California Current 136KYr Alkenone Sea Surface Temperature Estimates ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: California Current 136KYr Alkenone Sea Surface Temperature Estimates LAST UPDATE: 10/2007 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Masanobu Yamamoto, Hokkaido University IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2007-100 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Yamamoto, M., et al. 2007. California Current 136KYr Alkenone Sea Surface Temperature Estimates. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2007-100. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Yamamoto, M., M. Yamamuro, and Y. Tanaka. 2007. The California current system during the last 136,000 years: response of the North Pacific High to precessional forcing. Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 26, pp. 405–414. ABSTRACT: Alkenone sea surface temperature (SST) records were generated from the Ocean Drilling Program's (ODP) Sites 1014 and 1016 to examine the response of the California Current System to global climate change during the last 136 ka. The temperature differences between these sites (D SST NEP = SST ODP1014–SST ODP1016) reflected the intensity of the California Current and varied between 0.4 and 6.1°C. A high D SST NEP (weaker California Current) was found for late marine isotope stage (MIS) 2 and early MIS 5e, while a low D SST NEP (stronger California Current) was detected for mid-MIS 5e and MIS 1. Spectral analysis indicated that this variation pattern dominated 23- (precession) and 30-ka periods. Comparison of the D SST NEP and SST based on data from core MD01-2421 at the Japan margin revealed anti-phase variation; the high D SST NEP (weakening of the California Current) corresponded to the low SST at the Japan margin (the southward displacement of the NW Pacific subarctic boundary), and vice versa. This variation was synchronous with a model prediction of the tropical El Nino-Southern Oscillation behavior. These findings suggest that the intensity of the North Pacific High varied in response to precessional forcing, and also that the response has been linked with the changes of tropical ocean– atmosphere interactions. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Minagawa, M., D.A. Winter, and I.R. Kaplan. 1984. Comparison of Kjeldahl and combustion methods for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios in organic matter. Anal. Chem. 56, 1859-1861. Prahl, F.G., L.A. Muehlhausen, and D.L. Zahnle. 1988. Further evaluation of long-chain alkenones as indicators of paleoceanographic conditions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2303-2310. Yamamoto, M., M. Yamamuro, and R. Tada. 2000. Late Quaternary records of organic carbon, calcium carbonate and biomarkers from Site 1016 off Point Conception, California margin. ODP Scientific Results, 167, 183-194. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Northeast Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 136 KYrBP - present FUNDING SOURCE: Science and Technology Agency of Japan DESCRIPTION: Alkenones and alkenoates were analyzed following the method of Yamamoto et al. (2000). The alkenone unsaturation index UK'37 was calculated from the concentrations of di- and tri-unsaturated C37 alken-2-ones [C37MK] using the expression (Prahl et al., 1988). To determine stable nitrogen isotope ratios, samples were combusted at 1020°C in a Fisons Instruments EA1108 elemental analyzer (Beverly, MA, USA). The generated N2 was introduced into a Finnigan Delta Plus isotope-ratio mass spectrometer (Thermo Electron Corp., Waltham, MA, USA) by using a He carrier. The ratio of 15N/14N was expressed relative to the N2 in air. Machine drift during analyses was checked with l-a-alanine (d15N = 7.61 per mil) every three samples. Accuracy was determined using interlaboratory-determined nitroarginine following the method of Minagawa et al. (1984). ODP Site 1014: 32°48'N, 118°54'W, 1165m. depth ODP Site 1016: 34°32'N, 122°17'W, 3834m. depth DATA: 1. ODP Site 1014 Alkenone SST Column 1: Site-Hole-Core-Type-Section Column 2: Top (cm) Column 3: Bottom (cm) Column 4: Depth (mbsf) Column 5: Depth (mcd) Column 6: Age (ka) Column 7: d15N (permil) Column 8: UK37' Column 9: Temperature (deg C) SiteHole Top Bot. MBSF MCD Age d15N UK37' Temperature (deg.C) 1014A1H 1 5 7 0.05 0.05 0.87 7.89 0.576 15.81 1014A1H 1 25 27 0.25 0.25 2.30 7.72 0.576 15.80 1014A1H 1 45 47 0.45 0.45 3.72 7.98 0.574 15.74 1014A1H 1 65 67 0.65 0.65 5.15 8.20 0.577 15.82 1014A1H 1 85 87 0.85 0.85 6.58 8.82 0.589 16.18 1014A1H 1 105 107 1.05 1.05 8.01 8.54 0.591 16.24 1014A1H 1 125 127 1.25 1.25 9.55 8.40 0.576 15.78 1014A1H 1 138 140 1.38 1.38 11.10 8.44 0.581 15.94 1014A1H 2 5 7 1.55 1.55 12.64 7.56 0.570 15.62 1014A1H 2 25 27 1.75 1.75 13.87 7.83 0.569 15.60 1014A1H 2 45 47 1.95 1.95 15.10 7.96 0.575 15.76 1014A1H 2 65 67 2.15 2.15 16.93 6.13 0.597 16.43 1014A1H 2 85 87 2.35 2.35 18.77 5.75 0.591 16.23 1014A1H 2 105 107 2.55 2.55 19.17 5.71 0.548 14.97 1014A1H 2 125 127 2.75 2.75 19.57 5.60 0.594 16.34 1014A1H 2 145 147 2.95 2.95 20.06 5.35 0.547 14.93 1014A1HCC 5 7 3.05 3.05 20.55 5.57 0.513 13.94 1014A2H 1 5 7 3.15 3.8 26.10 5.31 0.471 12.70 1014A2H 1 25 27 3.35 4 27.59 5.71 0.496 13.45 1014A2H 1 45 47 3.55 4.2 29.07 5.85 0.441 11.82 1014A2H 1 65 67 3.75 4.4 30.55 6.12 0.465 12.54 1014A2H 1 85 87 3.95 4.6 32.03 6.34 0.478 12.92 1014A2H 1 105 107 4.15 4.8 33.51 6.84 0.463 12.47 1014A2H 1 125 127 4.35 5 34.99 6.52 0.457 12.29 1014A2H 1 145 147 4.55 5.2 36.47 6.30 0.497 13.48 1014A2H 2 5 7 4.65 5.3 37.21 6.18 0.508 13.79 1014A2H 2 25 27 4.85 5.5 38.70 5.88 0.508 13.80 1014A2H 2 45 47 5.05 5.7 40.18 6.55 0.509 13.82 1014A2H 2 65 67 5.25 5.9 41.66 6.69 0.531 14.48 1014A2H 2 85 87 5.45 6.1 43.14 6.14 0.495 13.42 1014A2H 2 125 127 5.85 6.5 48.10 7.38 0.512 13.90 1014A2H 2 145 147 6.05 6.7 50.69 6.36 0.518 14.10 1014A2H 3 5 7 6.15 6.8 51.64 6.75 0.496 13.45 1014A2H 3 25 27 6.35 7 53.54 7.22 0.478 12.92 1014A2H 3 45 47 6.55 7.2 55.45 6.61 0.479 12.94 1014A2H 3 65 67 6.75 7.4 58.26 5.69 0.501 13.58 1014A2H 3 85 87 6.95 7.6 60.36 5.14 0.464 12.51 1014A2H 3 105 107 7.15 7.8 62.22 5.17 0.466 12.55 1014A2H 3 125 127 7.35 8 64.09 4.91 0.456 12.27 1014A2H 3 138 140 7.48 8.13 65.91 4.58 0.478 12.92 1014A2H 4 5 7 7.65 8.3 68.30 5.06 0.480 12.97 1014A2H 4 25 27 7.85 8.5 71.10 5.38 0.488 13.21 1014A2H 4 45 47 8.05 8.7 73.91 5.57 0.488 13.20 1014A2H 4 65 67 8.25 8.9 74.88 5.63 0.514 13.97 1014A2H 4 85 87 8.45 9.1 75.85 5.95 0.525 14.29 1014A2H 4 105 107 8.65 9.3 76.82 6.07 0.559 15.29 1014A2H 4 125 127 8.85 9.5 77.79 6.62 0.598 16.45 1014A2H 4 145 147 9.05 9.7 78.76 7.34 0.611 16.83 1014A2H 5 5 7 9.15 9.8 79.25 6.52 0.570 15.62 1014A2H 5 25 27 9.35 10 82.37 6.35 0.547 14.95 1014A2H 5 45 47 9.55 10.2 85.49 5.72 0.572 15.67 1014A2H 5 65 67 9.75 10.4 88.61 5.58 0.565 15.48 1014A2H 5 85 87 9.95 10.6 91.39 6.04 0.548 14.97 1014A2H 5 105 107 10.15 10.8 93.14 6.15 0.550 15.02 1014A2H 5 125 127 10.35 11 94.90 5.97 0.565 15.46 1014A2H 5 145 147 10.55 11.2 96.75 6.22 0.574 15.73 1014A2H 6 5 7 10.65 11.3 97.84 6.14 0.596 16.40 1014A2H 6 25 27 10.85 11.5 100.02 5.94 0.588 16.14 1014A2H 6 45 47 11.05 11.7 102.20 6.21 0.598 16.45 1014A2H 6 65 67 11.25 11.9 104.29 6.45 0.596 16.38 1014A2H 6 85 87 11.45 12.1 106.29 6.00 0.581 15.94 1014A2H 6 105 107 11.65 12.3 108.29 6.24 0.582 15.96 1014A2H 6 125 127 11.85 12.5 110.29 5.67 0.570 15.62 1014A2H 6 145 147 12.05 12.7 112.75 5.62 0.568 15.55 1014A2H 7 5 7 12.15 12.8 114.06 5.58 0.561 15.36 1014A2H 7 25 27 12.35 13 116.68 6.16 0.592 16.25 1014A2H 7 45 47 12.55 13.2 119.29 6.20 0.646 17.87 1014A2H 7 65 67 12.75 13.4 121.91 7.40 0.685 19.01 1014A2HCC 5 7 12.97 13.62 123.27 7.84 0.673 18.65 1014A2HCC 21 23 13.13 13.78 123.96 7.64 0.677 18.77 1014A3H 1 5 7 12.65 13.81 124.09 6.17 0.596 16.39 1014A3H 1 25 27 12.85 14.01 125.01 5.97 0.578 15.85 1014A3H 1 45 47 13.05 14.21 127.05 7.14 0.693 19.24 1014A3H 1 65 67 13.25 14.41 129.38 6.63 0.565 15.47 1014A3H 1 85 87 13.45 14.61 130.71 7.04 0.580 15.91 1014A3H 1 105 107 13.65 14.81 131.79 6.68 0.571 15.65 1014A3H 1 125 127 13.85 15.01 132.87 6.92 0.580 15.90 1014A3H 1 145 147 14.05 15.21 133.95 6.03 0.609 16.77 1014A3H 2 5 7 14.15 15.31 134.49 6.14 0.563 15.42 1014A3H 2 25 27 14.35 15.51 135.57 6.42 0.495 13.41 1014A3H 2 45 47 14.55 15.71 136.65 6.38 0.501 13.59 1014A3H 2 65 67 14.75 15.91 137.74 6.37 0.491 13.29 1014A3H 2 85 87 14.95 16.11 138.82 6.32 0.464 12.51 1014A3H 2 105 107 15.15 16.31 139.90 6.52 0.471 12.70 1014A3H 2 125 127 15.35 16.51 140.98 6.66 0.470 12.67 1014A3H 2 145 147 15.55 16.71 142.06 6.39 0.468 12.62 1014A3H 3 5 7 15.65 16.81 143.10 6.30 0.502 13.61 1014A3H 3 25 27 15.85 17.01 145.85 5.75 0.498 13.49 1014A3H 3 45 47 16.05 17.21 148.60 5.79 0.484 13.10 1014A3H 3 65 67 16.25 17.41 151.34 6.61 0.470 12.68 1014A3H 3 85 87 16.45 17.61 153.54 7.62 0.506 13.74 1014A3H 3 105 107 16.65 17.81 155.30 6.92 0.474 12.79 1014A3H 3 125 127 16.85 18.01 157.05 6.34 0.447 12.00 1014A3H 3 138 140 16.98 18.14 158.19 6.31 1. ODP Site 1016 Alkenone SST Column 1: Site-Hole-Core-Type-Section Column 2: Top (cm) Column 3: Bottom (cm) Column 4: Depth (m) Column 5: Age (ka) Column 6: d15N (permil) Column 7: UK37' Column 8: Temperature (deg C) SiteHole Top Bot. Depth Age d15N UK37' Temperature (deg.C) 1016C1H 1 0 3 0.00 3.19 8.01 0.531 14.46 1016C1H 1 9 12 0.09 4.42 7.98 0.555 15.17 1016C1H 1 18 21 0.18 5.66 8.46 0.513 13.93 1016C1H 1 27 30 0.27 6.89 8.87 0.509 13.81 1016C1H 1 36 39 0.36 8.13 9.09 0.521 14.17 1016C1H 1 45 48 0.45 10.03 9.39 0.508 13.80 1016C1H 1 54 57 0.54 11.94 8.86 0.525 14.31 1016C1H 1 63 66 0.63 14.34 8.00 0.406 10.80 1016C1H 1 72 75 0.72 15.39 8.39 0.482 13.03 1016C1H 1 81 84 0.81 16.30 7.54 0.405 10.75 1016C1H 1 90 93 0.90 17.20 7.00 0.423 11.29 1016C1H 1 99 102 0.99 18.09 6.44 0.416 11.08 1016C1H 1 108 111 1.08 18.97 6.81 0.427 11.43 1016C1H 1 117 120 1.17 19.86 7.15 0.418 11.14 1016C1H 1 126 129 1.26 21.02 6.72 0.420 11.20 1016C1H 1 135 138 1.35 22.19 6.72 0.399 10.58 1016C1H 1 144 147 1.44 23.35 5.44 0.381 10.05 1016C1H 2 3 6 1.53 24.51 6.19 0.373 9.81 1016C1H 2 12 15 1.62 24.87 6.10 0.400 10.61 1016C1H 2 21 24 1.71 25.23 6.43 0.383 10.13 1016C1H 2 30 33 1.80 25.59 6.66 0.348 9.09 1016C1H 2 39 42 1.89 25.94 6.50 0.369 9.69 1016C1H 2 48 51 1.98 26.30 6.47 0.353 9.24 1016C1H 2 57 60 2.07 27.93 6.68 0.360 9.44 1016C1H 2 66 69 2.16 29.55 7.18 0.380 10.02 1016C1H 2 75 78 2.25 31.18 6.90 0.373 9.82 1016C1H 2 84 87 2.34 32.80 6.86 0.357 9.34 1016C1H 2 93 96 2.43 34.43 7.39 0.359 9.42 1016C1H 2 102 105 2.52 35.09 7.19 0.354 9.26 1016C1H 2 111 114 2.61 35.74 6.65 0.376 9.90 1016C1H 2 120 123 2.70 36.40 7.20 0.402 10.68 1016C1H 2 129 132 2.79 37.06 7.11 0.402 10.67 1016C1H 2 138 141 2.88 37.72 6.76 0.395 10.46 1016C1H 2 147 150 2.97 39.20 7.18 0.436 11.69 1016C1H 3 6 9 3.06 40.69 7.41 0.441 11.82 1016C1H 3 15 18 3.15 42.17 6.61 0.329 8.53 1016C1H 3 24 27 3.24 43.65 6.75 0.371 9.75 1016C1H 3 33 36 3.33 45.13 7.34 0.414 11.04 1016C1H 3 42 45 3.42 46.62 7.57 0.429 11.47 1016C1H 3 51 54 3.51 48.10 7.89 0.418 11.14 1016C1H 3 60 63 3.60 49.91 7.58 0.449 12.05 1016C1H 3 69 72 3.69 51.73 7.09 0.400 10.62 1016C1H 3 78 81 3.78 53.54 7.73 0.388 10.26 1016C1H 3 87 90 3.87 55.09 7.30 0.441 11.84 1016C1H 3 96 99 3.96 56.64 5.91 0.386 10.20 1016C1H 3 105 108 4.05 58.18 5.98 0.380 10.04 1016C1H 3 114 117 4.14 59.73 5.99 0.365 9.60 1016C1H 3 123 126 4.23 61.28 5.69 0.375 9.87 1016C1H 3 132 135 4.32 62.82 5.89 0.361 9.46 1016C1H 3 141 144 4.41 64.37 5.70 0.361 9.48 1016C1H 4 0 3 4.50 65.91 5.60 0.387 10.23 1016C1H 4 9 12 4.59 66.82 6.00 0.372 9.79 1016C1H 4 18 21 4.68 67.72 6.20 0.377 9.93 1016C1H 4 27 30 4.77 68.62 6.17 0.375 9.89 1016C1H 4 36 39 4.86 69.53 6.30 0.406 10.79 1016C1H 4 45 48 4.95 70.43 6.86 0.409 10.89 1016C1H 4 54 57 5.04 71.33 6.34 0.415 11.05 1016C1H 4 63 66 5.13 72.24 6.69 0.388 10.27 1016C1H 4 72 75 5.22 73.14 6.66 0.435 11.63 1016C1H 4 81 84 5.31 74.04 6.91 0.438 11.73 1016C1H 4 90 93 5.40 74.95 7.41 0.465 12.54 1016C1H 4 99 102 5.49 75.85 8.50 0.429 11.48 1016C1H 4 108 111 5.58 78.04 7.14 0.463 12.47 1016C1H 4 117 120 5.67 80.23 6.76 0.452 12.14 1016C1H 4 126 129 5.76 82.41 6.31 0.456 12.26 1016C1H 4 135 138 5.85 84.60 5.83 0.458 12.32 1016C1H 4 144 147 5.94 86.79 6.82 0.468 12.63 1016C1H 5 3 6 6.03 88.98 4.55 0.512 13.91 1016C1H 5 12 15 6.12 91.16 6.76 0.458 12.33 1016C1H 5 21 24 6.21 93.35 6.59 0.438 11.74 1016C1H 5 30 33 6.30 95.54 7.16 0.466 12.57 1016C1H 5 39 42 6.39 97.73 6.76 0.496 13.43 1016C1H 5 48 51 6.48 99.91 7.27 0.497 13.47 1016C1H 5 57 60 6.57 102.10 7.28 0.518 14.10 1016C1H 5 66 69 6.66 104.29 7.38 0.511 13.88 1016C1H 5 75 78 6.75 105.62 6.60 0.489 13.23 1016C1H 5 84 87 6.84 106.96 6.70 0.486 13.15 1016C1H 5 93 96 6.93 108.29 7.04 0.507 13.77 1016C1H 5 102 105 7.02 110.52 6.56 0.442 11.85 1016C1H 5 111 114 7.11 112.75 6.01 0.392 10.39 1016C1H 5 120 123 7.20 114.07 6.18 0.462 12.44 1016C1H 5 129 132 7.29 115.38 6.28 0.469 12.65 1016C1H 5 138 141 7.38 116.70 6.59 0.490 13.28 1016C1H 5 147 150 7.47 118.01 6.86 0.473 12.75 1016C1H 6 6 9 7.56 119.33 7.57 0.519 14.11 1016C1H 6 15 18 7.65 120.64 7.45 0.566 15.50 1016C1H 6 24 27 7.74 121.96 7.92 0.615 16.94 1016C1H 6 33 36 7.83 123.27 8.67 0.635 17.54 1016C1H 6 42 45 7.92 123.81 7.77 0.629 17.34 1016C1H 6 51 54 8.01 124.35 7.25 0.614 16.92 1016C1H 6 60 63 8.10 124.89 5.64 0.545 14.89 1016C1H 6 69 72 8.19 125.43 6.36 0.515 14.01 1016C1H 6 78 81 8.28 125.97 6.91 0.486 13.14 1016C1H 6 87 90 8.37 126.51 7.38 0.468 12.63 1016C1H 6 96 99 8.46 127.05 7.55 0.469 12.66 1016C1H 7 3 6 8.55 128.78 7.05 0.515 14.00 1016C1H 7 12 15 8.64 130.50 7.40 0.498 13.51 1016C1H 7 21 24 8.73 132.23 6.88 0.478 12.93 1016C1H 7 30 33 8.82 133.95 6.45 0.441 11.81 1016C1H 7 39 42 8.91 134.76 6.67 0.454 12.20 1016C1H 7 48 51 9.00 135.57 6.94 0.422 11.26 1016C1HCC 6 9 9.10 136.47 6.71 0.383 10.11