# North Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion) Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction during the Common Era #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21992 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/sicre2016/sicre2016-sst.txt # # Archive: # # Parameter_Keywords: reconstruction #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2017-04-25 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: North Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion) Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction during the Common Era #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Sicre, M.-A.; Jalali, B.; Martrat, B.; Schmidt, S.; Bassetti, M.-A.; Kallel, N. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: KSGC-31 was 7.01 m long and covered 10000 to -21 calyrBP; Gol-Ho1B was 19 cm long and covered -10 to -62 calyrBP. # Provided Keywords: Mediterranean Sea, sea surface temperature, alkenones, Common Era, East Atlantic mode, atmospheric blocking #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Sicre, M.-A., B. Jalali, B. Martrat, S. Schmidt, M.-A. Bassetti, and N. Kallel # Published_Date_or_Year: 2016 # Published_Title: Sea surface temperature variability in the North Western Mediterranean Sea (Gulf of Lion) during the Common Era # Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters # Volume: 456 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 124-133 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.032 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: This study investigates the multidecadal-scale variability of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the convection region of the Gulf of Lion (NW Mediterranean Sea) over the full past 2000 yr (Common Era) using alkenone biomarkers. Our data show colder SSTs by 1.7°C over most of the first millennium (200 - 800 AD) and by 1.3°C during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1400-1850 AD) than the 20th century mean (17.9°C). Although on average warmer, those of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) (1000-1200 AD) were lower by 1°C. We found a mean SST warming of 2°C/100 yr over the last century in close agreement with the 0.22 and 0.26°C/decade values calculated for the western Mediterranean Sea from in situ and satellite data, respectively. Our results also reveal strongly fluctuating SSTs characterized by cold extremes followed by abrupt warming during the LIA. We suggest that the coldest decades of the LIA were likely caused by prevailing negative EA states and associated anticyclone blocking over the North Atlantic resulting in cold continental northeasterly winds to blow over Western Europe and the Mediterranean region. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Gol-Ho1B and KSGC-31 # Location: Mediterranean Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 43 # Southernmost_Latitude: 43 # Easternmost_Longitude: 3.28 # Westernmost_Longitude: 3.28 # Elevation: -60 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Gol-Ho1B/KSGC-31 SST Sicre16 # First_Year: 9 # Last_Year: 2012 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Species # Species_Name: # Common_Name: # Tree_Species_Code: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # The age model was produced using 210Pb and 14C dating # Lab ID Sample identification used by 14C laboratory (Laboratoire de Mesure du Carbone 14 (Saclay, France) and Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory (Florida, USA)) # Dated material dated material # depth_bot (cm) Depth bottom of sample interval (cm) # depth_top (cm) Depth top of sample interval (cm) # age14C (bp) conventional radiocarbon age, years before 1950AD # age_error (years) radiocarbon age, standard error # calibrated age (cal BP) Calibrated age cal BP # 1-sigma error of cal age (years) 1-sigma confidence # depth (cm) Depth at the middle of the sample (cm) # thickness (cm) Sample thickness (cm) # notes notes # # Lab ID Dated material # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb depth_bot (cm) depth_top (cm) age14C (bp) age_error (years) (1 sigma) calibrated age (cal BP) 1-sigma error of cal age (years) depth (cm) thickness (cm) notes # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 1 0 NA NA -62.2 0.200000000000045 0.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 3 2 NA NA -57.9000000000001 0.600000000000136 2.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 5 4 NA NA -53.2 1.10000000000014 4.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 6 5 NA NA -50.8 1.29999999999995 5.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 7 6 NA NA -48.4000000000001 1.60000000000014 6.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 9 8 NA NA -43 2.09999999999991 8.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 11 10 NA NA -37.4000000000001 2.70000000000005 10.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 13 12 NA NA -31.8 3.29999999999995 12.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 15 14 NA NA -25.7 3.90000000000009 14.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 16 15 NA NA -22.7 4.29999999999995 15.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 17 16 NA NA -19.5999999999999 4.59999999999991 16.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 19 18 NA NA -13.4000000000001 5.30000000000018 18.5 1 Gol-Ho1B # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 1 0 NA NA -21.2208000000001 1.38694999999984 0.5 1 KSGC-31 # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 3 2 NA NA -8.80236962703611 3.44455847747895 2.5 1 KSGC-31 # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 5 4 NA NA 3.61606074592783 6.45670515910319 4.5 1 KSGC-31 # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 6 5 NA NA 9.8252759324098 8.00356703705938 5.5 1 KSGC-31 # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 7 6 NA NA 16.0344911188918 9.56011535092284 6.5 1 KSGC-31 # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 8 7 NA NA 22.2437063053737 11.1222840338817 7.5 1 KSGC-31 # EPOC, Bordeaux, France 210Pb 9 8 NA NA 28.4529214918557 12.6879972863671 8.5 1 KSGC-31 # Beta Analytics Bittium sp. 6 5 420 30 24 60 5.5 1 KSGC-31 # Beta Analytics Tellina sp. 12 11 430 30 34 60 11.5 1 KSGC-31 # Beta Analytics Pecten sp. 19 18 720 40 380 78 18.5 1 KSGC-31 # LMC14 Venus sp. 26 25 640 30 235 99.5 25.5 1 KSGC-31 # LMC15 Pecten sp. 42 41 700 30 339 79 41.5 1 KSGC-31 # LMC16 Indet. bivalve 53 51 960 30 551 59 52 2 KSGC-31 # LMC17 Arca tetragona 72 70 1340 30 852 80.5 71 2 KSGC-31 # LMC18 Venus sp. 111 110 1465 30 992 85 110.5 1 KSGC-31 # LMC19 Nucula sp. 186 185 2235 40 1806 99.5 185.5 1 KSGC-31 # LMC20 juvenile bivalve shells (ind.) 253 251 2940 30 2676 100.5 252 2 KSGC-31 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm depth,,, cm, , ,middle of sample, ,N ## year_AD age,,, AD, , ,middle of sample,,N ## SST-uk37 sea surface temperature,alkenone saturation index,,deg C,,paleoceanography,,Alkenone calibration to SST (Conte et al., 2006),N ## notes notes,,,,,,,, #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NA depth_cm year_AD SST-uk37 notes 0.5 2012.2 17.2 Gol-Ho1B 1.5 2010.1 17.9 Gol-Ho1B 2.5 2007.9 18.4 Gol-Ho1B 3.5 2005.6 18.7 Gol-Ho1B 4.5 2003.2 18.4 Gol-Ho1B 5.5 2000.8 17.8 Gol-Ho1B 6.5 1998.4 18.5 Gol-Ho1B 7.5 1995.8 18.1 Gol-Ho1B 8.5 1993.0 18.8 Gol-Ho1B 9.5 1990.3 18.7 Gol-Ho1B 10.5 1987.4 18.5 Gol-Ho1B 11.5 1984.7 18.5 Gol-Ho1B 12.5 1981.8 19.0 Gol-Ho1B 13.5 1978.8 18.2 Gol-Ho1B 14.5 1975.7 18.1 Gol-Ho1B 15.5 1972.7 17.8 Gol-Ho1B 16.5 1966.5 19.1 Gol-Ho1B 17.5 1963.4 18.5 Gol-Ho1B 18.5 1960.4 17.9 Gol-Ho1B 0.5 1971.2 17.8 KSGC-31 1.5 1965.0 17.6 KSGC-31 2.5 1958.8 17.3 KSGC-31 3.5 1952.6 18.0 KSGC-31 4.5 1946.4 17.4 KSGC-31 5.5 1940.2 17.3 KSGC-31 6.5 1934.0 16.7 KSGC-31 7.5 1927.8 16.8 KSGC-31 8.5 1921.5 16.8 KSGC-31 9.5 1908.6 17.4 KSGC-31 10.5 1898.7 16.6 KSGC-31 11.5 1888.8 17.1 KSGC-31 12.5 1878.8 16.5 KSGC-31 13.5 1868.9 16.7 KSGC-31 14.5 1859.0 16.3 KSGC-31 15.5 1849.0 16.2 KSGC-31 16.5 1826.9 16.1 KSGC-31 17.5 1814.5 16.1 KSGC-31 18.5 1802.2 17.3 KSGC-31 19.5 1789.8 16.9 KSGC-31 20.5 1777.4 16.4 KSGC-31 21.5 1765.0 16 KSGC-31 22.5 1752.6 16 KSGC-31 23.5 1740.3 16.2 KSGC-31 24.5 1727.9 16.1 KSGC-31 25.5 1715.5 16.5 KSGC-31 26.5 1708.8 17.1 KSGC-31 27.5 1702.0 17 KSGC-31 28.5 1695.3 17.1 KSGC-31 29.5 1688.5 17.2 KSGC-31 30.5 1681.8 17.5 KSGC-31 31.5 1675.1 18 KSGC-31 32.5 1668.3 16.3 KSGC-31 33.5 1661.6 16.4 KSGC-31 34.5 1654.8 16.2 KSGC-31 35.5 1648.1 15.8 KSGC-31 36.5 1641.3 16.6 KSGC-31 37.5 1634.6 15.8 KSGC-31 38.5 1627.9 16.2 KSGC-31 39.5 1621.1 16.3 KSGC-31 40.5 1614.4 16.4 KSGC-31 41.5 1601.4 16.4 KSGC-31 42.5 1582.1 16.8 KSGC-31 43.5 1562.8 16.3 KSGC-31 44.5 1543.6 17.4 KSGC-31 45.5 1524.3 17.7 KSGC-31 46.5 1505.0 16 KSGC-31 47.5 1485.7 16.5 KSGC-31 48.5 1466.5 17 KSGC-31 49.5 1447.2 16.7 KSGC-31 50.5 1427.9 16.2 KSGC-31 51.5 1408.6 16.8 KSGC-31 52.5 1391.1 16.7 KSGC-31 53.5 1375.3 17 KSGC-31 54.5 1359.5 17.4 KSGC-31 55.5 1343.6 16.5 KSGC-31 56.5 1327.8 16.9 KSGC-31 57.5 1312.0 16.4 KSGC-31 58.5 1296.2 16.2 KSGC-31 59.5 1280.4 16.7 KSGC-31 60.5 1264.6 16.5 KSGC-31 61.5 1248.8 17 KSGC-31 62.5 1232.9 15.9 KSGC-31 63.5 1217.1 16.7 KSGC-31 64.5 1201.3 17.2 KSGC-31 65.5 1185.5 16.8 KSGC-31 66.5 1169.7 17.6 KSGC-31 67.5 1153.9 16.6 KSGC-31 68.5 1138.0 16.9 KSGC-31 69.5 1122.2 18 KSGC-31 70.5 1106.4 16.8 KSGC-31 71.5 1096.7 16.7 KSGC-31 72.5 1093.2 16.2 KSGC-31 73.5 1089.6 16.7 KSGC-31 74.5 1086.1 17 KSGC-31 75.5 1082.5 16.7 KSGC-31 76.5 1078.9 17.1 KSGC-31 77.5 1075.4 16.5 KSGC-31 78.5 1071.8 16.8 KSGC-31 79.5 1068.3 17.1 KSGC-31 80.5 1064.7 17.5 KSGC-31 81.5 1061.2 16.9 KSGC-31 82.5 1057.6 17.3 KSGC-31 83.5 1054.0 16.7 KSGC-31 84.5 1050.5 17.3 KSGC-31 85.5 1046.9 17 KSGC-31 86.5 1043.4 16.9 KSGC-31 87.5 1039.8 16.7 KSGC-31 88.5 1036.3 16.6 KSGC-31 89.5 1032.7 16.5 KSGC-31 90.5 1029.1 16.6 KSGC-31 91.5 1025.6 16.2 KSGC-31 92.5 1022.0 16.5 KSGC-31 93.5 1018.5 16.6 KSGC-31 94.5 1014.9 16.2 KSGC-31 95.5 1011.4 16.8 KSGC-31 96.5 1007.8 16.8 KSGC-31 97.5 1004.2 16.7 KSGC-31 98.5 1000.7 17.2 KSGC-31 99.5 997.1 16.6 KSGC-31 100.5 993.6 16.7 KSGC-31 101.5 990.0 16.4 KSGC-31 102.5 986.5 15.8 KSGC-31 103.5 982.9 16.3 KSGC-31 104.5 979.3 16.1 KSGC-31 105.5 975.8 16.5 KSGC-31 106.5 972.2 16.1 KSGC-31 107.5 968.7 16.6 KSGC-31 108.5 965.1 16.5 KSGC-31 109.5 961.6 16.6 KSGC-31 110.5 958.0 16.2 KSGC-31 111.5 947.3 16.8 KSGC-31 112.5 936.6 15.9 KSGC-31 113.5 925.9 15.5 KSGC-31 114.5 915.2 16 KSGC-31 115.5 904.5 16.2 KSGC-31 116.5 893.8 16.2 KSGC-31 117.5 883.1 16.3 KSGC-31 118.5 872.4 16.1 KSGC-31 119.5 861.7 16 KSGC-31 120.5 851.0 16.1 KSGC-31 121.5 840.3 16.6 KSGC-31 122.5 829.6 15.9 KSGC-31 123.5 818.9 16.6 KSGC-31 124.5 808.1 16.2 KSGC-31 125.5 797.4 16.2 KSGC-31 126.5 786.7 16.4 KSGC-31 127.5 776.0 16.3 KSGC-31 128.5 765.3 16 KSGC-31 129.5 754.6 15.9 KSGC-31 130.5 743.9 15.5 KSGC-31 131.5 733.2 16.1 KSGC-31 132.5 722.5 16.4 KSGC-31 133.5 711.8 16.5 KSGC-31 134.5 701.1 16.4 KSGC-31 135.5 690.4 16 KSGC-31 136.5 679.7 16.2 KSGC-31 137.5 669.0 16.2 KSGC-31 138.5 658.3 15.9 KSGC-31 139.5 647.6 16.1 KSGC-31 140.5 636.9 15.1 KSGC-31 141.5 626.2 16.5 KSGC-31 142.5 615.5 16 KSGC-31 143.5 604.8 16.7 KSGC-31 144.5 594.1 16.3 KSGC-31 145.5 583.4 16.6 KSGC-31 146.5 572.7 16.1 KSGC-31 147.5 562.0 16.2 KSGC-31 148.5 551.3 16.3 KSGC-31 149.5 540.6 16.6 KSGC-31 150.5 529.8 16.1 KSGC-31 151.5 519.1 16.3 KSGC-31 152.5 508.4 16.3 KSGC-31 153.5 497.7 16.8 KSGC-31 154.5 487.0 16.2 KSGC-31 155.5 476.3 16.5 KSGC-31 156.5 465.6 15.9 KSGC-31 157.5 454.9 16 KSGC-31 158.5 444.2 15.9 KSGC-31 159.5 433.5 16.2 KSGC-31 160.5 422.8 16.4 KSGC-31 161.5 412.1 15.4 KSGC-31 162.5 401.4 15.1 KSGC-31 163.5 390.7 16.3 KSGC-31 164.5 380.0 16.2 KSGC-31 165.5 369.3 16.2 KSGC-31 166.5 358.6 16.5 KSGC-31 167.5 347.9 16.5 KSGC-31 168.5 337.2 15 KSGC-31 169.5 326.5 15.8 KSGC-31 170.5 315.8 16.4 KSGC-31 171.5 305.1 16.3 KSGC-31 172.5 294.4 16.7 KSGC-31 173.5 283.7 15.8 KSGC-31 174.5 273.0 16 KSGC-31 175.5 262.2 15.7 KSGC-31 176.5 251.5 16.9 KSGC-31 177.5 240.8 16.6 KSGC-31 178.5 230.1 16.3 KSGC-31 179.5 219.4 16.8 KSGC-31 180.5 208.7 17.2 KSGC-31 181.5 198.0 17.1 KSGC-31 182.5 187.3 17.8 KSGC-31 183.5 176.6 17.5 KSGC-31 184.5 165.9 17 KSGC-31 185.5 155.2 17.2 KSGC-31 186.5 144.5 16.1 KSGC-31 187.5 131.0 15.7 KSGC-31 188.5 117.6 16.2 KSGC-31 189.5 104.1 16.9 KSGC-31 190.5 90.6 16.6 KSGC-31 191.5 77.1 16.7 KSGC-31 192.5 63.7 16.6 KSGC-31 193.5 50.2 16.9 KSGC-31 194.5 36.7 16.8 KSGC-31 195.5 23.2 16.6 KSGC-31 196.5 9.8 17 KSGC-31