# Gulf of Aden 40,000 Year UK37, Mg/Ca, d18O, and TEX86 Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19420 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2015c/tierney2015c.txt # # Archive: Paleoceanography # # Parameter_Keywords: biomarkers, oxygen isotopes, trace metals in carbonates #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-11-29 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Gulf of Aden 40,000 Year UK37, Mg/Ca, d18O, and TEX86 Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Tierney, J.E.; Pausata, F.S.R.; deMenocal, P.B. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Gulf of Aden temperature proxy data, including UK'37, Mg/Ca of foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber, white), # d18O of G. ruber (white), and TEX86 measured on core P178-15P. Chronology for P178-15P may be found at # https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19200 # Provided Keywords: African paleoclimate, Indian Ocean, SSTs #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Tierney, Jessica E.; Pausata, Francesco S. R.; deMenocal, Peter B. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015-11-29 # Published_Title: Deglacial Indian monsoon failure and North Atlantic stadials linked by Indian Ocean surface cooling # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: in press 2015 # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2603 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: The Indian monsoon, the largest monsoon system on Earth, responds to remote climatic forcings, including temperature changes in the North Atlantic. The monsoon was weak during two cool periods that punctuated the last deglaciation - Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. It has been suggested that sea surface cooling in the Indian Ocean was the critical link between these North Atlantic stadials and monsoon failure; however, based on existing proxy records it is unclear whether surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea dropped during these intervals. Here we compile new and existing temperature proxy data from the Arabian Sea, and find that surface temperatures cooled whereas subsurface temperatures warmed during both Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. Our analysis of model simulations shows that surface cooling weakens the monsoon winds and leads to destratification of the water column and substantial subsurface warming. We thus conclude that sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean are indeed the link between North Atlantic climate and the Indian monsoon. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: OCE-1203892 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: P178-15P # Location: Ocean>Indian Ocean>Arabian Sea # Country: # Northernmost_Latitude: 11.955 # Southernmost_Latitude: 11.955 # Easternmost_Longitude: 44.3 # Westernmost_Longitude: 44.3 # Elevation: -869 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Tierney2015C # Earliest_Year: 39485 # Most_Recent_Year: -18 # Time_Unit: Cal. Year BP # Core_Length: 0.9605 m # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology: # This chronology describes the 14C dates on core P178-15P. Calibrated ages in year BP are derived from OxCal 4.2, using the posterior DeltaR values # from the BC1 chronology. This chronology supersceded the chronology previously published by Tierney and deMenocal, 2013 (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15537) # 14C laboratory codes: OS = WHOI NOSAMS, LL = Lawrence Livermore # # Labcode depth_top depth_bottom material.dated 14C.raw.age 14C.raw_err datemeth reservoirCorr delta-R delta-R_1sig calib.14Cage calib.14Cage_1sig calib_method rejected notes # LL-152757 5 6 G. ruber (white) 475 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 <0 NaN OxCal 4.2 no after making the reservoir correction, this date is post-bomb, so rather than calibrating it, we used it to set a uniform prior on the upper bound of the core spanning from 1951-2001 (year of collection) # OS-101647 10 11 G. ruber (white) 740 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 95 46 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101648 20 21 G. ruber (white) 1030 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 368 42 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101649 30 31 G. ruber (white) 1300 20 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 575 31 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152758 41 42 G. ruber (white) 1565 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 731 36 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101650 50 51 G. ruber (white) 1480 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 782 41 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101651 60 61 G. ruber (white) 1650 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 914 37 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101652 70 71 G. ruber (white) 1840 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1121 45 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101654 80 81 G. ruber (white) 2210 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1452 46 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152759 90 91 G. ruber (white) 2465 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1709 50 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101655 110 111 G. ruber (white) 2590 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 1931 45 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101657 130 131 G. ruber (white) 2910 25 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 2308 43 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-110259 145 146 G. ruber (white) 3150 20 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 2656 49 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152760 150 151 G. ruber (white) 3030 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 NaN NaN NaN yes this date was rejected because it is reversed. # OS-101658 160 161 G. ruber (white) 3570 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 3090 59 OxCal 4.2 no # OS-101660 181 182 G. ruber (white) 3970 45 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 3596 65 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152761 200 201 G. ruber (white) 4395 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 4140 61 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156467 220 221 G. ruber (white) 4765 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 4643 69 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152762 260 261 G. ruber (white) 5485 30 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 5546 44 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156468 340 341 G. ruber (white) 6790 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 7051 64 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152763 420 421 G. ruber (white) 9430 35 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 9831 88 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156469 460 461 G. ruber (white) 10045 40 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 10687 80 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152764 520 521 G. ruber (white) 11730 40 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 12883 77 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156470 560 561 G. ruber (white) 12910 45 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 14165 141 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-159387 580 581 G. ruber (white) 14160 40 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 16187 90 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156471 600 601 G. ruber (white) 15370 70 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 17767 102 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152765 640 641 G. ruber (white) 16570 60 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 19241 119 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-159388 680 681 G. ruber (white) 21150 70 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 24548 154 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156472 700 701 G. ruber (white) 23160 160 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 26504 201 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156473 780 781 G. ruber (white) 27170 260 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 30635 240 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-156474 840 841 G. ruber (white) 29180 340 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 33264 284 OxCal 4.2 no # LL-152766 900 901 G. ruber (white) 34930 450 14C AMS Marine13 311 24 37001 385 OxCal 4.2 no # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## depth_cm depth,,,cm,,,,,N ## age_calBP age,,,calendar years before present,,,,,N ## uk37 Alkenone saturation index,,,,,Paleoceanography, UK'37 ratio,,N ## tex86 tetraether index of 86 carbons,,,fraction from 0 to 1,,Paleoceanography,,high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,N ## Mg/Ca Mg/Ca,,,,,Paleoceanography,,,N ## d18O d18O,,,per mil SMOW,,Paleoceanography,,,N ## sst-uk37 Sea Surface Temperature,,,degrees C,,Paleoceanography,,Indian Ocean SST calibration (Sonzogni et al. 1997 Quaternary Research),N ## sst-tex86 Sea Surface Temperature,,,degrees C,,Paleoceanography,,BAYSPAR subsurface calibration (Tierney and Tingley 2015 Scientific Data),N ## sst-mg/ca Sea Surface Temperature,,,degrees C,,Paleoceanography,,New multivariate calibration developed for this study; see Supplementary Information,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NaN depth_cm age_calBP uk37 tex86 Mg/Ca d18O sst-uk37 sst-tex86 sst-mg/ca 1.25 -18 0.986 0.702 5.46 -2.03 29.1 22.5 27.8 6.5 45 NaN NaN 5.13 -2.00 NaN NaN 27.4 7.5 58 0.967 0.694 NaN NaN 28.3 22.0 NaN 11.5 120 0.965 0.696 4.88 -1.86 28.2 22.1 26.7 14.5 203.5 NaN NaN 5.49 -1.92 NaN NaN 27.6 16.5 262 0.968 0.693 NaN NaN 28.3 21.9 NaN 17.5 288.5 NaN NaN 5.34 -2.10 NaN NaN 27.8 19.5 341.5 NaN NaN 5.31 -1.99 NaN NaN 27.6 21.5 389 0.968 0.699 5.05 -2.19 28.3 22.3 27.7 25.5 474.5 NaN NaN 5.16 -2.02 NaN NaN 27.4 28.5 539 0.972 0.701 5.00 -1.98 28.5 22.3 27.2 34.5 634 0.966 0.695 5.21 -2.07 28.3 22.0 27.6 38.5 690 NaN NaN 5.64 -1.99 NaN NaN 28.0 42.5 737 0.975 0.693 NaN NaN 28.7 21.9 NaN 48.5 771 0.972 0.695 5.79 -2.22 28.5 22.1 28.6 58.5 890 0.973 0.698 5.57 -2.23 28.6 22.2 28.4 68.5 1080 NaN NaN 5.66 -2.03 NaN NaN 28.1 71.5 1151 0.975 0.699 5.28 -1.99 28.7 22.3 27.5 103.5 1854 0.972 0.699 5.64 -2.13 28.5 22.3 28.2 128.5 2274 0.966 0.705 4.97 -2.06 28.3 22.6 27.3 148.5 2730 0.968 0.702 5.19 -2.06 28.3 22.5 27.6 164.5 3183 0.956 0.705 5.66 -2.07 27.8 22.6 28.2 170.5 3331 0.965 0.700 5.69 -2.15 28.2 22.4 28.4 178.5 3527 0.960 0.690 5.90 -2.02 28.0 21.7 28.4 180.5 3574 0.968 0.689 5.71 -2.16 28.3 21.8 28.5 188.5 3795 0.961 0.701 NaN NaN 28.0 22.4 NaN 192.5 3914 0.960 0.702 5.28 -2.10 28.0 22.5 27.8 196.5 4032 0.960 0.700 5.31 -1.92 28.0 22.4 27.5 200.5 4140 0.963 0.699 5.10 -2.24 28.1 22.2 27.9 210.5 4393 0.963 0.701 5.23 -2.15 28.1 22.4 27.9 220.5 4643 0.960 0.705 5.28 -2.30 28.0 22.6 28.2 224.5 4732 0.958 0.705 5.68 -1.89 27.9 22.6 27.9 228.5 4822 0.956 0.700 5.44 -2.12 27.8 22.4 28.1 232.5 4912 0.968 0.706 5.55 -2.08 28.3 22.7 28.1 236.5 5004 0.962 0.707 5.14 -1.99 28.1 22.7 27.4 240.5 5096 0.967 0.710 5.29 -1.99 28.3 22.9 27.6 250.5 5325 0.964 0.701 5.13 -2.10 28.2 22.4 27.6 260.5 5546 0.963 0.709 5.59 -2.03 28.1 22.9 28.1 270.5 5724 0.971 0.703 5.56 -2.10 28.5 22.5 28.2 280.5 5913 0.969 0.706 5.43 -2.08 28.4 22.6 28.0 288.5 6065 0.954 0.700 5.71 -2.24 27.7 22.3 28.7 296.5 6217 0.966 0.700 5.61 -2.08 28.3 22.3 28.3 300.5 6294 0.967 0.705 NaN NaN 28.3 22.7 NaN 320.5 6674 0.963 0.711 5.13 -2.32 28.1 23.0 28.2 340.5 7051 0.950 0.715 4.91 -2.24 27.6 23.1 27.8 360.5 7734 0.939 0.701 5.06 -2.27 27.1 22.3 28.1 380.5 8441 0.949 0.691 5.43 -1.89 27.5 21.9 27.7 400.5 9146 0.958 0.697 5.05 -2.27 27.9 22.3 28.0 412.5 9566 0.950 0.694 5.19 -2.15 27.6 21.9 28.0 420.5 9831 0.948 0.692 5.69 -1.72 27.5 21.8 27.8 428.5 10003 0.948 0.699 5.68 -1.61 27.5 22.4 27.6 434.5 10134 0.950 0.698 5.87 -1.64 27.6 22.2 27.9 440.5 10266 0.952 0.698 5.28 -1.81 27.7 22.3 27.5 460.5 10687 0.948 0.695 4.78 -1.74 27.5 22.0 26.8 470.5 11050 0.948 0.691 5.22 -1.63 27.5 21.8 27.2 480.5 11419 0.946 0.693 NaN NaN 27.4 21.9 NaN 484.5 11568 0.942 0.694 4.83 -1.37 27.2 22.0 26.3 488.5 11717 0.939 0.707 5.05 -1.02 27.1 22.7 25.9 492.5 11865 0.937 0.708 4.58 -0.93 27.0 22.8 25.1 496.5 12014 0.940 0.701 4.47 -1.30 27.1 22.3 25.8 500.5 12161 0.936 0.711 4.29 -0.89 27.0 23.0 24.7 510.5 12532 0.936 0.698 4.62 -0.83 27.0 22.2 25.1 520.5 12883 0.934 0.666 4.98 -1.24 26.9 20.4 26.5 530.5 13203 0.937 0.659 5.02 -1.16 27.0 20.0 26.5 540.5 13535 0.936 0.656 5.23 -1.01 27.0 19.7 26.5 550.5 13863 0.934 0.661 4.22 -0.84 26.9 20.0 24.8 560.5 14165 0.934 0.669 4.77 -0.48 26.9 20.5 25.0 564.5 14564 0.933 0.666 4.67 -0.77 26.8 20.4 25.5 568.5 14985 0.933 0.684 4.49 -0.88 26.8 21.4 25.6 572.5 15407 0.934 0.699 4.57 -0.64 26.9 22.3 25.3 576.5 15825 0.926 0.693 5.08 -0.85 26.5 21.9 26.6 580.5 16187 0.926 0.717 NaN NaN 26.5 23.4 NaN 590.5 16979 0.917 0.693 3.97 -0.41 26.1 21.8 24.3 600.5 17767 0.906 0.653 NaN NaN 25.7 19.6 NaN 610.5 18134 0.900 0.634 3.76 -0.47 25.4 18.5 24.2 620.5 18509 0.893 0.620 4.60 -0.36 25.1 17.7 25.3 640.5 19241 0.909 0.638 5.03 -0.53 25.8 18.7 26.2 660.5 21911 0.906 0.645 3.94 -0.68 25.7 19.1 24.8 680.5 24548 0.902 0.641 4.77 -0.57 25.5 18.9 25.7 690.5 25535 0.911 0.644 4.07 -0.81 25.9 19.1 25.1 700.5 26504 0.908 0.633 NaN NaN 25.7 18.4 NaN 710.5 27009 0.897 0.622 4.55 -0.58 25.3 17.8 25.4 720.5 27522 0.901 0.629 4.89 -0.63 25.4 18.1 25.9 730.5 28041 0.922 0.646 4.55 -0.54 26.3 19.2 25.3 740.5 28558 0.912 0.658 4.49 -0.64 25.9 19.8 25.4 750.5 29075 0.922 0.623 4.60 -0.56 26.3 17.8 25.4 760.5 29596 0.912 0.637 NaN NaN 25.9 18.6 NaN 770.5 30115 0.918 0.641 5.07 -0.89 26.2 18.9 26.6 780.5 30635 0.910 0.636 4.75 -0.86 25.8 18.6 26.1 800.5 31488 0.915 0.642 4.36 -0.99 26.0 18.9 25.8 810.5 31928 0.926 0.636 5.00 -0.99 26.5 18.6 26.7 820.5 32370 0.923 0.622 5.00 -1.34 26.4 17.7 27.4 840.5 33264 0.908 0.628 5.24 -0.82 25.7 18.2 26.6 850.5 33872 0.923 0.619 4.42 -0.85 26.4 17.5 25.6 860.5 34500 0.922 0.623 NaN NaN 26.3 17.8 NaN 870.5 35132 0.923 0.661 4.36 -0.68 26.4 20.1 25.0 880.5 35764 0.909 0.672 4.82 -0.71 25.8 20.7 25.7 890.5 36388 0.907 0.635 4.15 -1.03 25.7 18.5 25.4 900.5 37001 0.893 0.622 NaN NaN 25.1 17.7 NaN 910.5 37413 0.902 0.619 4.63 -1.02 25.5 17.5 26.0 920.5 37827 0.908 0.613 NaN NaN 25.7 17.2 NaN 930.5 38242 0.910 0.623 NaN NaN 25.8 17.9 NaN 940.5 38657 0.901 0.606 NaN NaN 25.4 16.8 NaN 960.5 39485 0.893 0.624 NaN NaN 25.1 17.9 NaN