Gulf of Maine Last Millennium Bivalve d18O Data and SST Reconstruction ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Gulf of Maine Last Millennium Bivalve d18O Data and SST Reconstruction LAST UPDATE: 5/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Alan D. Wanamaker, Jr., University of Wales at Bangor IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-051 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Wanamaker, A.D., et al. 2008. Gulf of Maine Last Millennium Bivalve d18O Data and SST Reconstruction. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-051. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Wanamaker, A.D., Jr., K.J. Kreutz, B.R. Schöne, N. Pettigrew, H.W Borns, D.S. Introne, D. Belknap, K.A. Maasch, and S. Feindel. 2008. Coupled North Atlantic slope water forcing on Gulf of Maine temperatures over the past millennium. Climate Dynamics, Vol. 31, Numbers 2-3, pp. 183-194, August 2008. doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0344-8, ABSTRACT: To investigate ocean variability during the last millennium in the Western Gulf of Maine (GOM), we collected a 142-year-old living bivalve (Arctica islandica L.) in 2004, and three fossil A. islandica shells (calibrated 14CAMS = 1030 ± 78 AD; 1320 ± 45 AD; 1357 ± 40 AD) for stable isotope and growth increment analysis. A statistically significant relationship exists between modern GOM temperature records [shell isotope-derived (30 m) (r = -0.79; P < 0.007), Prince 5 (50 m) (r = -0.72; P < 0.019), Boothbay Harbor SST (r = -0.76; P < 0.011)], and Labrador Current (LC) transport data from the Eastern Newfoundland Slope during 1993–2003. In all cases, as LC transport increased, GOM water temperatures decreased the following year. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) influence GOM water temperatures in the most recent period, with water temperatures decreasing during NAO and AMO negative modes most likely linked to LC transport and Gulf Stream interaction. Mean shell-derived isotopic changes (d18Oc) during the last 1,000 years were +0.47 per mil and likely reflect a 1–2°C cooling from 1000 AD to present. Based on these results, we suggest that observed cooling in the GOM during the last millennium was due to increased transport and/or cooling of the LC, and decreased Gulf Stream influence on the GOM. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Gulf of Maine, western North Atlantic PERIOD OF RECORD: 1033 - 2003 AD FUNDING SOURCES: US National Science Foundation (NSF ATM-0222553), German Research Foundation (DFG) grant (to BRS) within the framework of the Emmy Noether Program (SCH0793/1). DESCRIPTION: Shell-derived oxygen isotope record from the bivalve Arctica islandica in the western Gulf of Maine for intervals during the last millennium. Sample Location: 43°39'22.14" S, 69°48'6" W, 30m water depth. DATA: Gulf of Maine Last Millennium Bivalve d18O Data and SST Reconstruction Column 1: Calendar Age (reservoir corrected; see text for error estimates for fossil shells) Column 2: Raw annual d-18O (VPBD) shell values Column 3: Calculated seawater temperature using the modified Grossman and Ku (1986) aragonite equation Column 4: Salinity (psu)- from 1928 - 2003 actual vales from Prince 5 station at 50 m; before 1928 longterm mean of 32.1 ± 0.22 was used Column 5: Calculated annual d-18Owater based on Houghton and Fairbanks (2001) Age d18O SST SSS d18Ow 1033 1.14 7.88 32.1 -1.35 1034 1.06 8.2 32.1 -1.35 1035 0.8 9.32 32.1 -1.35 1036 0.69 9.81 32.1 -1.35 1037 1.21 7.56 32.1 -1.35 1038 1.4 6.76 32.1 -1.35 1039 1.26 7.34 32.1 -1.35 1040 0.85 9.15 32.1 -1.35 1041 0.95 8.68 32.1 -1.35 1042 1.07 8.17 32.1 -1.35 1043 1.47 6.42 32.1 -1.35 1044 0.87 9.03 32.1 -1.35 1045 1.52 6.23 32.1 -1.35 1046 0.78 9.43 32.1 -1.35 1047 1.46 6.48 32.1 -1.35 1048 0.98 8.56 32.1 -1.35 1049 1.75 5.22 32.1 -1.35 1050 0.98 8.58 32.1 -1.35 1051 1.2 7.61 32.1 -1.35 1052 1.15 7.82 32.1 -1.35 1053 1.16 7.79 32.1 -1.35 1054 1.37 6.86 32.1 -1.35 1055 1.05 8.27 32.1 -1.35 1056 1.45 6.54 32.1 -1.35 1057 1.43 6.63 32.1 -1.35 1058 1.4 6.72 32.1 -1.35 1059 1.35 6.97 32.1 -1.35 1060 1.21 7.58 32.1 -1.35 1061 1.26 7.34 32.1 -1.35 1062 1.12 7.97 32.1 -1.35 1063 1.61 5.84 32.1 -1.35 1064 1.34 7.01 32.1 -1.35 1065 1.39 6.8 32.1 -1.35 1066 1.33 7.06 32.1 -1.35 1067 1.24 7.44 32.1 -1.35 1068 1.11 8.02 32.1 -1.35 1069 1.19 7.65 32.1 -1.35 1070 1.25 7.38 32.1 -1.35 1071 1.33 7.04 32.1 -1.35 1072 1.5 6.3 32.1 -1.35 1073 1.32 7.08 32.1 -1.35 1074 1.3 7.16 32.1 -1.35 1075 1.5 6.29 32.1 -1.35 1076 1.44 6.56 32.1 -1.35 1077 1.19 7.66 32.1 -1.35 1078 1.43 6.6 32.1 -1.35 1320 1.68 5.7 32.1 -1.35 1321 1.83 5.05 32.1 -1.35 1322 1.56 6.22 32.1 -1.35 1323 1.79 5.22 32.1 -1.35 1324 1.87 4.87 32.1 -1.35 1325 1.45 6.7 32.1 -1.35 1326 1.77 5.31 32.1 -1.35 1327 1.57 6.17 32.1 -1.35 1328 1.47 6.61 32.1 -1.35 1329 1.76 5.35 32.1 -1.35 1330 1.69 5.65 32.1 -1.35 1331 1.36 7.09 32.1 -1.35 1332 1.08 8.3 32.1 -1.35 1333 1.2 7.78 32.1 -1.35 1334 1.44 6.74 32.1 -1.35 1335 1.52 6.39 32.1 -1.35 1336 1.52 6.39 32.1 -1.35 1337 1.3 7.35 32.1 -1.35 1338 1.32 7.26 32.1 -1.35 1339 1.73 5.48 32.1 -1.35 1340 1.4 6.91 32.1 -1.35 1341 1.32 7.26 32.1 -1.35 1342 1.46 6.65 32.1 -1.35 1343 1.63 5.91 32.1 -1.35 1344 1.66 5.78 32.1 -1.35 1345 1.57 6.17 32.1 -1.35 1346 1.64 5.87 32.1 -1.35 1347 1.69 5.65 32.1 -1.35 1348 1.6 6.04 32.1 -1.35 1349 1.59 6.09 32.1 -1.35 1350 1.37 7.04 32.1 -1.35 1351 0.93 8.95 32.1 -1.35 1352 1.47 6.61 32.1 -1.35 1353 1.64 5.87 32.1 -1.35 1362 1.65 6.19 32.1 -1.35 1363 1.4 7.25 32.1 -1.35 1364 1.61 6.35 32.1 -1.35 1365 1.34 7.53 32.1 -1.35 1366 1.22 8.02 32.1 -1.35 1367 1.19 8.18 32.1 -1.35 1368 1.09 8.59 32.1 -1.35 1369 1.46 7.02 32.1 -1.35 1370 1.67 6.09 32.1 -1.35 1371 1.59 6.45 32.1 -1.35 1372 1.66 6.14 32.1 -1.35 1373 1.65 6.16 32.1 -1.35 1374 1.58 6.46 32.1 -1.35 1375 1.68 6.05 32.1 -1.35 1376 1.53 6.71 32.1 -1.35 1377 1.52 6.74 32.1 -1.35 1378 1.87 5.21 32.1 -1.35 1379 1.35 7.46 32.1 -1.35 1380 1.37 7.37 32.1 -1.35 1381 1.33 7.56 32.1 -1.35 1382 1.68 6.03 32.1 -1.35 1383 1.78 5.62 32.1 -1.35 1384 1.68 6.05 32.1 -1.35 1385 1.79 5.55 32.1 -1.35 1386 1.78 5.6 32.1 -1.35 1387 1.87 5.23 32.1 -1.35 1388 1.83 5.38 32.1 -1.35 1389 1.7 5.96 32.1 -1.35 1390 1.65 6.19 32.1 -1.35 1391 1.56 6.56 32.1 -1.35 1392 1.79 5.55 32.1 -1.35 1393 1.61 6.36 32.1 -1.35 1394 1.92 4.99 32.1 -1.35 1395 1.81 5.47 32.1 -1.35 1396 1.85 5.29 32.1 -1.35 1397 1.63 6.26 32.1 -1.35 1398 1.5 6.83 32.1 -1.35 1399 1.86 5.26 32.1 -1.35 1400 1.59 6.43 32.1 -1.35 1401 1.53 6.7 32.1 -1.35 1402 1.26 7.87 32.1 -1.35 1403 1.34 7.52 32.1 -1.35 1404 1.01 8.93 32.1 -1.35 1405 0.93 9.31 32.1 -1.35 1406 1.22 8.05 32.1 -1.35 1407 1.17 8.24 32.1 -1.35 1408 1.57 6.52 32.1 -1.35 1409 1.52 6.74 32.1 -1.35 1410 1.35 7.49 32.1 -1.35 1411 1.45 7.03 32.1 -1.35 1412 1.31 7.67 32.1 -1.35 1413 1.45 7.02 32.1 -1.35 1414 1.5 6.83 32.1 -1.35 1415 1.59 6.43 32.1 -1.35 1416 1.25 7.91 32.1 -1.35 1417 1.42 7.18 32.1 -1.35 1418 1.3 7.69 32.1 -1.35 1419 1.38 7.36 32.1 -1.35 1420 1.35 7.48 32.1 -1.35 1421 1.43 7.13 32.1 -1.35 1422 1.7 5.95 32.1 -1.35 1423 1.75 5.75 32.1 -1.35 1424 1.58 6.5 32.1 -1.35 1425 1.57 6.54 32.1 -1.35 1426 1.64 6.22 32.1 -1.35 1427 1.38 7.36 32.1 -1.35 1428 1.3 7.69 32.1 -1.35 1429 1.56 6.57 32.1 -1.35 1430 1.48 6.89 32.1 -1.35 1431 1.4 7.26 32.1 -1.35 1432 1.35 7.48 32.1 -1.35 1433 1.16 8.31 32.1 -1.35 1434 1.31 7.66 32.1 -1.35 1435 1.58 6.5 32.1 -1.35 1436 1.66 6.13 32.1 -1.35 1437 1.57 6.52 32.1 -1.35 1438 1.18 8.21 32.1 -1.35 1439 1.21 8.06 32.1 -1.35 1440 1.23 8 32.1 -1.35 1441 1.49 6.89 32.1 -1.35 1442 1.5 6.83 32.1 -1.35 1443 1.44 7.1 32.1 -1.35 1444 1.29 7.73 32.1 -1.35 1445 1.15 8.34 32.1 -1.35 1446 1.2 8.11 32.1 -1.35 1447 1.15 8.34 32.1 -1.35 1448 1.1 8.55 32.1 -1.35 1449 1.2 8.13 32.1 -1.35 1450 1.37 7.4 32.1 -1.35 1451 1.39 7.32 32.1 -1.35 1452 1.47 6.96 32.1 -1.35 1453 1.83 5.39 32.1 -1.35 1454 1.51 6.77 32.1 -1.35 1455 1.37 7.39 32.1 -1.35 1456 1.26 7.87 32.1 -1.35 1457 1.52 6.74 32.1 -1.35 1458 1.12 8.47 32.1 -1.35 1459 1.13 8.43 32.1 -1.35 1460 0.88 9.52 32.1 -1.35 1461 1.05 8.78 32.1 -1.35 1462 1.1 8.55 32.1 -1.35 1463 1.32 7.61 32.1 -1.35 1464 1.19 8.17 32.1 -1.35 1465 1.12 8.47 32.1 -1.35 1466 1.35 7.46 32.1 -1.35 1467 2.01 4.61 32.1 -1.35 1468 1.51 6.78 32.1 -1.35 1469 1.8 5.52 32.1 -1.35 1470 1.5 6.81 32.1 -1.35 1864 1.74 6.3 32.1 -1.35 1865 1.68 6.57 32.1 -1.35 1866 1.3 8.21 32.1 -1.35 1867 1.79 6.09 32.1 -1.35 1868 1.7 6.48 32.1 -1.35 1869 1.23 8.52 32.1 -1.35 1870 1.64 6.74 32.1 -1.35 1871 1.84 5.87 32.1 -1.35 1872 1.49 7.39 32.1 -1.35 1873 1.54 7.17 32.1 -1.35 1874 1.16 8.82 32.1 -1.35 1875 1.39 7.82 32.1 -1.35 1876 1.48 7.43 32.1 -1.35 1877 1.71 6.43 32.1 -1.35 1878 1.62 6.83 32.1 -1.35 1879 1.72 6.39 32.1 -1.35 1880 1.58 7 32.1 -1.35 1881 2 5.18 32.1 -1.35 1882 2.15 4.53 32.1 -1.35 1883 1.9 5.61 32.1 -1.35 1884 1.95 5.39 32.1 -1.35 1885 1.47 7.48 32.1 -1.35 1886 1.64 6.74 32.1 -1.35 1887 1.66 6.65 32.1 -1.35 1888 1.67 6.61 32.1 -1.35 1889 1.81 6 32.1 -1.35 1890 1.65 6.68 32.1 -1.35 1891 1.68 6.57 32.1 -1.35 1892 1.51 7.32 32.1 -1.35 1893 1.56 7.08 32.1 -1.35 1894 1.6 6.93 32.1 -1.35 1895 1.57 7.04 32.1 -1.35 1896 1.65 6.68 32.1 -1.35 1897 1.76 6.24 32.1 -1.35 1898 1.7 6.46 32.1 -1.35 1899 1.71 6.43 32.1 -1.35 1900 1.52 7.25 32.1 -1.35 1901 1.48 7.42 32.1 -1.35 1902 1.47 7.49 32.1 -1.35 1903 1.81 6.02 32.1 -1.35 1904 2.05 4.98 32.1 -1.35 1905 1.71 6.42 32.1 -1.35 1906 1.8 6.04 32.1 -1.35 1907 1.83 5.91 32.1 -1.35 1908 1.74 6.33 32.1 -1.35 1909 1.79 6.1 32.1 -1.35 1910 1.86 5.79 32.1 -1.35 1911 1.92 5.54 32.1 -1.35 1912 1.84 5.86 32.1 -1.35 1913 1.8 6.04 32.1 -1.35 1914 1.86 5.78 32.1 -1.35 1915 1.79 6.09 32.1 -1.35 1916 1.83 5.91 32.1 -1.35 1917 1.8 6.04 32.1 -1.35 1918 1.81 6 32.1 -1.35 1919 1.82 5.95 32.1 -1.35 1920 1.8 6.04 32.1 -1.35 1921 1.82 5.96 32.1 -1.35 1922 1.83 5.91 32.1 -1.35 1923 1.92 5.52 32.1 -1.35 1924 2.01 5.15 32.1 -1.35 1925 2.07 4.86 32.1 -1.35 1926 2.03 5.04 32.1 -1.35 1927 1.84 5.88 32.1 -1.35 1928 1.94 7.01 32.74 -0.99 1929 2.02 5.65 32.33 -1.23 1930 1.72 5.8 31.86 -1.49 1931 1.89 5.41 32 -1.41 1932 1.7 6.39 32.07 -1.37 1933 1.66 6.44 32.01 -1.41 1934 1.91 6.01 32.28 -1.25 1935 1.62 6.72 32.06 -1.38 1936 1.94 5.54 32.14 -1.33 1937 1.65 6.67 32.09 -1.36 1938 1.91 5.56 32.1 -1.36 1939 2 5.38 32.18 -1.31 1940 1.97 5.3 32.1 -1.36 1941 1.8 5.43 31.85 -1.5 1942 1.75 5.61 31.83 -1.5 1943 1.93 5.63 32.16 -1.32 1944 1.92 6.04 32.31 -1.23 1945 1.77 5.01 31.63 -1.62 1946 1.81 5.84 32.04 -1.39 1947 1.69 6.7 32.18 -1.31 1948 1.84 5.83 32.08 -1.37 1949 1.67 6.8 32.17 -1.31 1950 1.7 6.85 32.25 -1.27 1951 1.24 7.27 31.61 -1.63 1952 1.31 7.74 31.93 -1.45 1953 1.2 8.4 32 -1.41 1954 1.35 7.67 31.97 -1.43 1955 1.4 7.93 32.16 -1.32 1956 1.52 7.26 32.1 -1.36 1957 1.6 7.49 32.34 -1.22 1958 1.8 5.75 31.98 -1.42 1959 1.73 6.21 32.05 -1.38 1960 1.79 5.64 31.92 -1.46 1961 1.77 5.84 31.95 -1.44 1962 2.01 4.41 31.81 -1.52 1963 1.7 6.01 31.91 -1.46 1964 1.94 5.24 32.01 -1.4 1965 1.81 5.77 32 -1.41 1966 1.89 5.53 32.04 -1.39 1967 1.87 5.22 31.9 -1.47 1968 1.8 6.07 32.11 -1.35 1969 1.82 5.94 32.09 -1.36 1970 1.71 5.92 31.9 -1.47 1971 1.61 6.45 31.93 -1.45 1972 1.82 5.49 31.91 -1.46 1973 1.58 6.26 31.79 -1.53 1974 1.87 6.11 32.25 -1.27 1975 1.6 6.4 31.89 -1.47 1976 1.88 6.5 32.42 -1.17 1977 1.82 6.23 32.21 -1.29 1978 1.92 5.81 32.22 -1.29 1979 1.79 6.56 32.29 -1.24 1980 1.73 7.22 32.45 -1.16 1981 1.58 6.5 31.9 -1.47 1982 1.6 6.83 32.07 -1.37 1983 1.54 6.33 31.76 -1.55 1984 1.56 5.88 31.61 -1.63 1985 1.85 6.57 32.4 -1.18 1986 1.91 5.95 32.25 -1.27 1987 1.7 6.57 32.14 -1.33 1988 1.81 6.06 32.13 -1.34 1989 1.75 6.31 32.12 -1.34 1990 1.76 6.7 32.3 -1.24 1991 1.76 5.52 31.82 -1.51 1992 1.68 5.62 31.72 -1.57 1993 1.73 5.51 31.77 -1.54 1994 1.53 8.25 32.52 -1.12 1995 1.36 7.76 32.02 -1.4 1996 1.5 7.35 31.66 -1.6 1997 1.53 6.66 31.87 -1.48 1998 1.59 5.87 31.66 -1.6 1999 1.53 7.29 32.13 -1.34 2000 1.4 7.95 32.17 -1.32 2001 1.42 7.61 32.07 -1.37 2002 1.2 8.65 32.34 -1.22 2003 1.64 7.07 32.24 -1.28