Eastern Tropical Atlantic Alkenones and Sea Surface Temperatures --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Eastern Tropical Atlantic Alkenones and Sea Surface Temperatures LAST UPDATE: 5/2004 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Meixun Zhao, Dartmouth College IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-027 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Zhao, M., et al.. 2004. Eastern Tropical Atlantic Alkenones and Sea Surface Temperatures, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2004-027. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder, CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Zhao, M., N.A.S. Beveridge, N.J. Shackleton, M. Sarnthein, and G. Eglinton. 1995. Molecular stratigraphy of cores off northwest Africa: Sea surface temperature history over the last 80 ka. Paleoceanography. 10(3): 661-675. ABSTRACT: The molecular stratigraphy of BOFS core 31K and ODP Hole 658C has been studied for C37 alkenone abundances over the past 80 ka at high resolution (~circa 200-500 years). The derived Uk37 sea surface temperature record for both cores shows a range of temperatures from about 18C during the last glacial to 21.5C during the early Holocene. Both records also reveal changes in SST as much as 2C - 4C over a few hundred years, which correlate well with similar abrupt climatic changes observed in cores from elsewhere in the NE Atlantic, associated with "Heinrich events". Our results indicate that meltwater produced by these ice-rafting events was transmitted southward by the Canary Current, where it had considerable impact on SSTs in the subtropical eastern Atlantic. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Eastern tropical Atlantic, coastal northwest Africa PERIOD OF RECORD: 84 KYrBP - present DESCRIPTION: Alkenone data from marine sediment cores in the eastern tropical Atlantic, off the coast of northwest Africa, and sea surface temperature reconstruction for ~84 KYr. Core ODP 658C: 20 45'N, 18 35'W, 2263m. depth Core BOFS 31K: 19 00'N, 20 10'W, 3300m. depth Note: For ODP 658C, the age scale has been modified several times. The most recent C14 agescale is used here, not the one published in Zhao et al. 1995. DATA: 1. ODP 658C alkenone data Column 1: Original Depth (m) Column 2: 14C Age (KYr BP) Column 3: Uk37 Index Column 4: Uk37 SST, Degrees C Depth Age UK37 SST 0.02 0.046 0.737 20.529 0.04 0.092 0.741 20.662 0.06 0.139 0.736 20.515 0.08 0.185 0.736 20.485 0.1 0.231 0.741 20.632 0.12 0.277 0.741 20.647 0.14 0.323 0.743 20.721 0.16 0.369 0.744 20.75 0.18 0.416 0.746 20.809 0.2 0.488 0.741 20.647 0.22 0.561 0.723 20.132 0.24 0.633 0.738 20.559 0.26 0.706 0.709 19.691 0.28 0.778 0.662 18.324 0.3 0.851 0.709 19.706 0.32 0.923 0.744 20.75 0.34 0.995 0.746 20.809 0.36 1.068 0.744 20.735 0.38 1.14 0.744 20.75 0.4 1.213 0.751 20.941 0.42 1.285 0.743 20.706 0.44 1.358 0.737 20.529 0.55 1.757 0.742 20.676 0.57 1.829 0.731 20.353 0.59 1.902 0.735 20.456 0.61 1.974 0.743 20.721 0.63 2.047 0.733 20.397 0.65 2.119 0.728 20.25 0.67 2.21 0.73 20.309 0.69 2.301 0.734 20.441 0.71 2.392 0.738 20.574 0.73 2.482 0.729 20.294 0.75 2.573 0.744 20.735 0.77 2.664 0.736 20.5 0.79 2.755 0.722 20.088 0.81 2.845 0.739 20.603 0.83 2.936 0.74 20.618 0.85 3.027 0.735 20.456 0.87 3.118 0.741 20.632 0.89 3.208 0.751 20.926 0.91 3.299 0.764 21.324 0.93 3.39 0.751 20.926 0.95 3.481 0.731 20.368 0.97 3.572 0.741 20.632 0.99 3.662 0.744 20.735 1.02 3.799 0.731 20.353 1.04 3.889 0.743 20.706 1.06 3.98 0.751 20.941 1.08 4.071 0.738 20.544 1.1 4.162 0.74 20.618 1.12 4.252 0.743 20.721 1.14 4.343 0.772 21.544 1.16 4.434 0.757 21.103 1.18 4.525 0.757 21.132 1.2 4.616 0.751 20.956 1.22 4.706 0.74 20.618 1.24 4.797 0.749 20.882 1.26 4.888 0.739 20.588 1.28 4.979 0.744 20.75 1.3 5.069 0.746 20.794 1.32 5.167 0.758 21.147 1.34 5.265 0.764 21.338 1.36 5.363 0.771 21.529 1.38 5.461 0.772 21.544 1.4 5.559 0.762 21.265 1.42 5.657 0.757 21.103 1.44 5.755 0.761 21.235 1.46 5.852 0.761 21.221 1.48 5.95 0.754 21.015 1.5 6.048 0.749 20.897 1.51 6.097 0.764 21.309 1.53 6.195 0.768 21.441 1.55 6.293 0.77 21.515 1.57 6.391 0.763 21.294 1.59 6.489 0.758 21.147 1.61 6.587 0.764 21.309 1.63 6.684 0.767 21.412 1.65 6.782 0.765 21.353 1.67 6.88 0.761 21.221 1.69 6.978 0.765 21.353 1.71 7.076 0.76 21.206 1.73 7.174 0.762 21.279 1.75 7.272 0.757 21.103 1.77 7.322 0.761 21.235 1.79 7.373 0.761 21.221 1.81 7.424 0.757 21.132 1.83 7.475 0.751 20.926 1.85 7.526 0.752 20.971 1.87 7.576 0.733 20.426 1.89 7.627 0.728 20.279 1.91 7.678 0.752 20.985 1.93 7.729 0.73 20.324 1.95 7.78 0.725 20.176 1.97 7.83 0.723 20.118 1.99 7.881 0.731 20.353 2.01 7.932 0.707 19.647 2.03 7.983 0.7 19.441 2.05 8.033 0.707 19.632 2.07 8.084 0.704 19.547 2.09 8.135 0.705 19.588 2.11 8.186 0.704 19.574 2.13 8.237 0.701 19.471 2.15 8.287 0.698 19.382 2.17 8.338 0.71 19.72 2.19 8.389 0.7 19.32 2.21 8.44 0.71 19.65 2.23 8.491 0.71 19.63 2.25 8.541 0.7 19.34 2.27 8.592 0.71 19.6 2.29 8.643 0.71 19.63 2.31 8.694 0.705 19.588 2.33 8.744 0.7 19.441 2.35 8.795 0.697 19.353 2.37 8.846 0.696 19.324 2.39 8.897 0.695 19.294 2.41 8.948 0.693 19.235 2.43 8.998 0.691 19.191 2.45 9.049 0.692 19.206 2.47 9.1 0.69 19.147 2.49 9.253 0.689 19.103 2.55 9.711 0.65 17.971 2.57 9.864 0.665 18.397 2.59 10.017 0.658 18.191 2.61 10.124 0.651 18 2.63 10.177 0.641 17.706 2.65 10.23 0.655 18.118 2.67 10.402 0.658 18.206 2.69 10.575 0.655 18.132 2.71 10.748 0.649 17.926 2.73 10.921 0.665 18.397 2.75 11.094 0.651 18 2.77 11.267 0.673 18.647 2.79 11.44 0.672 18.618 2.81 11.612 0.682 18.912 2.83 11.785 0.671 18.588 2.85 11.958 0.671 18.588 2.87 12.131 0.663 18.353 2.89 12.304 0.658 18.191 2.91 12.477 0.665 18.426 2.93 12.649 0.675 18.706 2.95 12.822 0.665 18.412 2.97 12.995 0.662 18.324 2.99 13.168 0.657 18.162 3.01 13.341 0.65 17.971 3.03 13.514 0.649 17.926 3.05 13.673 0.65 17.985 3.07 13.784 0.655 18.118 3.09 13.896 0.647 17.882 3.11 14.008 0.657 18.176 3.13 14.119 0.659 18.235 3.15 14.231 0.649 17.941 3.17 14.343 0.658 18.221 3.19 14.455 0.674 18.676 3.21 14.566 0.673 18.662 3.23 14.678 0.677 18.765 3.25 14.79 0.681 18.868 3.27 15.01 0.693 19.235 3.29 15.241 0.681 18.882 3.31 15.473 0.681 18.868 3.33 15.704 0.673 18.662 3.35 15.936 0.681 18.868 3.37 15.81 0.702 19.515 3.39 15.915 0.694 19.265 3.41 16.021 0.698 19.382 3.43 16.126 0.698 19.382 3.45 16.232 0.678 18.779 3.47 16.337 0.676 18.735 3.49 16.443 0.666 18.441 3.51 16.548 0.691 19.176 3.53 16.654 0.682 18.912 3.55 16.759 0.707 19.647 3.57 16.865 0.708 19.676 3.59 16.97 0.725 20.176 3.61 17.076 0.723 20.118 3.63 17.181 0.724 20.147 3.65 17.287 0.713 19.809 3.67 17.394 0.706 19.618 3.69 17.501 0.702 19.5 3.71 17.609 0.693 19.235 3.73 17.716 0.698 19.368 3.75 17.823 0.691 19.162 3.77 17.93 0.695 19.294 3.79 18.037 0.705 19.588 3.81 18.144 0.712 19.794 3.83 18.252 0.714 19.838 3.85 18.359 0.71 19.721 3.87 18.466 0.721 20.044 3.89 18.573 0.717 19.926 3.91 18.68 0.721 20.044 3.93 18.788 0.73 20.309 3.95 18.895 0.728 20.25 3.97 19.002 0.718 19.971 3.99 19.109 0.697 19.353 4.01 19.216 0.685 19 4.03 19.323 0.681 18.868 4.05 19.431 0.685 18.985 4.07 19.538 0.668 18.5 4.09 19.645 0.667 18.471 4.11 19.847 0.648 17.912 4.13 20.085 0.623 17.162 4.15 20.26 0.589 16.176 4.17 20.435 0.615 16.926 4.19 20.61 0.613 16.868 4.21 20.785 0.583 15.985 4.23 20.96 0.653 18.059 4.25 21.135 0.619 17.059 4.27 21.31 0.646 17.838 4.29 21.485 0.666 18.441 4.31 21.66 0.677 18.765 4.33 21.835 0.657 18.162 4.35 22.01 0.658 18.191 4.37 22.185 0.672 18.618 4.39 22.36 0.679 18.809 4.41 22.535 0.633 17.471 4.43 22.71 0.646 17.853 4.45 22.885 0.642 17.735 4.47 23.06 0.65 17.971 4.49 23.236 0.637 17.588 4.51 23.411 0.674 18.676 4.53 23.586 0.673 18.632 4.55 23.761 0.679 18.824 4.57 23.936 0.684 18.956 4.59 24.111 0.682 18.897 4.61 24.286 0.682 18.912 4.63 24.461 0.678 18.794 4.65 24.636 0.684 18.971 4.67 24.811 0.685 19 4.69 24.986 0.686 19.015 4.71 25.161 0.672 18.603 4.73 25.336 0.657 18.176 4.75 25.511 0.662 18.335 4.77 25.697 0.678 18.794 4.79 25.75 0.691 19.176 4.81 25.802 0.677 18.765 4.83 25.855 0.682 18.897 4.85 25.908 0.687 19.044 4.87 25.96 0.67 18.559 4.89 26.013 0.663 18.353 4.91 26.191 0.678 18.779 4.93 26.344 0.657 18.162 4.95 26.497 0.647 17.868 4.97 26.651 0.645 17.824 4.99 26.804 0.652 18.015 5.01 26.957 0.677 18.75 5.03 27.111 0.671 18.574 5.05 27.264 0.65 17.971 5.07 27.418 0.645 17.809 5.09 27.571 0.649 17.941 5.11 27.724 0.656 18.147 5.13 27.878 0.67 18.559 5.15 28.031 0.685 19 5.17 28.184 0.677 18.765 5.19 28.338 0.671 18.588 5.21 28.491 0.689 19.103 5.23 28.644 0.701 19.456 5.25 28.798 0.686 19.029 5.27 28.951 0.682 18.912 5.29 29.105 0.683 18.941 5.31 29.258 0.675 18.706 5.33 29.411 0.679 18.824 5.35 29.565 0.696 19.324 5.37 29.718 0.683 18.941 5.39 29.871 0.69 19.147 5.41 30.025 0.692 19.191 5.43 30.178 0.69 19.147 5.45 30.331 0.692 19.206 5.47 30.485 0.69 19.132 5.49 30.638 0.685 18.985 5.51 30.791 0.673 18.632 5.53 30.945 0.677 18.75 5.55 31.098 0.681 18.882 5.57 31.252 0.695 19.294 5.59 31.405 0.689 19.118 5.61 31.558 0.692 19.191 5.63 31.712 0.683 18.941 5.65 31.865 0.673 18.632 5.67 32.018 0.687 19.059 5.69 32.172 0.651 17.985 5.71 32.325 0.679 18.809 5.73 32.478 0.686 19.015 5.75 32.632 0.694 19.265 5.77 32.785 0.688 19.088 5.79 32.939 0.685 19 5.81 33.092 0.672 18.603 5.83 33.245 0.648 17.912 5.85 33.399 0.663 18.338 5.87 33.552 0.649 17.941 5.89 33.705 0.65 17.971 5.91 33.859 0.653 18.044 5.93 34.012 0.69 19.132 5.95 34.165 0.646 17.838 5.97 34.319 0.59 16.206 5.99 34.472 0.607 16.691 6.01 34.625 0.631 17.412 6.03 34.779 0.618 17.015 6.05 34.932 0.582 15.971 6.07 35.086 0.605 16.632 6.09 35.239 0.605 16.632 6.11 35.392 0.604 16.618 6.13 35.546 0.605 16.632 6.15 35.699 0.58 15.897 6.17 35.852 0.612 16.853 6.19 36.006 0.62 17.074 6.21 36.159 0.61 16.794 6.23 36.312 0.616 16.956 6.26 36.543 0.589 16.176 6.28 36.696 0.521 14.176 6.3 36.849 0.635 17.529 6.32 37.003 0.576 15.779 6.34 37.156 0.584 16.029 6.36 37.309 0.581 15.926 6.38 37.463 0.587 16.103 6.41 37.693 0.637 17.588 6.43 37.846 0.682 18.912 6.49 38.306 0.682 18.912 6.55 38.766 0.685 19 6.61 39.226 0.686 19.029 6.67 39.686 0.629 17.353 6.73 40.146 0.682 18.912 6.79 40.607 0.686 19.029 6.85 41.067 0.685 19 6.91 41.527 0.688 19.088 6.97 41.987 0.692 19.206 7.03 42.447 0.698 19.382 7.09 42.907 0.665 18.412 7.15 43.367 0.692 19.206 7.21 43.827 0.685 19 7.27 44.287 0.688 19.088 7.33 44.747 0.67 18.559 7.39 45.207 0.674 18.676 7.45 45.667 0.681 18.882 7.51 46.128 0.677 18.765 7.57 46.588 0.685 19 7.63 47.048 0.686 19.029 7.69 47.508 0.699 19.412 7.75 47.968 0.707 19.647 7.81 48.428 0.697 19.353 7.87 48.888 0.695 19.294 7.93 49.348 0.694 19.265 7.99 49.808 0.693 19.235 8.05 50.268 0.673 18.647 8.11 50.728 0.654 18.088 8.17 51.188 0.615 16.941 8.23 51.649 0.666 18.441 8.29 52.109 0.648 17.912 8.35 52.569 0.646 17.853 8.43 53.182 0.65 17.971 8.49 53.642 0.656 18.147 8.55 54.102 0.657 18.176 8.61 54.562 0.679 18.824 8.67 55.022 0.649 17.941 8.73 55.483 0.678 18.794 8.79 55.943 0.671 18.588 8.85 56.403 0.663 18.353 8.91 56.863 0.651 18 8.97 57.323 0.659 18.235 9.03 57.783 0.652 18.029 9.09 58.243 0.664 18.382 9.15 58.703 0.653 18.059 9.21 59.094 0.666 18.441 9.27 59.432 0.663 18.353 9.33 59.771 0.673 18.647 9.39 60.109 0.639 17.647 9.43 60.335 0.652 18.029 9.49 60.674 0.66 18.265 9.55 61.012 0.639 17.647 9.61 61.351 0.641 17.706 9.67 61.689 0.641 17.706 9.73 62.028 0.634 17.5 9.79 62.366 0.644 17.794 9.85 62.705 0.619 17.059 9.91 63.044 0.611 16.824 9.97 63.382 0.591 16.235 10.03 63.721 0.633 17.471 10.09 64.059 0.581 15.941 10.15 64.398 0.565 15.471 10.21 64.736 0.606 16.676 10.27 65.075 0.624 17.206 10.33 65.414 0.625 17.235 10.39 65.752 0.624 17.206 10.45 66.091 0.656 18.147 10.51 66.429 0.656 18.147 10.57 66.768 0.653 18.059 10.63 67.106 0.628 17.324 10.69 67.445 0.632 17.441 10.75 67.783 0.634 17.5 10.81 68.122 0.633 17.471 10.87 68.461 0.599 16.471 10.93 68.799 0.654 18.088 10.99 69.138 0.648 17.912 11.05 69.692 0.661 18.294 11.11 70.29 0.686 19.029 11.17 70.887 0.687 19.059 11.23 71.485 0.688 19.088 11.29 72.083 0.683 18.941 11.35 72.68 0.694 19.265 11.41 73.278 0.722 20.088 11.47 73.876 0.715 19.882 11.53 74.473 0.706 19.618 11.59 75.071 0.724 20.147 11.65 75.668 0.697 19.353 11.71 76.266 0.733 20.412 11.77 76.864 0.707 19.647 11.83 77.461 0.717 19.941 11.89 78.059 0.741 20.647 11.95 78.657 0.737 20.529 12.01 79.254 0.748 20.853 12.07 79.676 0.722 20.088 12.13 80.099 0.729 20.294 12.19 80.522 0.718 19.971 12.25 80.945 0.686 19.029 12.31 81.368 0.693 19.235 12.37 81.791 0.697 19.353 12.43 82.214 0.689 19.118 12.49 82.637 0.662 18.324 12.55 83.06 0.669 18.529 12.61 83.483 0.669 18.529 12.67 83.906 0.674 18.676 2. BOFS 31K alkenone data Column 1: Depth (cm.) Column 2: 14C Age (KYr BP) Column 3: C37 alkenone abundance, microgram/gram Column 4: Uk37 Index Column 5: Uk37 SST, Degrees C Depth Age C37 Uk37 SST 0 0.60 0.27 0.735 20.5 2 1.31 0.32 0.755 21.0 4 2.02 0.27 0.753 21.0 6 2.72 0.27 0.755 21.1 8 3.43 0.16 0.762 21.3 10 4.14 0.21 0.765 21.4 12 4.85 0.10 0.766 21.4 14 5.56 0.28 0.763 21.3 16 6.26 0.09 0.767 21.4 18 6.97 0.07 0.761 21.2 20 7.68 0.05 0.775 21.6 22 8.39 0.04 0.749 20.9 24 9.10 0.05 0.764 21.3 26 9.54 0.12 0.773 21.6 28 9.98 0.09 0.768 21.5 30 10.41 0.13 0.744 20.7 32 10.85 0.17 0.741 20.7 34 11.29 0.14 0.716 19.9 36 11.73 0.12 0.681 18.9 38 12.17 0.10 0.658 18.2 40 12.60 0.18 0.656 18.2 42 13.04 0.23 0.640 17.7 44 13.48 0.21 0.645 17.8 46 13.92 0.21 0.648 17.9 48 14.36 0.27 0.645 17.8 50 14.80 0.43 0.615 16.9 52 15.12 0.43 0.624 17.2 54 15.43 0.64 0.612 16.8 56 15.75 0.57 0.611 16.8 58 16.07 0.34 0.615 16.9 60 16.39 0.26 0.684 19.0 62 16.70 0.38 0.681 18.9 64 17.02 0.33 0.668 18.5 66 17.34 0.41 0.652 18.0 68 17.65 0.40 0.66 18.3 70 17.97 0.42 0.671 18.6 72 18.29 0.42 0.674 18.7 74 18.61 0.29 0.647 17.9 76 18.92 0.46 0.667 18.5 78 19.24 0.34 0.657 18.2 80 19.56 0.34 0.662 18.3 82 19.88 0.43 0.594 16.3 84 20.19 0.43 0.647 17.9 86 20.51 0.26 0.614 16.9 88 20.83 0.31 0.675 18.7 90 21.14 0.33 0.664 18.4 92 21.46 0.38 0.664 18.4 94 21.78 0.27 0.674 18.7 96 22.10 0.25 0.648 17.9 98 22.41 0.32 0.629 17.4 100 22.73 0.36 0.657 18.2 102 23.05 0.46 0.671 18.6 104 23.36 0.40 0.656 18.1 106 23.68 0.32 0.653 18.0 108 24.00 0.653 18.1 110 24.78 0.52 0.653 18.0 112 25.56 0.34 0.652 18.0 114 26.34 0.73 0.646 17.8 116 27.12 0.642 17.7 118 27.90 0.20 0.655 18.1 120 28.67 0.28 0.674 18.7 122 29.45 0.37 0.668 18.5 124 30.23 0.33 0.65 18.0 126 31.01 0.57 0.64 17.7 128 31.79 0.42 0.64 17.7 130 32.57 0.34 0.636 17.6 132 33.35 0.26 0.655 18.1 134 34.13 0.41 0.698 19.4 136 34.91 0.46 0.644 17.8 138 35.69 0.41 0.638 17.6 140 36.46 0.46 0.615 16.9 142 37.24 0.35 0.626 17.3 144 38.02 0.40 0.655 18.1 146 38.80 0.23 0.652 18.0 148 39.58 0.30 0.665 18.4 150 40.36 0.48 0.672 18.6 152 41.14 0.49 0.666 18.4 154 41.92 0.38 0.67 18.6 156 42.70 0.33 0.654 18.1 158 43.48 0.42 0.659 18.2 160 44.25 0.31 0.656 18.1 162 45.03 0.42 0.666 18.4 164 45.81 0.38 0.667 18.5 166 46.59 0.47 0.644 17.6 168 47.37 0.53 0.682 18.7 170 48.15 0.41 0.682 18.7 172 48.93 0.50 0.677 18.6 174 49.71 0.38 0.701 19.3 176 50.49 0.38 0.71 19.5 178 51.27 0.34 0.704 19.4 180 52.04 0.43 0.701 19.3 182 52.82 0.50 0.709 19.5 184 53.60 0.41 0.711 19.6 186 54.38 0.40 0.708 19.5 188 55.16 0.51 0.718 19.8 190 55.94 0.48 0.697 19.2 192 56.72 0.65 0.687 18.9 194 57.50 0.74 0.694 19.1 196 58.28 0.83 0.697 19.2 198 59.06 0.86 0.68 18.7 200 59.85 0.86 0.658 18.0 202 60.63 0.90 0.677 18.6 204 61.42 0.47 0.685 18.8 206 62.20 0.36 0.661 18.1 208 62.99 0.37 0.658 18.0 210 63.77 0.28 0.644 17.6 212 64.56 0.29 0.641 17.5 214 65.34 0.31 0.629 17.2 216 66.13 0.23 0.659 18.0 218 66.91 0.39 0.666 18.2 220 67.70 0.49 0.664 18.2 222 68.33 0.48 0.607 16.5 224 68.95 0.31 0.636 17.4 226 69.58 0.33 0.644 17.8 228 70.20 0.33 0.663 18.4 230 70.83 0.43 0.669 18.5 232 71.46 0.33 0.676 18.7 233 71.77 0.42 0.695 19.3 237 73.02 0.68 0.691 19.2 239 73.65 0.79 0.687 19.1 241 74.27 0.55 0.704 19.6 243 74.90 0.61 0.703 19.5 245 75.53 0.55 0.69 19.1 247 76.15 0.57 0.672 18.6