# Eastern Tropical Pacific ODP1242 2.3Ma d15N Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17916 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/robinson2014/robinson2014.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Paleoceanography #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-01-27 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Eastern Tropical Pacific ODP1242 2.3Ma d15N Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Robinson, R.S.; Etourneau, J.; Martinez, P.M.; Schneider, R. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Nitrogen isotope (d15N) and percent Nitrogen data from Eastern Tropical Pacific # Ocean Drilling Program core ODP1242 for the Pleistocene and Holocene (past 2.3 million years). #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Rebecca S. Robinson, Johan Etourneau, Philippe M. Martinez, Ralph Schneider # Published_Date_or_Year: 2014-03-01 # Published_Title: Expansion of pelagic denitrification during early Pleistocene cooling # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 389 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 52-61 # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.022 # Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X13007280 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Bioavailable nitrogen is removed from the oceans in oxygen-deficient benthic and pelagic environments by denitrification. Future warming is predicted to reduce ocean oxygenation and to cause hypoxic regions to expand, potentially accelerating denitrification. A compilation of high-resolution sedimentary nitrogen isotope (dN15) records from the eastern tropical Pacific, North Pacific, and the Arabian Sea, and a global multi-site survey are presented as evidence for weak pelagic denitrification at the end of the Pliocene warm period. Mean dN15 values increased in the major oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) between 2.1 and 1.5 Ma. Pelagic denitrification strengthened during a period of long term global cooling, despite solubility driven increases in initial oxygen contents of Antarctic intermediate and Subantarctic mode waters ventilating the OMZs. This trend is opposite to the predicted mean trend for a cooling ocean as well as to the observed glacial-interglacial variation. Several alternatives to explain the shift are proposed, including a rise in net respiration, a progressive increase in the ventilation age of the deep ocean associated with million year scale, secular cooling, and a shoaling of the remotely ventilated thermocline to shallow depths corresponding to the zone of peak subsurface respiration. Given no evidence for a net increase in production, we assert that large-scale, climate-driven changes in ocean circulation regulate long timescale variations in the extent of pelagic denitrification. Additional data and modeling are required to fully explain the observations. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1060779 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: USSSAC # Grant: Post-cruise support #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: CNRS # Grant: ECLIPSE #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: ODP1242 # Location: Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 7.8559 # Southernmost_Latitude: 7.8559 # Easternmost_Longitude: -83.6067 # Westernmost_Longitude: -83.6067 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Robinson2014ODP1242d15N # Earliest_Year: 2327970 # Most_Recent_Year: 990 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # Age estimates are based on biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic ages # and the timescale of Lourens et al. (2004). # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##depth_cm depth, , , cm, , , , ,N ##age_calkaBP age, , , calendar Kyears before present, , , , ,N ##d15N delta 15N, , , per mil v. air, , , average, ,N ##N% Nitrogen percent, , , percent, , , average, ,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # depth_cm age_calkaBP d15N N% 3 0.99 6.55 0.34 7 1.45 6.04 0.33 11 1.91 5.78 0.31 11 1.91 6.15 0.34 15 2.22 6.08 0.32 19 2.41 6.65 0.3 23 2.83 6.51 0.29 27 3.26 6.87 0.31 31 3.48 6.61 0.29 32 3.5 6.64 0.3 35 3.73 7.09 0.29 39 4 6.84 0.28 43 4.64 7.04 0.28 47 5.39 6.78 0.27 51 5.8 6.94 0.25 55 6.12 6.79 0.26 59 6.44 6.66 0.25 60 6.5 6.6 0.29 63 6.75 7.02 0.26 67 6.95 6.81 0.25 71 7.34 6.77 0.26 75 7.83 7.17 0.25 79 8.07 7.16 0.26 83 8.22 7.41 0.24 85 8.25 7.49 0.25 87 8.32 7.15 0.25 91 8.44 6.51 0.24 95 8.59 6.97 0.24 99 8.69 6.97 0.25 103 8.79 6.74 0.25 107 8.97 6.99 0.24 111 9.21 7.05 0.24 115 9.42 7.12 0.24 119 9.57 7.07 0.25 123 9.71 7.39 0.25 127 9.85 7.08 0.26 131 10.02 6.8 0.25 135 10.22 7.2 0.26 139 10.46 7.17 0.26 143 10.61 6.93 0.27 152 11.23 7.07 0.28 156 11.43 7 0.28 160 11.54 6.59 0.28 164 11.72 6.26 0.28 168 11.96 7.12 0.29 172 12.21 6.74 0.28 176 12.64 6.96 0.27 180 13.21 6.43 0.26 184 13.65 5.76 0.26 185 13.75 6.54 0.27 188 14 6.11 0.26 192 14.35 6.64 0.26 196 14.57 6.93 0.27 200 14.67 6.74 0.25 204 14.99 6.8 0.31 208 15.33 7.21 0.31 212 15.48 6.44 0.31 216 15.65 6.75 0.32 220 15.91 5.7 0.35 224 16.16 6 0.33 228 16.35 5.67 0.36 232 16.55 5.96 0.36 236 16.83 5.59 0.35 236 16.83 6.23 0.38 240 17.23 5.47 0.33 244 17.62 4.98 0.3 248 17.92 5.16 0.32 252 18.15 5.15 0.32 256 18.31 4.59 0.31 260 18.4 5.04 0.32 260 18.4 4.33 0.34 264 18.52 5.27 0.33 268 18.67 4.75 0.3 272 18.81 5.12 0.34 276 19.12 4.77 0.34 280 19.41 4.73 0.34 284 19.54 4.75 0.34 285 19.62 4.66 0.33 288 19.84 4.47 0.33 292 20.15 4.47 0.32 296 20.38 4.81 0.32 303 20.75 4.89 0.34 307 20.93 3.93 0.31 311 21.13 4.54 0.33 315 21.5 4.49 0.34 319 21.81 4.4 0.32 323 21.92 4.08 0.31 327 22.14 4.43 0.33 331 22.44 4.79 0.33 335 22.74 4.65 0.35 339 22.99 4.75 0.31 343 23.2 5.03 0.33 347 23.39 4.67 0.32 351 23.56 4.68 0.32 355 23.83 4.47 0.32 359 24.06 4.55 0.32 363 24.17 4.63 0.34 367 24.29 4.93 0.32 371 24.4 4.51 0.29 375 24.52 4.47 0.29 379 24.72 4.56 0.29 383 25.01 4.67 0.28 383 25.01 3.76 0.29 387 25.32 4.65 0.28 391 25.61 5.13 0.29 395 25.84 5.17 0.27 399 26.3 5.08 0.29 403 27.22 5.43 0.3 407 28.22 5.2 0.28 407 28.22 6.27 0.28 411 28.9 5.65 0.28 415 29.18 5.06 0.27 419 29.27 4.89 0.27 423 29.37 5.42 0.27 427 29.53 5.16 0.28 431 29.78 4.67 0.28 435 30.07 4.7 0.27 439 30.51 4.94 0.28 439 30.51 4.41 0.28 443 30.95 5.01 0.29 447 31.39 4.88 0.28 460 32.82 5.99 0.28 510 38.31 5.74 0.28 535 41.06 6.46 0.25 558 43.58 6.79 0.27 582 46.22 6.22 0.43 670 55.89 7.17 0.33 760 65.78 7.14 0.22 912 82.49 7.35 0.24 960 87.76 4.49 0.22 998 91.94 4.47 0.24 1023 94.68 4.59 0.21 1048 97.43 5.56 0.41 1158 109.52 6.39 0.2 1186 112.6 6.38 0.21 1210 117.21 6.44 0.22 1234 121.82 7.1 0.22 1284 131.43 6.41 0.24 1308 136.04 7.04 1332 140.66 6.91 1360 146.04 6.76 1384 150.65 6.27 0.2 1435 160.45 6.34 1459 165.06 6.72 1487 170.45 6.33 0.2 1511 175.06 6.51 1517 176.21 5.91 0.15 1535 179.67 6.43 0.2 1542 181.02 6.49 0.2 1559 184.28 5.11 1585 189.28 6.91 1609 193.89 6.82 0.16 1683 208.12 7.32 0.19 1735 218.11 8.08 0.29 1759 222.72 7.23 0.23 1783 227.34 8.02 0.24 1807 231.95 6.25 0.24 1834 237.14 6.86 0.22 1858 241.75 6.19 0.22 1885 243.35 6.62 0.19 1909 261.95 7.26 1934 263.44 5.74 0.15 1958 264.86 6.44 0.2 1985 266.46 6.54 2009 267.88 5.7 2033 269.3 6.99 2051 270.37 7.22 0.18 2061 270.96 7.21 0.17 2075 271.79 6.15 0.22 2085 272.38 6.86 2109 273.8 6.43 2210 279.79 5.85 2234 281.21 7.14 2258 282.63 7.92 2286 284.29 7.18 0.22 2310 285.71 6.78 2333 287.07 6.43 0.21 2361 288.73 7.43 2385 290.15 6.56 0.18 2410 291.64 6.88 2436 293.18 6.95 0.18 2461 294.66 8.07 2485 296.08 8.46 0.22 2510 297.56 8.17 0.24 2536 299.1 7.28 0.24 2560 300.52 6.93 2585 302 7.96 0.18 2612 303.6 7.25 2636 305.02 7.64 0.19 2664 306.68 7.37 2677 307.45 7.47 0.22 2702 308.93 7.14 0.18 2726 310.36 5.79 0.26 2750 311.78 8.75 0.21 2775 313.26 7.13 0.2 2835 316.81 7.54 0.17 2863 318.47 9.93 0.19 2888 319.95 7.81 0.27 2912 321.37 7.95 0.23 2960 324.22 6.7 0.2 2984 325.64 8.33 0.21 3010 327.18 6.72 0.2 3034 328.6 7.21 0.2 3061 330.2 7.45 0.12 3086 331.68 6.63 0.22 3110 333.1 7.37 0.24 3135 334.59 6.2 0.2 3160 336.07 4.62 0.16 3185 337.55 5.53 0.15 3209 338.97 4.53 0.17 3226 339.98 5.53 0.2 3335 346.43 6.72 0.19 3388 349.57 7.3 0.21 3436 352.42 7.41 0.29 3485 355.32 6.02 0.21 3510 356.8 6.79 0.23 3539 358.52 5.82 0.21 3611 362.78 5.69 0.19 3635 364.21 6.51 0.19 3689 367.41 7.18 0.19 3835 376.05 6.7 0.14 3848 376.82 6.03 0.21 3873 378.31 6.61 0.15 4035 387.9 6.44 0.19 4060 389.38 8.23 0.19 4087 390.98 7.09 0.21 4102 391.87 5.85 0.19 4111 392.41 6.52 0.25 4160 395.31 7.52 0.17 4185 396.79 6.39 0.14 4260 401.23 5.8 0.2 4285 402.71 7.06 0.27 4310 404.19 6.94 0.15 4335 405.68 6.36 0.17 4360 407.16 6.36 0.19 4435 411.6 7.32 0.29 4460 413.08 6.93 0.16 4485 414.56 7.16 0.16 4510 416.04 5.24 0.2 4534 417.46 5.84 0.19 4560 419 6.01 0.2 4585 420.49 6.09 0.18 4610 421.97 7.74 0.15 4635 423.45 6.27 0.18 4647 424.16 6.99 0.15 4660 424.93 6.58 0.18 4685 426.41 6.21 0.15 4696 427.06 8.55 0.17 4724 428.72 8.56 0.16 4787 432.45 6.65 0.16 4810 433.82 8.27 0.09 4834 435.24 7.01 0.18 4910 439.74 7.41 0.29 4934 441.16 5.22 0.26 4937 441.34 9.09 0.26 4950 442.11 4.9 0.22 4985 444.18 6.03 0.19 5014 445.9 5.44 0.2 5111 451.65 5.98 0.17 5135 453.07 5.98 0.21 5160 454.55 5.84 0.2 5183 455.91 5.07 0.24 5207 457.33 4.96 0.17 5239 459.23 6.31 0.14 5262 460.79 5.4 0.18 5286 462.68 6.09 0.15 5310 464.57 6.18 0.17 5335 466.53 5.88 0.17 5383 470.31 6.01 0.14 5412 472.59 5.67 0.2 5436 474.48 6.63 0.2 5485 478.34 5.68 0.23 5533 482.12 6.51 0.2 5546 483.14 6.07 0.16 5570 485.03 6.36 0.16 5731 497.7 6.3 0.17 5810 503.92 6.82 0.2 5882 509.59 6.33 0.2 5906 511.48 6.46 0.18 5944 514.47 6.15 0.21 6060 523.6 7.44 0.17 6285 541.31 6.28 0.16 6410 551.15 6.31 0.16 6531 560.67 7.54 0.17 6535 560.99 6.32 0.18 6555 562.56 6.75 0.21 6579 564.45 6.53 0.21 6685 572.79 6.92 0.17 6710 574.76 7.17 0.18 6835 584.6 6.55 0.2 6860 586.57 5.73 0.13 6906 590.19 6.84 0.21 6960 594.44 8.68 0.1 7035 600.34 7.64 0.09 7060 602.31 7.08 0.11 7085 604.28 5.7 0.18 7110 606.24 7.54 0.1 7133 608.05 8.26 0.11 7158 610.02 8.39 0.14 7185 612.15 8.02 0.16 7235 616.08 8.5 0.17 7259 617.97 8.11 0.13 7313 622.22 6.85 0.12 7335 623.95 6.82 0.2 7360 625.92 5.94 0.17 7410 629.86 5.5 0.19 7458 633.64 5.99 0.15 7485 635.76 6.55 0.08 7510 637.73 6.27 0.16 7535 639.7 5.7 0.15 7539 640.01 6.3 0.17 7613 645.84 6.56 0.19 7854 664.81 7.07 0.14 7879 666.77 7.97 0.18 7885 667.25 6.76 0.21 8010 677.08 8.56 0.14 8439 710.85 5.51 0.17 8583 722.19 6.73 0.16 8809 739.97 6.8 0.13 8855 743.59 10.14 0.18 8885 745.96 8.77 0.38 8909 747.84 8.78 0.17 9060 759.73 10.01 0.1 9069 760.44 6.73 0.17 9385 785.31 5.31 0.13 9510 795.15 7.41 0.14 9569 799.79 9.48 0.16 9610 803.02 6.18 0.19 9684 808.85 9.36 0.07 9910 826.63 8.48 0.09 9960 830.57 9.19 0.14 10019 835.21 8.65 0.17 10069 839.15 8.78 0.16 10160 846.31 5.4 0.22 10185 848.28 5.02 0.2 10209 850.17 5.77 0.18 10261 854.26 6.51 0.17 10285 856.15 6.02 0.14 10335 860.09 5.94 0.16 10384 863.94 6.8 0.13 10428 867.41 7.75 0.14 10460 869.93 7.87 0.14 10485 871.89 7.89 0.25 10537 875.99 8.19 0.15 10561 877.87 7.62 0.12 10660 884.9 7.13 0.24 10757 891.51 8.07 0.15 10760 891.71 8.41 0.17 10781 893.14 7.41 0.26 10831 896.55 8.68 0.12 10935 903.63 8.49 0.15 10960 905.33 8.56 0.15 11085 913.84 9.94 0.16 11110 915.54 8.36 0.2 11135 917.25 8.7 0.21 11145 917.93 8.04 11185 920.65 10.11 0.18 11260 925.76 8.5 0.18 11310 929.16 9.09 11335 930.87 6.9 11360 932.57 8.61 11385 934.27 8.4 11434 937.61 7.97 11460 939.38 7.09 0.17 11485 941.08 7.19 11510 942.78 6.48 11535 944.48 6.3 0.15 11560 946.19 6.43 11585 947.89 7.44 11660 953 7.55 0.22 11685 954.7 8.28 0.18 11750 959.12 6.34 11910 970.02 6.82 0.17 11935 971.72 7.1 11960 973.42 7.6 12110 983.64 6.05 12135 985.34 5.57 0.21 12285 995.55 8.58 12335 998.96 7.94 12425 1005.09 6.24 0 12475 1008.49 6.21 0.17 12560 1014.28 7.59 0.16 12585 1015.98 5.87 0.13 12660 1022.03 7.34 0.18 12685 1025.21 7.54 0.16 12735 1031.57 8.68 0.16 12810 1041.1 7.77 0.14 12835 1044.28 6.03 0.16 12909 1053.69 7.63 12985 1063.35 7.18 13305 1087.58 8.06 0.14 13330 1088.59 6.99 0.15 13354 1089.55 6.36 0.17 13460 1093.8 6.82 0.13 13587 1098.9 8.22 0.13 13710 1103.84 7.71 0.19 14060 1117.88 5.76 0.2 14210 1123.9 6.86 0.14 14328 1128.64 6.48 0.18 14352 1129.6 7.65 0.15 14360 1129.92 5.39 0.13 14485 1134.94 8.31 0.34 14560 1137.95 7.68 0.16 14610 1139.95 6.85 0.34 14635 1140.96 8.19 0.13 14710 1143.97 6.72 0.17 14735 1144.97 7.74 0.16 14873 1150.51 6.71 0.14 15010 1156.01 6.74 0.15 15160 1162.03 6.36 0.14 15256 1165.88 8.62 15410 1172.06 8.58 15435 1173.06 8.7 15460 1174.07 9.55 15486 1175.11 8.59 15511 1176.11 8.61 15585 1179.08 7.9 15610 1180.09 8.62 15685 1183.1 8 15710 1184.1 7.71 15735 1185.1 8.29 0.12 15760 1186.1 8 15785 1187.11 8.33 0.13 15809 1188.07 7.54 15835 1189.11 7.34 0.13 15860 1190.12 7.69 15885 1191.12 8.06 15910 1192.12 7.92 15960 1194.13 6.68 0.14 16085 1199.15 7.25 0.13 16235 1205.17 8.02 0.13 16285 1207.17 3.72 16536 1217.25 5.96 0.17 16688 1223.35 6.3 0.14 16723 1224.75 8.54 0.3 16810 1228.24 7.44 0.34 16885 1231.25 5.29 0.18 17035 1237.27 5.93 0.13 17160 1245.58 8.07 0.31 17345 1263.68 6.15 0.16 17485 1277.38 5.94 0.17 17710 1299.4 7.91 0.36 17785 1306.74 5.93 0.14 17911 1319.07 6.09 0.19 17960 1323.86 6.75 0.3 17985 1326.31 5.48 0.3 18034 1331.1 5.01 0.14 18110 1338.54 6.75 0.3 18210 1348.33 7.05 0.36 18303 1357.43 7.5 0.13 18328 1359.87 7.23 0.14 18353 1362.32 8.14 18409 1367.8 7.99 18436 1370.44 7.79 18460 1372.79 8 18485 1375.24 6.31 0.15 18510 1377.68 7.41 18559 1382.48 8.25 0.19 18584 1384.93 7.38 18611 1387.57 7.45 18635 1389.92 5.89 0.18 18660 1392.36 6.82 0.12 18685 1394.81 7.3 0.26 18710 1397.26 8.41 0.16 18734 1399.6 6.61 0.17 18759 1402.05 8.61 0.16 18784 1404.5 6.7 0.16 18811 1407.14 6.61 0.15 18835 1409.49 6.82 18859 1411.84 5.03 0.09 18861 1412.03 4.42 0.11 18872 1413.11 7.71 0.16 18910 1416.83 8.41 0.14 18961 1421.82 7.36 0.15 19034 1428.96 6.42 0.19 19110 1436.4 6.6 0.14 19135 1438.84 5.13 0.11 19260 1450.85 8.09 0.3 19310 1454.73 4.49 0.09 19360 1458.61 5.79 0.17 19385 1460.55 5.99 0.17 19434 1464.35 6.37 0.15 19460 1466.37 5.74 0.18 19485 1468.31 5.59 0.16 19512 1470.4 6.76 0.15 19535 1472.19 6.87 0.14 19585 1476.07 5.93 0.15 19610 1478.01 6.31 0.15 20635 1557.52 5.88 0.2 20660 1559.46 6.44 0.26 20685 1561.4 6.36 0.19 20710 1563.34 6.78 0.33 20734 1565.2 5.47 0.19 20760 1567.22 6.03 0.29 20885 1576.92 5.68 0.28 20910 1578.86 6.27 0.24 20935 1580.8 6.17 0.22 20985 1584.68 6.95 0.3 21005 1586.23 6.55 0.16 21035 1588.55 6.65 0.18 21060 1590.49 6.41 0.16 21110 1594.37 7.15 0.33 21135 1596.31 5.71 0.18 21160 1598.25 5.68 0.21 21185 1600.19 5.31 0.3 21210 1602.13 5.96 0.25 21310 1609.89 6.73 0.32 21878 1653.95 5.04 0.16 21960 1660.31 5 0.18 22087 1670.17 5.35 0.14 22110 1671.95 5.48 0.35 22135 1673.89 6.66 0.3 22210 1679.71 5.05 0.31 22237 1681.8 6.67 0.27 22410 1695.23 4.99 0.12 22510 1702.98 5.6 0.13 22544 1705.62 5.37 0.13 22635 1712.68 5.86 0.11 22685 1716.56 5.98 0.13 22835 1728.2 5.24 0.15 23086 1747.67 5.32 0.17 23337 1767.14 5.85 0.16 23435 1774.74 5.83 0.1 23485 1778.62 6.33 0.16 23585 1786.38 5.25 0.11 23635 1790.26 5.74 0.12 23660 1792.2 4.77 0.11 23708 1795.92 5.58 0.14 23860 1807.71 5.3 0.13 23885 1809.65 4.86 0.13 24160 1830.99 4.97 0.13 24210 1834.87 3.82 0.11 24230 1836.42 5.9 0.14 24385 1848.44 3.61 0.13 24560 1862.02 4.8 0.12 24710 1873.66 5.14 0.13 24935 1891.11 4.37 0.14 25085 1902.75 4.85 0.14 25235 1914.38 4.88 0.13 25260 1916.32 4.45 0.13 25410 1927.96 4.59 0.11 25460 1931.84 5.47 0.11 25510 1935.72 5.3 0.11 25535 1937.66 5.95 0.11 25560 1939.6 4.01 0.11 25575 1940.76 5.24 0.1 25690 1949.68 4.4 0.11 25935 1984.8 5.35 0.11 26010 2001.4 4.89 0.1 26060 2012.47 4.87 0.09 26085 2018.01 5.74 0.09 26135 2029.08 4.72 0.11 26210 2045.68 4.91 0.09 26235 2051.22 4.81 0.11 26285 2062.29 3.5 0.08 26310 2067.82 5.47 0.09 26335 2073.36 5.21 0.09 26360 2078.89 5.2 0.08 26505 2111 4.47 0.09 26510 2112.1 5.9 0.07 26685 2150.85 4.27 0.09 26835 2184.06 4.97 0.08 26969 2213.73 5.5 0.08 26985 2217.27 4.93 0.09 26994 2219.26 5.46 0.08 27019 2224.8 5.24 0.08 27185 2261.55 5.57 0.08 27260 2278.15 4.69 0.08 27335 2294.76 4.79 0.08 27485 2327.97 4.58 0.09