Gulf Stream 2000 Year SST, d18Osw, and SSS Reconstructions ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Gulf Stream 2000 Year SST, d18Osw, and SSS Reconstructions LAST UPDATE: 7/2011 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Saenger, C., R.E. Came, D.W. Oppo, L.D. Keigwin, and A.L. Cohen IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2011-091 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Saenger, C., et al. 2011. Gulf Stream 2000 Year SST, d18Osw, and SSS Reconstructions. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2011-091. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Saenger, C., R.E. Came, D.W. Oppo, L.D. Keigwin, and A.L. Cohen. 2011. Regional climate variability in the western subtropical North Atlantic during the past two millennia. Paleoceanography, 26, PA2206, doi:10.1029/2010PA002038. ABSTRACT: Western subtropical North Atlantic oceanic and atmospheric circulations connect tropical and subpolar climates. Variations in these circulations can generate regional climate anomalies that are not reflected in Northern Hemisphere averages. Assessing the significance of anthropogenic climate change at regional scales requires proxy records that allow recent trends to be interpreted in the context of long-term regional variability. We present reconstructions of Gulf Stream sea surface temperature (SST) and hydrographic variability during the past two millennia based on the magnesium/calcium ratio and oxygen isotopic composition of planktic foraminifera preserved in two western subtropical North Atlantic sediment cores. Reconstructed SST suggests low-frequency variability of ~1°C during an interval that includes the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). A warm interval near 1250 A.D. is distinct from regional and hemispheric temperature, possibly reflecting regional variations in ocean-atmosphere heat flux associated with changes in atmospheric circulation (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation) or the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Seawater d18O, which is marked by a fresher MCA and a more saline LIA, covaries with meridional migrations of the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone. The northward advection of tropical salinity anomalies by mean surface currents provides a plausible mechanism linking Carolina Slope and tropical Atlantic hydrology. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Anand, P., H. Elderfield, and M.H. Conte. 2003. Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1050, doi:10.1029/2002PA000846. Arbuszewski, J., P. deMenocal, A. Kaplan, and E.C. Farmer. 2010. On the fidelity of shell-derived d18Oseawater estimates. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 300, 185-196, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.035. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Western subtropical North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 2000 YrBP - present FUNDING SOURCES: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ocean and Climate Change Institute (OCCI), US National Science Foundation. DESCRIPTION: Binned Mg/Ca and d18O based temperature, d18Ow and salinity estimates from Saenger et al., 2011, figures 6 and 10. Core KNR140-2-59GGC: 32.977°N, 76.316°W, 1205 m depth Core CH07-98-MC22: 32.784°N, 76.276°W, 1895 m depth DATA: 1. Table 1. Radiocarbon Ages for Cores CH0798-MC22 and KNR140-2-59GGC Core ID Depth(cm) 14Cage(yrsBP) 1 S.D. Calib.Age(yrsBP) 1 S.D. Species CH0798-MC-22 OS-50129 0–1 260 35 modern*a – G. sacculifer CH0798-MC-22 OS-59672 30–31 1350 30 1023 38 G. sacculifer CH0798-MC-22 OS-59833 55–56 2160 40 1878 40 G. sacculifer KNR140-2-59GGC 7908 0–2 375 85 modern*a – mixed planktic KNR140-2-59GGC OS-65593 10–11 825 30 591 36 G. sacculifer KNR140-2-59GGC OS-65595 20–21 1100 30 778 44 G. sacculifer KNR140-2-59GGC OS-65596 35–36 1350 30 1023 38 G. sacculifer KNR140-2-59GGC OS-65598 69–70 1910 30 1578 39 G. sacculifer KNR140-2-59GGC 7909 296–298 4920 60 5428 85 mixed planktic *a MC22 and 59GGC core top fraction modern values are 97% and 95%, respectively. 2. SST, SSS, and d18Osw data Mg/Ca mol/mol, d18O per mil PDB Core KNR140_2_59GGC Alternate 59GGC SST, salinity and d18O from Arbuszewski et al. 2010 YearAD Mg/Ca StdErr(se) up dn d18Oc se up dn SST(Anand) se up dn d18Osw se up dn SST se up dn SSS se up dn d18Ow up dn 1850 4.64 0.11 4.85 4.42 -1.46 0.1 -1.25 -1.66 25.61 0.23 -1.2 -2.12 1.35 0.15 -1.83 -2.42 25.76 0.19 25.96 25.57 36.42 0.11 36.53 36.31 1.24 1.27 1.2 1750 4.61 0.14 4.89 4.33 -1.53 0.1 -1.34 -1.73 25.55 0.3 -1.12 -2.34 1.31 0.23 -1.88 -2.8 25.72 0.29 26.02 25.43 36.39 0.17 36.56 36.22 1.22 1.28 1.17 1650 4.37 0.15 4.67 4.07 -1.52 0.1 -1.32 -1.73 25.02 0.33 -1.08 -2.38 1.25 0.21 -1.96 -2.81 25.52 0.45 25.97 25.07 36.33 0.15 36.48 36.18 1.2 1.25 1.16 1550 4.33 0.08 4.48 4.17 -1.41 0.06 -1.28 -1.54 24.92 0.17 -1.19 -1.88 1.3 0.02 -1.84 -1.91 25.12 0.37 25.48 24.75 36.34 0.01 36.35 36.33 1.21 1.21 1.21 1350 4.39 0.06 4.51 4.27 -1.55 0.04 -1.47 -1.62 25.08 0.13 -1.36 -1.88 1.16 0.05 -1.77 -1.99 25.68 0.07 25.74 25.61 36.31 0.03 36.34 36.28 1.2 1.21 1.19 1300 4.5 0.05 4.6 4.4 -1.56 0.04 -1.49 -1.63 25.31 0.11 -1.41 -1.85 1.19 0.06 -1.73 -1.98 25.94 0.18 26.11 25.76 36.3 0.04 36.34 36.26 1.2 1.21 1.18 1250 4.57 0.05 4.67 4.48 -1.72 0.05 -1.62 -1.81 25.47 0.1 -1.61 -2.01 1.11 0.06 -1.89 -2.14 26.5 0.18 26.68 26.32 36.26 0.04 36.29 36.22 1.18 1.19 1.17 1200 4.51 0.06 4.63 4.38 -1.7 0.05 -1.59 -1.81 25.33 0.14 -1.54 -2.08 1.09 0.03 -2.01 -2.15 26.37 0.21 26.58 26.16 36.24 0.01 36.25 36.23 1.18 1.18 1.17 1150 4.42 0.05 4.52 4.32 -1.61 0.06 -1.5 -1.73 25.14 0.11 -1.51 -1.94 1.11 0.03 -1.87 -2.01 26.04 0.14 26.18 25.9 36.25 0.02 36.28 36.23 1.18 1.19 1.17 1100 4.34 0.06 4.47 4.21 -1.65 0.05 -1.56 -1.75 24.97 0.15 -1.46 -2.04 1.06 0.05 -1.94 -2.14 26.02 0.16 26.18 25.86 36.21 0.04 36.25 36.17 1.17 1.18 1.15 1050 4.39 0.08 4.56 4.23 -1.7 0.04 -1.62 -1.78 25.08 0.18 -1.42 -2.15 1.02 0.03 -2.09 -2.21 26.26 0.25 26.51 26 36.19 0.03 36.22 36.16 1.16 1.17 1.15 1000 4.46 0.07 4.6 4.32 -1.72 0.04 -1.64 -1.8 25.24 0.15 -1.5 -2.11 1.02 0.03 -2.06 -2.16 26.44 0.16 26.61 26.28 36.2 0.03 36.23 36.17 1.16 1.17 1.16 950 4.42 0.06 4.54 4.3 -1.57 0.06 -1.46 -1.69 25.14 0.14 -1.42 -1.96 1.18 0.08 -1.79 -2.13 25.73 0.28 26.02 25.45 36.29 0.06 36.34 36.23 1.19 1.21 1.17 900 4.56 0.07 4.7 4.41 -1.5 0.06 -1.39 -1.62 25.44 0.16 -1.3 -1.94 1.29 0.06 -1.82 -2.06 25.71 0.31 26.02 25.4 36.37 0.04 36.41 36.33 1.22 1.23 1.21 850 4.48 0.07 4.62 4.33 -1.62 0.06 -1.5 -1.74 25.27 0.16 -1.42 -2.07 1.21 0.07 -1.93 -2.2 25.94 0.26 26.2 25.67 36.32 0.04 36.36 36.28 1.2 1.21 1.19 800 4.4 0.07 4.53 4.27 -1.59 0.06 -1.47 -1.7 25.1 0.15 -1.4 -2 1.16 0.07 -1.87 -2.14 25.81 0.24 26.06 25.57 36.27 0.04 36.31 36.23 1.19 1.2 1.17 750 4.57 0.06 4.69 4.45 -1.61 0.05 -1.5 -1.72 25.47 0.13 -1.46 -1.98 1.15 0.04 -1.89 -2.06 26.15 0.08 26.23 26.06 36.28 0.03 36.32 36.25 1.19 1.2 1.18 700 4.41 0.08 4.57 4.25 -1.64 0.05 -1.54 -1.73 25.11 0.18 -1.37 -2.08 1.12 0.03 -2.02 -2.14 25.89 0.19 26.08 25.7 36.25 0.03 36.28 36.22 1.18 1.19 1.17 650 4.3 0.04 4.38 4.21 -1.71 0.05 -1.6 -1.82 24.86 0.09 -1.64 -2 0.97 0.05 -1.89 -2.11 26.14 0.28 26.42 25.87 36.16 0.02 36.18 36.13 1.15 1.16 1.14 600 4.35 0.04 4.44 4.26 -1.59 0.08 -1.43 -1.75 24.99 0.1 -1.56 -1.95 1.07 0.1 -1.74 -2.15 25.95 0.37 26.31 25.58 36.22 0.06 36.28 36.17 1.17 1.19 1.15 550 4.35 0.04 4.43 4.26 -1.42 0.05 -1.33 -1.52 24.98 0.1 -1.32 -1.72 1.29 0.04 -1.64 -1.79 25.22 0.21 25.42 25.01 36.34 0.02 36.36 36.32 1.21 1.22 1.2 500 4.37 0.04 4.45 4.28 -1.43 0.05 -1.34 -1.53 25.03 0.1 -1.33 -1.72 1.28 0.05 -1.63 -1.81 25.28 0.23 25.51 25.05 36.35 0.02 36.37 36.32 1.21 1.22 1.2 450 4.36 0.06 4.48 4.24 -1.44 0.06 -1.33 -1.55 25 0.14 -1.27 -1.82 1.27 0.06 -1.7 -1.95 25.31 0.23 25.54 25.08 36.33 0.04 36.37 36.29 1.21 1.22 1.19 Core CH07_98_MC22 YearAD Mg/Ca StdErr(se) up dn d18Oc se up dn SST(Anand) se up dn d18Osw se up dn 1850 4.56 0.06 4.68 4.44 -1.59 0.09 -1.42 -1.76 25.44 0.15 25.74 25.14 1.21 0.1 1.32 1.11 1750 4.47 0.08 4.63 4.31 -1.62 0.05 -1.53 -1.71 25.25 0.2 25.66 24.84 1.15 0.07 1.22 1.08 1650 4.5 0.09 4.68 4.32 -1.64 0.04 -1.57 -1.71 25.32 0.23 25.77 24.87 1.15 0.05 1.19 1.1 1550 4.5 0.06 4.63 4.37 -1.67 0.06 -1.54 -1.8 25.29 0.19 25.66 24.92 1.1 0.05 1.16 1.05 1450 4.37 0.05 4.47 4.26 -1.66 0.07 -1.52 -1.8 25.02 0.14 25.29 24.74 1.06 0.06 1.12 1 1350 4.4 0.08 4.55 4.25 -1.63 0.08 -1.47 -1.79 25.18 0.2 25.57 24.78 1.12 0.07 1.2 1.05 1250 4.49 0.07 4.63 4.36 -1.61 0.08 -1.46 -1.77 25.3 0.16 25.63 24.98 1.17 0.07 1.24 1.1 1150 4.44 0.05 4.54 4.34 -1.64 0.05 -1.54 -1.73 25.18 0.13 25.44 24.93 1.12 0.06 1.18 1.06 1050 4.5 0.06 4.61 4.39 -1.66 0.06 -1.53 -1.79 25.31 0.14 25.59 25.04 1.12 0.06 1.19 1.06 950 4.44 0.08 4.6 4.28 -1.62 0.07 -1.48 -1.76 25.28 0.18 25.65 24.92 1.15 0.06 1.21 1.1 850 4.38 0.07 4.52 4.23 -1.66 0.05 -1.55 -1.77 25.11 0.18 25.47 24.76 1.08 0.04 1.12 1.03 750 4.45 0.06 4.58 4.33 -1.67 0.04 -1.58 -1.76 25.22 0.16 25.53 24.91 1.09 0.04 1.13 1.05 650 4.47 0.08 4.63 4.31 -1.61 0.04 -1.54 -1.69 25.21 0.17 25.54 24.88 1.15 0.02 1.17 1.13 550 4.4 0.08 4.56 4.24 -1.69 0.05 -1.59 -1.8 25.04 0.15 25.34 24.74 1.03 0.05 1.08 0.98 450 4.3 0.07 4.44 4.16 -1.63 0.08 -1.48 -1.79 24.81 0.13 25.06 24.55 1.04 0.07 1.1 0.97 350 4.25 0.05 4.35 4.15 -1.51 0.05 -1.41 -1.61 24.75 0.13 25.01 24.49 1.14 0.06 1.2 1.08 250 4.42 0.06 4.54 4.29 -1.59 0.05 -1.48 -1.7 25.12 0.19 25.49 24.75 1.15 0.05 1.2 1.1