.79 1.49 1.71 2.93 0.12 56.87 0.52 7.6 739C-36R-5-78-80 286.48 286.48 33.48 75.66 0.59 11.30 4.48 0.06 1.81 1.54 1.80 2.65 0.11 56.68 0.52 7.7 739C-38R-4-15-17 303.55 303.55 33.60 78.45 0.55 10.28 4.02 0.05 1.48 1.11 1.54 2.41 0.11 58.97 0.50 8.0 739C-39R-2-43-45 310.53 310.53 33.65 79.29 0.59 9.87 4.10 0.06 1.37 0.96 1.25 2.36 0.15 60.83 0.47 8.7 739C-40R-1-40-42 318.6 318.6 33.70 82.85 0.52 8.50 3.13 0.04 0.95 0.56 1.07 2.29 0.08 61.76 0.50 8.1 739C-41R-2-57-59 329.87 329.87 33.78 78.17 0.73 10.25 4.43 0.06 1.42 1.22 1.25 2.32 0.15 60.16 0.45 9.1 739C-42R-1-60-62 338.1 338.1 33.84 83.82 0.46 8.09 2.96 0.04 0.87 0.63 1.03 2.02 0.08 61.71 0.48 8.4 739C-46R-2-32-34 378.02 378.02 34.11 81.49 0.55 9.54 3.23 0.04 1.08 0.64 1.07 2.29 0.08 63.86 0.44 9.1 739C-47R-1-40-42 386.3 386.3 34.16 79.13 0.55 10.36 3.75 0.06 1.33 1.02 1.19 2.55 0.09 61.19 0.46 8.9 739C-48R-1-61-63 396.21 396.21 34.23 82.25 0.55 9.16 3.07 0.04 0.92 0.55 0.91 2.47 0.08 63.97 0.45 8.9 739C-51R-2-62-64 426.62 426.62 34.44 78.32 0.62 11.65 3.82 0.03 1.12 0.58 1.19 2.57 0.08 66.78 0.41 9.8 739C-56R-1-7-9 453.57 453.57 34.62 81.42 0.60 10.06 3.13 0.03 0.78 0.43 0.92 2.55 0.07 66.54 0.43 9.4 739C-58R-2-50-52 465.2 465.2 34.70 79.50 0.61 11.30 3.44 0.04 0.83 0.64 0.87 2.68 0.09 67.32 0.38 10.2 739C-60R-1-72-74 473.62 473.62 34.76 72.38 0.88 14.00 6.14 0.03 1.45 0.67 1.30 3.08 0.09 67.72 0.39 10.1 739C-62R-CC-8-9 482.68 482.68 34.82 78.90 0.71 11.52 3.66 0.04 0.92 0.49 0.96 2.74 0.08 67.99 0.39 10.0 742A-20R-1-137-139 172.67 484.1 34.83 74.29 0.73 14.66 4.19 0.03 1.21 0.45 1.25 3.10 0.10 70.19 0.37 10.5 742A-20R-2-48-50 173.28 484.71 34.83 62.62 1.15 24.06 5.81 0.03 1.46 0.39 1.35 3.01 0.13 79.57 0.23 13.1 742A-20R-2-77-79 173.57 485 34.83 77.95 0.63 12.56 3.31 0.04 0.95 0.42 1.17 2.87 0.09 68.46 0.40 9.9 742A-20R-3-56-58 174.86 486.29 34.84 60.74 1.19 24.93 6.26 0.03 1.55 0.53 1.62 3.01 0.13 78.37 0.24 12.9 742A-21R-1-12-14 181.12 492.55 34.89 75.01 0.63 13.95 4.67 0.05 1.14 0.49 1.13 2.78 0.15 70.76 0.35 10.8 742A-21R-1-87-89 181.87 493.3 34.89 76.99 0.64 13.27 3.82 0.03 0.94 0.24 1.08 2.91 0.08 71.29 0.37 10.4 742A-21R-2-37-39 182.87 494.3 34.90 79.70 0.59 11.52 3.40 0.03 0.84 0.21 1.01 2.61 0.08 70.30 0.39 10.1 742A-21R-3-48-50 184.48 495.91 34.91 75.10 0.68 13.98 4.69 0.05 1.02 0.35 1.08 2.93 0.13 71.46 0.35 10.8 742A-22R-1-71-73 191.41 502.84 34.96 78.08 0.58 11.63 4.42 0.05 0.92 0.51 1.01 2.61 0.19 68.25 0.39 10.2 742A-22R-1-137-139 192.07 503.5 34.96 69.13 0.83 17.58 5.78 0.06 1.31 0.64 1.37 3.18 0.11 71.96 0.32 11.3 742A-22R-2-103-105 193.23 504.66 34.97 75.99 0.68 13.78 4.27 0.04 0.99 0.24 1.07 2.85 0.09 72.26 0.35 10.8 742A-22R-3-85-87 194.55 505.98 34.98 77.74 0.63 12.67 3.89 0.04 0.90 0.26 1.03 2.77 0.09 71.10 0.37 10.5 742A-26R-1-38-40 229.58 541.01 35.21 71.84 0.70 14.91 6.11 0.07 1.22 0.60 1.33 3.08 0.15 69.28 0.37 10.5 742A-26R-2-61-63 231.31 542.74 35.23 77.70 0.62 12.51 3.72 0.04 0.88 0.35 1.14 2.96 0.09 68.66 0.41 9.8 742A-27R-7041-43 248.21 559.64 35.34 78.83 0.56 11.70 3.56 0.05 0.81 0.72 0.92 2.74 0.10 66.87 0.38 10.2 742A-28R-4-28-30 253.28 564.71 35.38 79.63 0.56 11.39 3.45 0.04 0.85 0.27 1.04 2.69 0.08 69.01 0.41 9.8 742A-28R-5-55-57 255.05 566.48 35.39 80.69 0.53 10.89 3.15 0.03 0.78 0.28 0.98 2.58 0.09 68.86 0.41 9.8 742A-28R-5-55-57 255.05 566.48 35.39 80.79 0.53 10.81 3.15 0.03 0.78 0.29 0.97 2.58 0.08 68.79 0.41 9.8 742A-28R-5-55-57 255.05 566.48 35.39 80.77 0.53 10.86 3.15 0.03 0.77 0.28 0.95 2.58 0.08 69.07 0.40 9.9 742A-29R-6-79-81 266.39 577.82 35.47 81.92 0.51 10.20 2.89 0.03 0.74 0.29 0.87 2.49 0.06 68.71 0.40 9.8 742A-30R-4-80-82 273.1 584.53 35.51 80.53 0.57 11.00 3.27 0.03 0.78 0.25 0.94 2.56 0.06 69.70 0.39 10.0 742A-31R-4-110-112 283 594.43 35.58 81.84 0.50 10.30 2.89 0.03 0.73 0.29 0.91 2.44 0.07 68.82 0.40 9.9 742A-32R-4-142-144 293.02 604.45 35.65 81.26 0.51 10.58 2.96 0.03 0.73 0.31 0.95 2.60 0.07 68.18 0.41 9.6 742A-33R-6-9-11 304.29 615.72 35.72 77.34 0.71 11.92 5.36 0.02 0.48 0.29 1.00 2.81 0.06 69.58 0.39 10.0 742A-33R-6-76-78 304.96 616.39 35.73 78.69 0.70 12.60 3.00 0.03 0.71 0.39 1.02 2.80 0.06 69.91 0.37 10.4 742A-34R-1-99-101 307.29 618.72 35.74 72.13 0.87 18.05 3.62 0.03 0.67 0.34 0.98 3.17 0.13 76.10 0.28 12.1 742A-34R-2-24-26 308.04 619.47 35.75 75.78 0.80 15.34 3.01 0.03 0.63 0.33 1.05 2.98 0.06 73.42 0.32 11.3 742A-34R-3-51-53 309.81 621.24 35.76 79.42 0.72 12.68 2.72 0.03 0.51 0.29 0.93 2.63 0.07 72.07 0.35 10.9 1166A-15R-5-81-84 139.36 619.35 35.73 73.42 0.70 15.83 4.26 0.03 1.33 0.69 0.87 2.73 0.16 78.34 0.28 12.2 1166A-16R-3-29-31 145.49 625.48 35.74 77.15 0.60 13.05 4.31 0.03 1.10 0.56 0.74 2.37 0.09 74.97 0.29 11.9 1166A-17R-3-26-29 154.66 634.65 35.75 78.16 0.70 13.33 2.69 0.03 0.71 0.55 1.03 2.73 0.06 74.10 0.35 10.8 1166A-18R-1-36-39 161.36 641.35 35.77 83.98 0.57 9.21 2.00 0.03 0.35 0.45 0.89 2.47 0.04 68.99 0.45 9.0 1166A-22R-1-52-56 200.02 680.01 35.82 84.79 0.64 9.14 1.64 0.03 0.25 0.49 0.69 2.29 0.04 71.64 0.40 10.0 1166A-24R-1-52-56 219.22 699.21 35.85 84.46 0.67 9.10 1.82 0.03 0.30 0.46 0.76 2.29 0.10 69.07 0.41 9.7