Feni Drift Late Holocene Foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Feni Drift Late Holocene Foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 8/2009 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Thomas O. Richter, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ). IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2009-085 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Richter, T.O., et al. 2009. Feni Drift Late Holocene Foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2009-085. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Richter, T.O., F.J.C. Peeters, and T.C.E. van Weering. 2009. Late Holocene (0–2.4 ka BP) surface water temperature and salinity variability, Feni Drift, NE Atlantic Ocean. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 28, Issues 19-20, pp. 1941-1955, (September 2009). doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.04.008 ABSTRACT: Planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios and oxygen isotopic compositions of a spliced sediment record from Feni Drift, NE Atlantic Ocean (box core M200309 and piston core ENAM9606) trace late Holocene sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity changes over the past 2400 years. At this location, the variability of SST and oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (d18Ow) reflects variable northward advection of warm and saline surface waters, which appears linked to climate variability over the adjacent European continent. Our records reveal a general long-term cooling trend. Superimposed on this overall trend, partly higher temperatures and salinities from 180 to 560 AD and 750 to 1160 AD may be ascribed to the Roman and Medieval Warm Periods, respectively. Subsequently, our record displays highly variable surface water conditions; the main Little Ice Age SST minimum is restricted to the 15th and 16th centuries AD. Pervasive multidecadal- to centennial-scale variability throughout the sedimentary proxy records can be partly attributed to solar forcing and/or variable heat extraction from the surface ocean caused by shifts in the prevailing state of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). High salinities in the 17th and 18th centuries are considered to reflect tropical anomalies linked to a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, propagating across the North Atlantic Ocean. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Feni Drift, NE Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 2,400 YrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: European Union FP5 (PACLIVA, Patterns of Climate variability in the North Atlantic - T.O.R., T.C.E.v.W.). Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) within RAPID initiative (VAMOC, Variability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation - F.J.C.P., T.C.E.v.W.) DESCRIPTION: Late Holocene surface water reconstructions based on planktonic foraminiferal (G. bulloides) Mg/Ca and d18O. Records are from a piston core (ENAM9606) and a box core (M200309) from virtually the same location at Feni Drift on the western margin of Rockall Trough, NE Atlantic Ocean. The most recent sediments were not retrieved in the top of the piston core, hence the two cores were spliced to extend the record to the present day and to compare proxy results with 20th century hydrographic data. Core Locations: ENAM9606: 55°39.02'N, 13°59.10'W, 2543 m water depth M200309: 55°39.10'N, 13°59.13'W, 2548 m water depth DATA: 1. 14C ages Core Depth 14CageUncorr. Cal.Age 1s age range Age AD 1s age range UtC lab number M200309 23.5 947 +/- 44 548 504-596 1402 1354-1446 14130 ENAM9606 10 956 +/- 45 555 513-597 1395 1353-1437 11447 ENAM9606 20 1043 +/- 43 613 565-651 1337 1299-1385 10996 ENAM9606 27.5 1440 +/- 100 994 894-1114 956 836-1053 14121* ENAM9606 35.5 1279 +/- 43 824 776-884 1126 1066-1174 14122 ENAM9606 44.5 920 +/- 60 530 479-594 1420 1356-1471 14123* ENAM9606 50 1658 +/- 42 1219 1177-1263 731 687-773 10997 ENAM9606 58.5 1820 +/- 60 1366 1289-1417 584 533-661 14124 ENAM9606 70 2190 +/- 50 1785 1721-1849 165 101-229 14126 ENAM9606 84 2640 +/- 60 2328 2256-2431 378BC 481-306BC 14125 * - not included in age model 2. Foraminiferal Mg/Ca SST Reconstructions Column 1: Core Column 2: Depth (cm) Column 3: Age (Calendar Years before 1950AD) Column 4: Year AD Column 5: d18O (G.bulloides) [per mil vs. V-PDB] Column 6: Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) Column 7: Mg/Ca SST (ºC) Column 8: d18Ow [per mil vs. V-SMOW] Core Depth Age YearAD d18O Mg/Ca Mg/CaSST d18Ow M200309 0.5 -0.048 1998 1.38 2.31 12.94 0.59 M200309 1.5 -0.037 1987 1.34 1.973 10.99 0.07 M200309 2.5 -0.025 1975 1.31 1.901 10.53 -0.08 M200309 3.5 -0.012 1962 1.71 1.887 10.44 0.3 M200309 4.5 0.001 1949 1.61 2.038 11.39 0.43 M200309 5.5 0.014 1936 1.31 2.394 13.38 0.63 M200309 6.5 0.026 1924 1.25 1.836 10.1 -0.25 M200309 7.5 0.039 1911 1.54 2.387 13.34 0.85 M200309 8.5 0.052 1898 1.22 2.406 13.44 0.56 M200309 9.5 0.065 1885 1.08 2.211 12.4 0.15 M200309 10.5 0.079 1871 1.39 2.294 12.85 0.58 M200309 11.5 0.115 1835 1.33 2.349 13.15 0.6 M200309 12.5 0.151 1799 1.25 2.647 14.62 0.88 M200309 13.5 0.187 1763 1.8 2.547 14.14 1.31 M200309 14.5 0.223 1727 1.34 2.32 12.99 0.56 M200309 15.5 0.259 1691 1.13 2.666 14.71 0.78 M200309 16.5 0.295 1655 1 2.612 14.46 0.59 M200309 17.5 0.332 1618 1.33 2.564 14.23 0.86 M200309 18.5 0.368 1582 1.51 2.472 13.78 0.93 ENAM9606 0.5 0.39 1560 1.28 2.075 11.61 0.15 ENAM9606 1.5 0.403 1547 1.33 2.132 11.95 0.29 ENAM9606 2.5 0.415 1535 1.33 2.258 12.66 0.47 ENAM9606 3.5 0.428 1522 1.31 2.313 12.96 0.53 ENAM9606 4.5 0.44 1510 1.22 2.359 13.19 0.5 ENAM9606 5.5 0.453 1497 1.11 2.032 11.35 -0.08 ENAM9606 6.5 0.465 1485 1.03 2.035 11.37 -0.15 ENAM9606 7.5 0.478 1472 1.33 2.204 12.36 0.4 ENAM9606 8.5 0.49 1460 1.36 2.09 11.7 0.26 ENAM9606 9.5 0.502 1448 1.18 2.174 12.19 0.2 ENAM9606 10.5 0.514 1436 1.01 2.307 12.92 0.21 ENAM9606 11.5 0.526 1424 0.93 2.26 12.67 0.08 ENAM9606 12.5 0.537 1413 0.91 2.408 13.45 0.25 ENAM9606 13.5 0.549 1401 0.95 2.556 14.19 0.48 ENAM9606 14.5 0.561 1389 1.09 2.158 12.1 0.09 ENAM9606 15.5 0.572 1378 1.15 2.37 13.25 0.44 ENAM9606 16.5 0.584 1366 0.86 2.532 14.07 0.36 ENAM9606 17.5 0.596 1354 1.11 2.386 13.34 0.42 ENAM9606 18.5 0.608 1342 0.87 2.635 14.56 0.49 ENAM9606 19.5 0.621 1329 0.82 2.229 12.5 -0.08 ENAM9606 20.5 0.633 1317 0.97 2.331 13.05 0.21 ENAM9606 21.5 0.646 1304 1.16 2.456 13.69 0.56 ENAM9606 22.5 0.659 1291 0.83 2.62 14.49 0.42 ENAM9606 23.5 0.673 1277 1.06 2.375 13.28 0.35 ENAM9606 24.5 0.687 1263 0.92 2.612 14.45 0.51 ENAM9606 25.5 0.701 1249 0.86 2.587 14.34 0.42 ENAM9606 26.5 0.716 1234 0.96 2.29 12.83 0.15 ENAM9606 27.5 0.73 1220 0.99 2.635 14.56 0.61 ENAM9606 28.5 0.746 1204 0.87 2.498 13.91 0.32 ENAM9606 29.5 0.762 1188 1.04 2.356 13.18 0.31 ENAM9606 30.5 0.778 1172 1.11 2.518 14 0.58 ENAM9606 31.5 0.794 1156 1.18 2.744 15.06 0.92 ENAM9606 32.5 0.811 1139 1.05 2.615 14.47 0.65 ENAM9606 33.5 0.829 1121 1.04 2.435 13.59 0.41 ENAM9606 34.5 0.847 1103 1.02 2.589 14.35 0.58 ENAM9606 35.5 0.865 1085 1.23 2.553 14.17 0.75 ENAM9606 36.5 0.884 1066 1.13 2.525 14.04 0.61 ENAM9606 37.5 0.903 1047 1.17 2.292 12.84 0.35 ENAM9606 38.5 0.923 1027 1.06 2.371 13.26 0.35 ENAM9606 39.5 0.944 1006 1.07 2.433 13.58 0.44 ENAM9606 40.5 0.964 986 0.84 2.611 14.45 0.43 ENAM9606 41.5 0.986 964 0.83 2.613 14.46 0.42 ENAM9606 42.5 1.007 943 1.16 2.566 14.24 0.7 ENAM9606 43.5 1.03 920 1.26 2.318 12.98 0.48 ENAM9606 44.5 1.053 897 1.03 2.475 13.79 0.45 ENAM9606 45.5 1.076 874 1.01 2.559 14.2 0.54 ENAM9606 46.5 1.099 851 0.91 2.71 14.91 0.62 ENAM9606 47.5 1.123 827 0.71 2.663 14.69 0.36 ENAM9606 48.5 1.148 802 0.84 2.568 14.24 0.38 ENAM9606 49.5 1.173 777 1.07 2.652 14.64 0.7 ENAM9606 50.5 1.199 751 0.96 2.804 15.33 0.76 ENAM9606 51.5 1.224 726 1 2.263 12.68 0.14 ENAM9606 52.5 1.251 699 0.96 2.434 13.58 0.33 ENAM9606 53.5 1.278 672 0.72 2.361 13.21 0 ENAM9606 54.5 1.305 645 0.92 2.556 14.19 0.45 ENAM9606 55.5 1.333 617 0.77 2.507 13.95 0.23 ENAM9606 56.5 1.361 589 0.9 2.443 13.63 0.28 ENAM9606 57.5 1.39 560 0.71 2.737 15.03 0.44 ENAM9606 58.5 1.419 531 0.74 2.648 14.62 0.38 ENAM9606 59.5 1.449 501 1.02 2.779 15.22 0.8 ENAM9606 60.5 1.479 471 1.08 2.44 13.62 0.46 ENAM9606 61.5 1.51 440 1 2.414 13.48 0.34 ENAM9606 62.5 1.541 409 0.82 2.629 14.54 0.43 ENAM9606 63.5 1.573 377 1.09 2.758 15.13 0.85 ENAM9606 64.5 1.605 345 0.9 2.516 13.99 0.37 ENAM9606 65.5 1.638 312 1.06 2.877 15.65 0.94 ENAM9606 66.5 1.671 279 1.12 2.881 15.66 1.01 ENAM9606 67.5 1.705 245 0.92 2.607 14.43 0.51 ENAM9606 68.5 1.738 212 1.1 2.873 15.63 0.98 ENAM9606 69.5 1.773 177 1.03 2.833 15.46 0.87 ENAM9606 70.5 1.807 143 1.16 2.431 13.57 0.52 ENAM9606 71.5 1.842 108 0.84 2.337 13.08 0.09 ENAM9606 72.5 1.878 72 0.56 2.726 14.98 0.29 ENAM9606 73.5 1.913 37 0.76 2.567 14.24 0.3 ENAM9606 74.5 1.949 1 0.99 2.726 14.98 0.71 ENAM9606 75.5 1.986 -36 1.01 2.386 13.34 0.32 ENAM9606 76.5 2.022 -72 1 2.795 15.29 0.8 ENAM9606 77.5 2.059 -109 0.8 2.697 14.85 0.48 ENAM9606 78.5 2.095 -145 0.73 2.648 14.62 0.36 ENAM9606 79.5 2.132 -182 1.05 2.74 15.04 0.79 ENAM9606 80.5 2.169 -219 0.68 2.448 13.65 0.07 ENAM9606 81.5 2.206 -256 0.96 2.479 13.81 0.39 ENAM9606 82.5 2.244 -294 0.76 2.719 14.95 0.47 ENAM9606 83.5 2.281 -331 1.1 2.832 15.45 0.94 ENAM9606 84.5 2.318 -368 0.83 2.874 15.64 0.71