# New Zealand and Australia Pacific Region d18O and d13C data for the last 30,000 years
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22585
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/sikes2016/sikes2016-gc07.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
#      Description: 
#
# Archive: Paleoceanography
#
# Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2017-08-28
#---------------------------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2017-08-28
#---------------------------------------
# Title
#    Study_Name: New Zealand and Australia Pacific Region d18O and d13C data for the last 30,000 years
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#      Investigators: Sikes, Elisabeth L.; Elmore, Aurora C.; Allen, Katherine A.;Cook, Mea S.; Guilderson, Thomas P.
#---------------------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: Cores in study with location name and age model basis: RR0503 87TC/JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 79JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 83TC/JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; H214  Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 125JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 41JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RS147-GC07 South Tasman Rise 14C AMS; Z2112  Z2112   14C AMS
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
# Authors: Sikes, Elisabeth L., Aurora C. Elmore, Katherine A.Allen, Mea S.Cook, and Thomas P.Guilderson
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2016
# Published_Title: Glacial water mass structure and rapid d18O and d13C changes during the last glacial termination in the Southwest Pacific
# Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
# Volume: 456
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 87-97
# Report Number: 
# DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.043
# Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X16305234?via%3Dihub
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: Changes in ocean circulation are thought to have contributed to lowering glacial atmospheric CO2 levels by enhancing deep ocean sequestration of carbon that was returned to the atmosphere during glacial terminations. High-resolution benthic foraminiferal d13C and d18O records from a depth transect of cores in the Southwest Pacific Ocean presented here provide evidence that both wind-and thermohaline-driven circulation drove CO2from the ocean during the last deglaciation. Shallow geochemical stratification in the glacial Southern Ocean was followed by a short pulse of rapid d13C enrichment to intermediate water depths during Heinrich Stadial1, indicative of better-ventilated intermediate waters co-occurring with documented wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean. Intermediate depth d13C enrichment paused at the start of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (~14.7ka), implying a brief shallow restratification, while deeper layers were progressively flushed of d13C-depleted and d18O-enriched waters, likely caused by the increasing influence of deep waters sourced from the North Atlantic. The coincidence of atmospheric CO2increases with these geochemical shifts in both shallow and deep cores suggests that shifts in both atmospheric and oceanic circulation contributed to the deglacial rise of CO2.
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: NSF
#    Grant: OCE-0823487 and OCE-0823549-03
#---------------------------------------
# Site Information
# Site_Name: RS147-GC07
# Location: Australia
# Country: Australia
# Northernmost_Latitude: -45.15
# Southernmost_Latitude: -45.15
# Easternmost_Longitude: 146.28
# Westernmost_Longitude: 146.28
# Elevation: -3300
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name: RS147-GC07 Sikes2016
#   First_Year: 36167
#   Last_Year: 1810
#   Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
# Based on radiocarbon dating on tephras
# --	--	--	wtd mean	--	wtd mean	depth of bottom of visible ash in core (cm) 	
# Tephra_name	14C years	+/- 1 sigma 14C	Cal yrs BP (Tom)	+/- 1 sigma years	Cal kyrs BP (IntCal 2013)	87 TC	 87 JPC	79JPC	83 TC	83 JPC	125 JPC	core H214 	
# Tuhua	NaN  NaN	6947	NaN	6.947	96	NaN	31	57	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# Whakatane	4830	20	5499	60	5.499	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# Mamaku	7250	20	8009	70	8.009	NaN  NaN	NaN	72	NaN	81	77.5	
# Rotoma 	8530	10	9296	220	9.296	111	NaN  46	NaN	NaN	NaN	96.5	
# Waiohau	12417	279	13998	110	13.998	160	NaN  81	134	26	NaN	156	
# Rerewhakaaitu	14700	110	17906	147	17.906	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	66	163	205.5	
# Kawakawa	21299	?	25650	40	25.65	NaN  157	330	NaN	164	347	NaN	
# reference for age calculations: Sikes, E. L., and T. P. Guilderson (2016), Southwest Pacific Ocean surface reservoir ages since the last glaciation: Circulation insights from multiple-core studies, Paleoceanography, 31, 298-310.	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# depth of ashes in cores reference: Shane, P. A., E. L. Sikes, and T. P. Guilderson (2006), Tephra beds in deep-sea cores off northern New Zealand: implications for the history of Taupo Volcanic Zone, Mayor Island, and White Island volcanoes, Journal of Volcanic and Geothermal Research, 154(4), 276-290.	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# RS147-GC07	chronology data is in:Sikes, E. L., W. R. Howard, C. R. Samson, T. S. Mahan, L. G. Robertson, and J. K. Volkman (2009), Southern Ocean seasonal temperature and Subtropical Front movement on the South Tasman Rise in the Late Quaternary, Paleoceanography, 24(PA2201), PA2201, doi:2210.1029/2008PA001659.002009.	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# 
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab- 10 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data,additional info
## corename	core name,,,,,,,,C,
## core_depth	water depth,,,m,,,,,N,water depth of core site
## depth_cm	depth,,,cm,,,,,N,
## age_calkaBP	age,,,calendar ka BP,,,,,N,
## d13Cc.wuell	delta 13C,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,,per mil PDB,, benthic foraminifera,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
## d18Oc.wuell	delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,,per mil PDB,, benthic foraminifera,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
#------------------------
# Data
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Value: NA
corename	core_depth	depth_cm	age_calkaBP	d13Cc.wuell	d18Oc.wuell	
GC07	3300	4.5	1.8104	0.46	3.16	
GC07	3300	10.5	3.2412	0.47	3.35	
GC07	3300	16.5	4.6719	0.55	3.15	
GC07	3300	20.5	5.6258	0.45	3.27	
GC07	3300	21.5	5.8642	0.415	3.11	
GC07	3300	23.5	6.3412	0.39	3.31	
GC07	3300	25.5	6.8181	0.37	3.2	
GC07	3300	27.5	7.295	0.28	3.04	
GC07	3300	30.5	8.0104	0.44	3	
GC07	3300	32.5	8.4873	0.37	3.24	
GC07	3300	35.5	9.2027	0.48	3.1	
GC07	3300	40.5	10.395	-0.18	3.31	
GC07	3300	43.5	10.911	0.3	3.11	
GC07	3300	45.5	11.3035	0.23	3.3	
GC07	3300	47.5	11.7445	0.05	3.41	
GC07	3300	48.5	11.965	0.23	3.74	
GC07	3300	50.5	12.406	-0.14	3.68	
GC07	3300	52.5	12.847	0.34	3.71	
GC07	3300	53.5	12.9421	0.36	3.35	
GC07	3300	54.5	13.0372	0.68	3.27	
GC07	3300	56.5	13.2274	0.18	3.74	
GC07	3300	58.5	13.5395	0.12	3.71	
GC07	3300	60.5	14.2173	0.125	3.88	
GC07	3300	62.5	14.8952	-0.21	4.06	
GC07	3300	65.5	15.912	0.03	4.14	
GC07	3300	67.5	16.042	-0.01	4.29	
GC07	3300	70.5	16.237	0.11	4.28	
GC07	3300	71.5	16.302	-0.075	4.18	
GC07	3300	74.5	16.497	-0.15	4.41	
GC07	3300	76.5	16.9784	-0.03	4.35	
GC07	3300	79.5	17.7006	0.04	4.25	
GC07	3300	83.5	18.4752	-0.05	4.43	
GC07	3300	85.5	18.7685	-0.12	4.38	
GC07	3300	87.5	19.0617	-0.03	4.47	
GC07	3300	89.5	19.355	-0.37	4.49	
GC07	3300	94	20.3568	-0.38	4.54	
GC07	3300	99	21.47	-0.23	4.47	
GC07	3300	104.5	24.7631	-0.18	4.51	
GC07	3300	108.5	27.158	-0.18	4.27	
GC07	3300	114.5	31.457	-0.2	4.33	
GC07	3300	118.5	34.323	0.205	4.31	
GC07	3300	124.5	35.70047	-0.36	4.05	
GC07	3300	128.5	36.16744	-0.22	4.04