# New Zealand and Australia Pacific Region d18O and d13C data for the last 30,000 years
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#               World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder
#                                   and
#                      NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data.
# If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed.
#
# Description/Documentation lines begin with #
# Data lines have no #
#
# Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22585
#      Description: NOAA Landing Page
# Online_Resource: https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/by_contributor/sikes2016/sikes2016-h214.txt
#      Description: NOAA location of the template
#
# Original_Source_URL: 
#      Description: 
#
# Archive: Paleoceanography
#
# Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes
#---------------------------------------
# Contribution_Date
#    Date: 2017-08-28
#---------------------------------------
# File_Last_Modified_Date
#    Date: 2017-08-28
#---------------------------------------
# Title
#    Study_Name: New Zealand and Australia Pacific Region d18O and d13C data for the last 30,000 years
#---------------------------------------
# Investigators
#      Investigators: Sikes, Elisabeth L.; Elmore, Aurora C.; Allen, Katherine A.;Cook, Mea S.; Guilderson, Thomas P.
#---------------------------------------
# Description_Notes_and_Keywords
#        Description: Cores in study with location name and age model basis: RR0503 87TC/JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 79JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 83TC/JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; H214  Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 125JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RR0503 41JPC Bay of Plenty tephrachronology; RS147-GC07 South Tasman Rise 14C AMS; Z2112  Z2112   14C AMS
#---------------------------------------
# Publication
# Authors: Sikes, Elisabeth L., Aurora C. Elmore, Katherine A.Allen, Mea S.Cook, and Thomas P.Guilderson
# Published_Date_or_Year: 2016
# Published_Title: Glacial water mass structure and rapid d18O and d13C changes during the last glacial termination in the Southwest Pacific
# Journal_Name: Earth and Planetary Science Letters
# Volume: 456
# Edition: 
# Issue: 
# Pages: 87-97
# Report Number: 
# DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.09.043
# Online_Resource: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X16305234?via%3Dihub
# Full_Citation: 
# Abstract: Changes in ocean circulation are thought to have contributed to lowering glacial atmospheric CO2 levels by enhancing deep ocean sequestration of carbon that was returned to the atmosphere during glacial terminations. High-resolution benthic foraminiferal d13C and d18O records from a depth transect of cores in the Southwest Pacific Ocean presented here provide evidence that both wind-and thermohaline-driven circulation drove CO2from the ocean during the last deglaciation. Shallow geochemical stratification in the glacial Southern Ocean was followed by a short pulse of rapid d13C enrichment to intermediate water depths during Heinrich Stadial1, indicative of better-ventilated intermediate waters co-occurring with documented wind-driven upwelling in the Southern Ocean. Intermediate depth d13C enrichment paused at the start of the Antarctic Cold Reversal (~14.7ka), implying a brief shallow restratification, while deeper layers were progressively flushed of d13C-depleted and d18O-enriched waters, likely caused by the increasing influence of deep waters sourced from the North Atlantic. The coincidence of atmospheric CO2increases with these geochemical shifts in both shallow and deep cores suggests that shifts in both atmospheric and oceanic circulation contributed to the deglacial rise of CO2.
#---------------------------------------
# Funding_Agency
#    Funding_Agency_Name: NSF
#    Grant: OCE-0823487 and OCE-0823549-03
#---------------------------------------
# Site Information
# Site_Name:  H214
# Location: New Zealand
# Country: New Zealand
# Northernmost_Latitude: -36.93
# Southernmost_Latitude: -36.93
# Easternmost_Longitude: 177.44
# Westernmost_Longitude: 177.44
# Elevation: -2045
#---------------------------------------
# Data_Collection
#   Collection_Name:  H214 Sikes2016
#   First_Year: 21952
#   Last_Year: 2471
#   Time_Unit: cal yr BP
#   Core_Length: 
#   Notes: 
#---------------------------------------
# Chronology_Information 
# Chronology: 
# Based on radiocarbon dating on tephras
# --	--	--	wtd mean	--	wtd mean	depth of bottom of visible ash in core (cm) 	
# Tephra_name	14C years	+/- 1 sigma 14C	Cal yrs BP (Tom)	+/- 1 sigma years	Cal kyrs BP (IntCal 2013)	87 TC	 87 JPC	79JPC	83 TC	83 JPC	125 JPC	core H214 	
# Tuhua	NaN  NaN	6947	NaN	6.947	96	NaN	31	57	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# Whakatane	4830	20	5499	60	5.499	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# Mamaku	7250	20	8009	70	8.009	NaN  NaN	NaN	72	NaN	81	77.5	
# Rotoma 	8530	10	9296	220	9.296	111	NaN  46	NaN	NaN	NaN	96.5	
# Waiohau	12417	279	13998	110	13.998	160	NaN  81	134	26	NaN	156	
# Rerewhakaaitu	14700	110	17906	147	17.906	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	66	163	205.5	
# Kawakawa	21299	?	25650	40	25.65	NaN  157	330	NaN	164	347	NaN	
# reference for age calculations: Sikes, E. L., and T. P. Guilderson (2016), Southwest Pacific Ocean surface reservoir ages since the last glaciation: Circulation insights from multiple-core studies, Paleoceanography, 31, 298-310.	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# depth of ashes in cores reference: Shane, P. A., E. L. Sikes, and T. P. Guilderson (2006), Tephra beds in deep-sea cores off northern New Zealand: implications for the history of Taupo Volcanic Zone, Mayor Island, and White Island volcanoes, Journal of Volcanic and Geothermal Research, 154(4), 276-290.	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# RS147-GC07	chronology data is in:Sikes, E. L., W. R. Howard, C. R. Samson, T. S. Mahan, L. G. Robertson, and J. K. Volkman (2009), Southern Ocean seasonal temperature and Subtropical Front movement on the South Tasman Rise in the Late Quaternary, Paleoceanography, 24(PA2201), PA2201, doi:2210.1029/2008PA001659.002009.	NaN  NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	
# 
#---------------------------------------
# Variables
# Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two.
# Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab- 10 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data,additional info
## corename	core name,,,,,,,,C,
## core_depth	water depth,,,m,,,,,N,water depth of core site
## depth_cm	depth,,,cm,,,,,N,
## age_calkaBP	age,,,calendar ka BP,,,,,N,
## d13Cc.wuell	delta 13C,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,,per mil PDB,, benthic foraminifera,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
## d18Oc.wuell	delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,,per mil PDB,, benthic foraminifera,,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,
#------------------------
# Data
# Data lines follow (have no #)
# Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header
# Missing Value: NA
corename	core_depth	depth_cm	age_calkaBP	d13Cc.wuell	d18Oc.wuell	
H214	2045	0.5	2.4712	0.33	2.64	
H214	2045	11.1	3.2385	0.38	2.61	
H214	2045	21.7	4.0059	0.23	2.57	
H214	2045	32.2	4.7659	0.37	2.56	
H214	2045	42.8	5.5333	0.53	2.61	
H214	2045	53.4	6.3006	0.45	2.65	
H214	2045	64	7.0679	0.57	2.57	
H214	2045	76.3	7.9583	0.72	2.38	
H214	2045	85.9	8.5739	0.06	2.95	
H214	2045	102	9.7158	0.25	3.11	
H214	2045	104.2	9.9005	0.38	2.88	
H214	2045	106.4	10.0853	0.36	2.35	
H214	2045	108.6	10.27	0.22	3.09	
H214	2045	110.9	10.4631	0.28	2.87	
H214	2045	113.1	10.6478	0.25	3.27	
H214	2045	115.3	10.8325	0.32	2.97	
H214	2045	119.7	11.202	0.26	2.88	
H214	2045	121.9	11.3867	0.22	2.96	
H214	2045	124.2	11.5798	-0.07	3.37	
H214	2045	126.4	11.7645	0.25	3.2	
H214	2045	128.6	11.9493	0.18	3.28	
H214	2045	130.8	12.134	0.05	3.21	
H214	2045	133	12.3187	0.08	3.34	
H214	2045	135.3	12.5118	0.09	3.57	
H214	2045	137.5	12.6966	0.35	3.2	
H214	2045	139.7	12.8813	0.31	3.48	
H214	2045	141.9	13.066	0.25	3.52	
H214	2045	146.3	13.4354	0.24	3.59	
H214	2045	159.5	14.0405	0.06	3.49	
H214	2045	160.6	14.1339	-0.05	3.74	
H214	2045	161.7	14.2274	-0.1	3.87	
H214	2045	162.8	14.3208	-0.02	3.65	
H214	2045	163.9	14.4143	-0.11	3.49	
H214	2045	165	14.5077	0.02	3.61	
H214	2045	176	15.4423	0.1	3.88	
H214	2045	181.5	15.9095	-0.18	3.92	
H214	2045	186.9	16.3683	-0.01	4.13	
H214	2045	192.4	16.8355	-0.03	4.14	
H214	2045	197.9	17.3028	-0.06	4.16	
H214	2045	207.9	18.0527	-0.07	4.11	
H214	2045	211.6	18.3385	-0.1	4.32	
H214	2045	217.3	18.7787	-0.22	4.44	
H214	2045	223.2	19.2343	-0.18	4.34	
H214	2045	234.9	20.1378	-0.29	4.37	
H214	2045	241.9	20.6784	-0.08	4.44	
H214	2045	246.6	21.0414	-0.13	4.41	
H214	2045	258.4	21.9527	-0.1	4.43