# Asian 1,100 Year Multiproxy Gridded Summer Temperature Reconstructions #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18635 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shi2015/shi2015asia.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Climate Reconstructions #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-05-13 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Asian 1,100 Year Multiproxy Gridded Summer Temperature Reconstructions #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Shi, F.; Ge, Q.; Yang, B.; Li, J.; Yang, F.; Ljungqvist, F.C.; Solomina, O.; Nakatsuka, T.; Wang, N.; Zhao, S.; Xu, C.; Fang, K.; Sano, M.; Chu, G.; Fan, Z.; Gaire, N.P.; Zafar, M.U. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Gridded and region-wide Asian summer (June-July-August) temperature reconstructions for the past 1,100 years. The reconstructions are based on 357 # publicly available proxy climate data series from the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archives (See Shi et al. 2015 supplementary Materials for details). # The gridded reconstructions are at 5 x 5 degree resolution. #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Feng Shi, Quansheng Ge, Bao Yang, Jianping Li, Fengmei Yang, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Olga Solomina, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Ninglian Wang, Sen Zhao, Chenxi Xu, Keyan Fang, Masaki Sano, Guoqiang Chu, Zexin Fan, Narayan P. Gaire, Muhammad Usama Zafar # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-05-09 # Published_Title: A multi-proxy reconstruction of spatial and temporal variations in Asian summer temperatures over the last millennium # Journal_Name: Climatic Change # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # DOI: 10.1007/s10584-015-1413-3 # Online_Resource: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10584-015-1413-3 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: To investigate climate variability in Asia during the last millennium, the spatial and temporal evolution of summer (June-July-August; JJA) temperature in eastern and south-central Asia is reconstructed using multi-proxy records and the regularized expectation maximization (RegEM) algorithm with truncated total least squares (TTLS), under a point-by-point regression (PPR) framework. The temperature index reconstructions show that the late 20th century was the warmest period in Asia over the past millennium. The temperature field reconstructions illustrate that temperatures in central, eastern, and southern China during the 11th and 13th centuries, and in western Asia during the 12th century, were significantly higher than those in other regions, and comparable to levels in the 20th century. Except for the most recent warming, all identified warm events showed distinct regional expressions and none were uniform over the entire reconstruction area. The main finding of the study is that spatial temperature patterns have, on centennial time-scales, varied greatly over the last millennium. Moreover, seven climate model simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), over the same region of Asia, are all consistent with the temperature index reconstruction at the 99 % confidence level. Only spatial temperature patterns extracted as the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) from the GISS-E2-R and MPI-ESM-P model simulations are significant and consistent with the temperature field reconstruction over the past millennium in Asia at the 90 % confidence level. This indicates that both the reconstruction and the simulations depict the temporal climate variability well over the past millennium. However, the spatial simulation or reconstruction capability of climate variability over the past millennium could be still limited. For reconstruction, some grid points do not pass validation tests and reveal the need for more proxies with high temporal resolution, accurate dating, and sensitive temperature signals, especially in central Asia and before AD 1400. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Chinese Academy of Sciences # Grant: XDA05080800, XDB03020500 #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Natural Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41301220 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Asia # Location: Asia # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 57.5 # Southernmost_Latitude: 2.5 # Easternmost_Longitude: 142.5 # Westernmost_Longitude: 62.5 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Shi2015Asia # Earliest_Year: 900 # Most_Recent_Year: 1999 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # 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1898 -0.144 0.306 -0.594 1899 -0.118 0.332 -0.568 1900 -0.102 0.348 -0.552 1901 -0.100 0.350 -0.550 1902 -0.109 0.341 -0.559 1903 -0.123 0.327 -0.573 1904 -0.135 0.315 -0.585 1905 -0.140 0.310 -0.590 1906 -0.134 0.316 -0.584 1907 -0.117 0.333 -0.567 1908 -0.094 0.356 -0.544 1909 -0.074 0.376 -0.524 1910 -0.064 0.386 -0.514 1911 -0.070 0.380 -0.520 1912 -0.090 0.360 -0.540 1913 -0.123 0.327 -0.573 1914 -0.156 0.294 -0.606 1915 -0.181 0.269 -0.631 1916 -0.187 0.263 -0.637 1917 -0.167 0.283 -0.617 1918 -0.122 0.328 -0.572 1919 -0.058 0.392 -0.508 1920 0.013 0.463 -0.437 1921 0.079 0.529 -0.371 1922 0.131 0.581 -0.319 1923 0.163 0.613 -0.287 1924 0.173 0.623 -0.277 1925 0.168 0.618 -0.282 1926 0.155 0.605 -0.295 1927 0.139 0.589 -0.311 1928 0.123 0.573 -0.327 1929 0.108 0.558 -0.342 1930 0.088 0.538 -0.362 1931 0.060 0.510 -0.390 1932 0.023 0.473 -0.427 1933 -0.020 0.430 -0.470 1934 -0.062 0.388 -0.512 1935 -0.091 0.359 -0.541 1936 -0.099 0.351 -0.549 1937 -0.080 0.370 -0.530 1938 -0.035 0.415 -0.485 1939 0.027 0.477 -0.423 1940 0.092 0.542 -0.358 1941 0.146 0.596 -0.304 1942 0.178 0.628 -0.272 1943 0.184 0.634 -0.266 1944 0.168 0.618 -0.282 1945 0.140 0.590 -0.310 1946 0.112 0.562 -0.338 1947 0.096 0.546 -0.354 1948 0.096 0.546 -0.354 1949 0.108 0.558 -0.342 1950 0.125 0.575 -0.325 1951 0.134 0.584 -0.316 1952 0.125 0.575 -0.325 1953 0.091 0.541 -0.359 1954 0.036 0.486 -0.414 1955 -0.030 0.420 -0.480 1956 -0.092 0.358 -0.542 1957 -0.137 0.313 -0.587 1958 -0.154 0.296 -0.604 1959 -0.140 0.310 -0.590 1960 -0.101 0.349 -0.551 1961 -0.049 0.401 -0.499 1962 0.000 0.450 -0.450 1963 0.033 0.483 -0.417 1964 0.041 0.491 -0.409 1965 0.020 0.470 -0.430 1966 -0.024 0.426 -0.474 1967 -0.081 0.369 -0.531 1968 -0.140 0.310 -0.590 1969 -0.188 0.262 -0.638 1970 -0.216 0.234 -0.666 1971 -0.219 0.231 -0.669 1972 -0.198 0.252 -0.648 1973 -0.157 0.293 -0.607 1974 -0.104 0.346 -0.554 1975 -0.046 0.404 -0.496 1976 0.008 0.458 -0.442 1977 0.051 0.501 -0.399 1978 0.080 0.530 -0.370 1979 0.092 0.542 -0.358 1980 0.092 0.542 -0.358 1981 0.083 0.533 -0.367 1982 0.071 0.521 -0.379 1983 0.062 0.512 -0.388 1984 0.060 0.510 -0.390 1985 0.067 0.517 -0.383 1986 0.081 0.531 -0.369 1987 0.098 0.548 -0.352 1988 0.116 0.566 -0.334 1989 0.132 0.582 -0.318 1990 0.147 0.597 -0.303 1991 0.162 0.612 -0.288 1992 0.185 0.635 -0.265 1993 0.219 0.669 -0.231 1994 0.268 0.718 -0.182 1995 0.333 0.783 -0.117 1996 0.409 0.859 -0.041 1997 0.486 0.936 0.036 1998 0.555 1.005 0.105 1999 0.603 1.053 0.153