Southern Ocean Heinrich Event Alkenone Productivity Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Southern Ocean Heinrich Event Alkenone Productivity Data LAST UPDATE: 5/2006 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Julian P. Sachs, University of Washington IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2006-054 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Sachs, J.P. and R.F. Anderson. 2006. Southern Ocean Heinrich Event Alkenone Productivity Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2006-054. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Sachs, J.P. and R.F. Anderson. 2005. Increased productivity in the subantarctic ocean during Heinrich events. Nature, Vol. 434, pp. 1118 - 1121, 28 April 2005. ABSTRACT: Massive iceberg discharges from the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, 'Heinrich events', coincided with the coldest periods of the last ice age. There is widespread evidence for Heinrich events and their profound impact on the climate and circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean, but their influence beyond that region remains uncertain. Here we use a combination of molecular fingerprints of algal productivity and radioisotope tracers of sedimentation to document eight periods of increased productivity in the subpolar Southern Ocean during the past 70,000 years that occurred within 1,000–2,000 years of a Northern Hemisphere Heinrich event. We discuss possible causes for such a link, including increased supply of iron from upwelling and increased stratification during the growing season, which imply an alteration of the global ocean circulation during Heinrich events. The mechanisms linking North Atlantic iceberg discharges with subantarctic productivity remain unclear at this point. We suggest that understanding how the Southern Ocean was altered during these extreme climate perturbations is critical to understanding the role of the ocean in climate change. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Southern Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 70 - 10 KYrBP FUNDING SOURCE: National Science Foundation (USA). DESCRIPTION: Algal productivity in the southwest Pacific east of New Zealand was inferred from the sedimentary concentration of alkenones, C37 methyl ketones unique to coccolithophorid algae, and brassicasterol (24-methylcholesta-5,22E-dien-3b-ol), a marker for diatoms. Alkenones were measured every 2 cm in the upper 10.39 m, and brassicasterol and n-octacosanol were measured every 2–4 cm between 4.74 and 10.01 m, of core MD97-2120, retrieved from the Chatham rise, east of the South Island of New Zealand, at 45deg. 32.06'S, 174deg. 55.85'E, in 1,210m. depth. Alkenone and brassicasterol concentrations exhibit distinct concentration maxima coinciding with each Heinrich event (or the Younger Dryas) within the uncertainty of the age model. DATA: Depth adjustment: a gap between 232-256cm depth in core caused by stretching has been closed by shifting the upper 232cm to greater depth by 22cm Age ka Depthcm Alk ng/g Brass ng/g C28-OH ng/g Alk/C28-OH 1.95 22.5 210.37 2.18 24.5 134.32 2.41 26.5 198.51 2.41 26.5 186.57 2.64 28.5 138.83 2.87 30.5 144.12 3.1 32.5 144.95 3.33 34.5 3.56 36.5 167.98 3.7 38.5 3.83 40.5 198.06 3.97 42.5 168.7 4.1 44.5 217.43 4.24 46.5 200.91 4.37 48.5 173.41 4.51 50.5 226.8 4.64 52.5 233.44 4.78 54.5 205.22 4.91 56.5 206.47 5.05 58.5 176.09 5.19 60.5 243.08 5.32 62.5 187.65 5.32 62.5 201.78 5.46 64.5 271.73 5.59 66.5 258.14 5.73 68.5 254.24 5.86 70.5 277.84 6 72.5 224.96 6.13 74.5 250.05 6.27 76.5 295.7 6.41 78.5 402.23 6.54 80.5 316.65 6.68 82.5 412.9 6.81 84.5 277.56 6.95 86.5 212.22 7.08 88.5 215.13 7.22 90.5 185.23 7.35 92.5 191.08 7.49 94.5 250.9 7.62 96.5 239.9 7.76 98.5 221.63 7.84 100.5 245.91 7.92 102.5 200.04 7.92 102.5 209.19 8.09 106.5 235.39 8.25 110.5 203.2 8.41 114.5 190.7 8.58 118.5 173.51 8.74 122.5 184.54 8.9 126.5 164.26 9.07 130.5 208.45 9.23 134.5 243.67 9.39 138.5 245.81 9.56 142.5 314.95 9.8 148.5 278.94 9.97 152.5 302.14 10.13 156.5 299.8 10.29 160.5 311.81 10.46 164.5 295.05 10.62 168.5 290.3 10.86 174.5 393.44 10.95 176.5 417.03 11.03 178.5 11.11 180.5 425.81 11.23 182.5 426.87 11.36 184.5 478.93 11.48 186.5 604.31 11.6 188.5 418.28 11.73 190.5 510.27 11.85 192.5 601.32 11.98 194.5 515.09 12.1 196.5 510.22 12.22 198.5 545.52 12.35 200.5 472.22 12.47 202.5 493.9 12.58 204.5 459.73 12.68 206.5 469.06 12.79 208.5 452.68 12.89 210.5 445.46 13.1 214.5 373.7 13.31 218.5 402.21 13.52 222.5 401.44 13.63 224.5 456.34 13.73 226.5 426.05 13.84 228.5 430.22 13.94 230.5 438.83 13.98 232.5 451.15 14.01 234.5 428.33 14.05 236.5 469.63 14.09 238.5 520.57 14.13 240.5 492.23 14.16 242.5 494.12 14.2 244.5 510.64 14.24 246.5 485.53 14.28 248.5 482.76 14.31 250.5 516.55 14.35 252.5 556.46 14.5 254.5 519.59 14.65 256.5 553.41 14.8 258.5 529.52 14.95 260.5 468.84 15.1 262.5 476.18 15.25 264.5 492.38 15.39 266.5 510.98 15.54 268.5 436.1 15.69 270.5 509.54 15.84 272.5 447.01 15.99 274.5 381.41 16.22 277.5 347.07 16.29 278.5 332.93 16.44 280.5 306.92 16.59 282.5 301.29 16.73 284.5 253.31 16.83 286.5 223.79 16.83 286.5 339.29 16.93 288.5 388.11 17.03 290.5 307.58 17.13 292.5 249.32 17.23 294.5 210.21 17.33 296.5 226.66 17.43 298.5 188.27 17.64 302.5 205.97 17.74 304.5 220.82 17.84 306.5 219.56 17.94 308.5 227.2 18.04 310.5 230.69 18.14 312.5 224.49 18.24 314.5 208.52 18.35 316.5 219.9 18.45 318.5 213.9 18.55 320.5 216.21 18.65 322.5 200.05 18.75 324.5 186.96 18.85 326.5 183.3 18.95 328.5 184.65 19.05 330.5 184.63 19.16 332.5 189.26 19.26 334.5 190.04 19.36 336.5 177.44 19.46 338.5 208.71 19.56 340.5 200.64 19.66 342.5 233.09 19.76 344.5 244.24 19.87 346.5 19.97 348.5 243.05 20.07 350.5 20.17 352.5 255.66 20.27 354.5 205.83 20.37 356.5 226.23 20.57 360.5 20.68 362.5 218.43 20.78 364.5 208.15 20.88 366.5 238.93 20.98 368.5 233.23 21.08 370.5 312.47 21.18 372.5 384.63 21.28 374.5 410.68 21.38 376.5 379.27 21.49 378.5 375.12 21.59 380.5 382.35 21.69 382.5 360.88 21.79 384.5 405.63 21.89 386.5 289.82 21.99 388.5 283.23 22.09 390.5 235.86 22.19 392.5 308.04 22.3 394.5 269.33 22.4 396.5 255.44 22.5 398.5 285.3 22.6 400.5 266.13 22.7 402.5 270.17 22.8 404.5 253.63 22.9 406.5 258.8 23 408.5 313.14 23.11 410.5 269.79 23.21 412.5 252.23 23.31 414.5 250.58 23.41 416.5 236.27 23.51 418.5 322.25 23.61 420.5 267.07 23.71 422.5 251.79 23.82 424.5 296.28 23.92 426.5 297.35 24.02 428.5 300.9 24.12 430.5 296.96 24.22 432.5 329.66 24.32 434.5 242.56 24.42 436.5 338.35 24.63 440.5 348.99 24.73 442.5 330.17 24.83 444.5 292.78 24.93 446.5 330.82 25.03 448.5 294.23 25.23 452.5 297.34 25.33 454.5 268.33 25.44 456.5 243.64 25.54 458.5 157.57 25.64 460.5 228.59 25.74 462.5 167.91 25.84 464.5 177.99 25.94 466.5 159.84 26.04 468.5 148.27 26.14 470.5 93.43 26.26 472.5 135.84 26.39 474.5 104.99 97.45740971 1.08 26.52 476.5 26.64 478.5 117.16 125.8031924 0.93 26.8 481 109.95 26.89 482.5 112.37 67.95 169.166099 0.66 27.02 484.5 95.48 57.72 156.0919178 0.61 27.15 486.5 126.17 57.29 158.4103245 0.8 27.27 488.5 111.84 42.31 144.50837 0.77 27.4 490.5 116.59 25.35 123.1187626 0.95 27.52 492.5 104.41 27.65 494.5 151.75 62.42 147.8169266 1.03 27.78 496.5 135.31 27.9 498.5 168.47 59.47 136.341291 1.24 28.03 500.5 195.31 42.37 132.8354509 1.47 28.15 502.5 242.64 59.63 148.3788082 1.64 28.28 504.5 183.17 28.41 506.5 283.13 58.01 151.6754218 1.87 28.53 508.5 203.27 28.66 510.5 243.7 56.54 159.5319838 1.53 28.78 512.5 193.41 44.1 139.3788235 1.39 28.91 514.5 216.74 55.35 132.0111748 1.64 29.03 516.5 169.77 34.18 111.0157676 1.53 29.16 518.5 278.11 57.61 142.9064874 1.95 29.29 520.5 200.42 37.02 117.4191588 1.71 29.41 522.5 187.41 30.58 113.1089584 1.66 29.54 524.5 223.38 52.94 125.2313971 1.78 29.68 526.5 204.55 29.82 528.5 199.46 29.96 530.5 153.36 16.74 77.89552391 1.97 30.11 532.5 104.61 30.25 534.5 188.58 13.83 99.47297506 1.9 30.39 536.5 180.5 30.54 538.5 119.08 28.71 103.6584538 1.15 30.68 540.5 115.08 28.58 93.72747121 1.23 30.82 542.5 135.09 78.38687277 1.72 30.97 544.5 102.08 74.24501228 1.37 31.11 546.5 149.75 33.07 112.9736844 1.33 31.25 548.5 130.03 30.21 105.1298056 1.24 31.4 550.5 131.77 30.42 93.61150971 1.41 31.54 552.5 142.4 88.06659214 1.62 31.68 554.5 146.84 35.6 102.9654496 1.43 31.83 556.5 123.94 31.97 558.5 129.41 70.87649737 1.83 32.11 560.5 136.31 34.66 109.2782677 1.25 32.26 562.5 134.55 32.02 104.7236091 1.28 32.4 564.5 116.74 72.42478706 1.61 32.54 566.5 106.47 70.85299181 1.5 32.69 568.5 117.48 79.37589554 1.48 32.83 570.5 117.73 97.61656535 1.21 32.97 572.5 177.67 125.5904573 1.41 33.07 574.5 135.05 75.32485303 1.79 33.14 576.5 141.91 16.39 107.9187485 1.31 33.22 578.5 134.93 24.34 97.21413353 1.39 33.29 580.5 114.45 20.32 93.82935413 1.22 33.37 582.5 116.29 17.99 103.3618328 1.13 33.44 584.5 111.44 19.6 88.16016706 1.26 33.52 586.5 117.74 27.93 89.40451851 1.32 33.59 588.5 130.98 67.1145771 1.95 33.67 590.5 111.53 33.74 592.5 183.51 29.41 88.5970637 2.07 33.82 594.5 162.39 30.37 76.87120684 2.11 33.89 596.5 139.6 33.97 598.5 148.93 34.19 604.5 133.86 34.27 606.5 136.5 34.34 608.5 106.19 34.42 610.5 102.24 34.49 612.5 133.61 34.57 614.5 118.99 27.51 85.77056981 1.39 34.64 616.5 116.47 26.21 91.0690109 1.28 34.72 618.5 132.48 18.44 80.30939903 1.65 34.79 620.5 191.41 34.87 622.5 149.98 83.75844963 1.79 34.94 624.5 225.02 35.02 626.5 182.7 31.6 106.4321211 1.72 35.09 628.5 180.02 35.17 630.5 191.14 28.25 82.17073627 2.33 35.24 632.5 153.46 35.4 634.5 195.24 38.7 90.105382 2.17 35.59 636.5 181.85 35.03 78.43426979 2.32 35.78 638.5 203.6 41.31 89.0960074 2.29 35.97 640.5 178.43 30.16 74.87459799 2.38 36.16 642.5 184.74 37.19 79.06498312 2.34 36.35 644.5 185.63 36.54 646.5 198.68 36.73 648.5 163.48 19.73 74.65915615 2.19 36.92 650.5 270.11 37.11 652.5 178.12 30.12 94.18681498 1.89 37.3 654.5 446.25 37.49 656.5 213.39 33.08 104.4365771 2.04 37.68 658.5 392.51 37.86 660.5 332.34 38.05 662.5 289.13 28.73 96.13236358 3.01 38.24 664.5 389.6 42.4 120.5296794 3.23 38.43 666.5 411.19 52.85 116.4274744 3.53 38.62 668.5 399.39 48.59 123.7195858 3.23 38.81 670.5 312.66 46.26 115.5212621 2.71 39 672.5 407.07 39.65 120.1192914 3.39 39.19 674.5 139.48 39.38 676.5 238.6 39.57 678.5 196.11 31.89 95.04803586 2.06 39.76 680.5 185.61 32.17 105.4989414 1.76 39.95 682.5 152.85 32.55 78.64489576 1.94 40.13 684.5 124.88 24.69 85.25478288 1.46 40.31 686.5 179.07 36.36 87.05642681 2.06 40.49 688.5 123 30.83 89.90921794 1.37 40.67 690.5 159.93 43 92.62557574 1.73 40.84 692.5 111.37 31.61 99.80457122 1.12 41.02 694.5 163.61 40.44 98.64213746 1.66 41.2 696.5 107.58 22.24 118.9641743 0.9 41.38 698.5 155.73 45.21 108.1419794 1.44 41.56 700.5 151.46 41.73 702.5 152.77 41.91 704.5 163.54 42.09 706.5 163.74 31.75 87.66480158 1.87 42.27 708.5 200.78 41.79 92.62296372 2.17 42.45 710.5 196.47 42.63 712.5 203.14 34.45 98.56493688 2.06 42.8 714.5 226.74 42.98 716.5 254.87 35.77 106.7614107 2.39 43.16 718.5 277.08 31.91 120.6516524 2.3 43.34 720.5 347.99 43.52 722.5 209.2 43.69 724.5 193.33 43.87 726.5 233.01 44.05 728.5 223.15 30.72 97.49745672 2.29 44.23 730.5 236.95 28.88 103.3875335 2.29 44.41 732.5 256.87 44.59 734.5 375.26 39.55 97.20436732 3.86 44.76 736.5 409.5 32.22 104.3695147 3.92 44.92 738.5 426.38 37.46 95.18006791 4.48 45.06 740.5 441.77 45.2 742.5 598.69 46.05 107.0272166 5.59 45.35 744.5 618.22 30.41 99.62055892 6.21 45.49 746.5 683.81 63.51 125.8662284 5.43 45.63 748.5 614.19 45.77 750.5 562.24 56.04 121.8912577 4.61 45.92 752.5 409.19 45.62 120.0460566 3.41 46.06 754.5 341.91 46.2 756.5 287.69 34.02 115.0758762 2.5 46.35 758.5 292.65 23.21 104.5234588 2.8 46.49 760.5 306.25 25.44 85.95617491 3.56 46.63 762.5 226.56 46.77 764.5 292.9 43.33 46.92 766.5 244.56 47.2 770.5 301.52 98.38294088 3.06 47.34 772.5 231.3 33.65 97.26615164 2.38 47.49 774.5 270.57 26.82 113.8496507 2.38 48.03 778.5 251.55 17.74 81.18389066 3.1 48.33 780.5 293.33 65.86722977 4.45 48.63 782.5 242.31 48.93 784.5 300.05 32.72 94.18523743 3.19 49.24 786.5 200.01 49.54 788.5 306.12 30.49 92.86911241 3.3 49.84 790.5 273.3 26.54 72.47163446 3.77 50.14 792.5 264.07 50.44 794.5 290.82 38.7 90.97481672 3.2 50.74 796.5 274.38 26.11 90.58990272 3.03 51.04 798.5 374.55 27.33 89.86704094 4.17 51.35 800.5 420.98 35.47 89.17279793 4.72 51.65 802.5 319.92 51.95 804.5 376.54 34.04 100.4618595 3.75 52.25 806.5 470 50.95 118.2281099 3.98 52.55 808.5 504.12 52.85 810.5 641.92 72.18 143.3524834 4.48 53.15 812.5 431.46 72.32 140.2721576 3.08 53.46 814.5 445.12 47.92 134.7069506 3.3 53.76 816.5 286.94 43.75 104.446259 2.75 54.36 820.5 54.66 822.5 359.67 44.16 96.76828345 3.72 54.96 824.5 339.04 39.5 103.7830885 3.27 55.26 826.5 337.3 55.57 828.5 230.09 55.87 830.5 250.19 56.07 832.5 251.75 56.21 834.5 222.6 56.35 836.5 283.92 30.78 85.51383009 3.32 56.49 838.5 282.7 37.36 106.2487486 2.66 56.63 840.5 225.26 56.77 842.5 326.19 40.69 87.81612675 3.71 56.91 844.5 262.85 57.05 846.5 312.49 30.34 82.7478845 3.78 57.19 848.5 421.46 45.86 96.4106693 4.37 57.33 850.5 394.73 36.47 99.68206218 3.96 57.47 852.5 370.63 57.75 856.5 483.2 57.89 858.5 532.32 58.03 860.5 615.71 58.17 862.5 700.29 58.7 136.819792 5.12 58.31 864.5 630.4 58.46 866.5 637.11 62.73 125.616691 5.07 58.6 868.5 585.39 82.79 141.3668072 4.14 58.74 870.5 503.86 58.88 872.5 491.91 58.34 115.709083 4.25 59.02 874.5 491.69 50.54 119.6139208 4.11 59.16 876.5 425.6 59.3 878.5 463.71 52.12 109.7980859 4.22 59.44 880.5 316.96 59.58 882.5 588.23 55.61 128.6044791 4.57 59.72 884.5 395.57 57.45 123.2848137 3.21 59.86 886.5 363.53 60 888.5 433.32 60.14 890.5 445.04 55.24 130.8969258 3.4 60.28 892.5 430.86 60.42 894.5 369.04 55.93 114.2849505 3.23 60.56 896.5 314 40.17 107.1163407 2.93 60.7 898.5 274.71 60.84 900.5 289.98 75.55 113.3984889 2.56 60.98 902.5 214.29 61.12 904.5 204.17 50.47 61.26 906.5 219.83 61.4 908.5 145.28 12.88 57.75976846 2.52 61.54 910.5 158.6 20.61 73.13995284 2.17 61.69 912.5 189.58 61.83 914.5 185.56 25.16 84.61642716 2.19 61.97 916.5 168.03 23.46 86.44079052 1.94 62.11 918.5 197.41 27.64 96.2262087 2.05 62.25 920.5 307.31 62.39 922.5 165.46 21.52 91.45092968 1.81 62.53 924.5 277.31 80.13991302 3.46 62.67 926.5 217.4 21.88 81.90573688 2.65 62.81 928.5 251.31 62.95 930.5 318.3 15.39 82.25691451 3.87 63.09 932.5 314.63 63.23 934.5 324.8 29.5 102.0537393 3.18 63.37 936.5 285.66 63.51 938.5 312.33 15.82 88.51303117 3.53 63.79 942.5 158.26 32.89 89.50925459 1.77 64.21 948.5 64.49 952.5 224.75 23.09 91.10045746 2.47 64.77 956.5 161.99 43.14 86.46926772 1.87 65.06 960.5 192.83 21.7 80.20522227 2.4 65.2 962.5 184.32 31.1 89.22320632 2.07 65.34 964.5 27.1 84.05126692 65.48 966.5 111.12 37.29 86.90010681 1.28 65.62 968.5 173.05 31.96 91.77029753 1.89 65.76 970.5 115.84 33.39 88.23887137 1.31 65.9 972.5 195.67 22.89 82.59007138 2.37 66.04 974.5 88.11 50.01 84.57586084 1.04 66.18 976.5 120.14 43.35 82.85635387 1.45 66.32 978.5 100.58 34.08 78.33866954 1.28 66.46 980.5 35.07370807 66.74 984.5 135.56 21.71 48.47161045 2.8 66.88 986.5 85.33 17.69 46.16261567 1.85 67.02 988.5 121.88 19.37 64.89894378 1.88 67.16 990.5 81.04 19.51 50.89467793 1.59 67.3 992.5 185.2 29.44 76.0060827 2.44 67.44 994.5 118.99 27.87 59.36819093 2 67.58 996.5 98.86 20.1 47.34299868 2.09 67.72 998.5 90.91 20.82 49.77894394 1.83 67.86 1000.5 143.15 29.16 62.89274373 2.28 68 1002.5 149.88 68.15 1004.5 121.27 68.29 1006.5 156.19 68.43 1008.5 104.91 68.57 1010.5 137.49 68.71 1012.5 130.5 68.85 1014.5 154.69 68.99 1016.5 240.38 69.13 1018.5 115.03 69.27 1020.5 151.22 69.41 1022.5 145.59 69.55 1024.5 153.5 69.69 1026.5 138.42 69.83 1028.5 169.99 69.97 1030.5 199.55 70.11 1032.5 222.44 70.25 1034.5 165.79 70.39 1036.5 251.04 70.53 1038.5 181.85