Bahamas Sclerosponge Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Bahamas Sclerosponge Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 11/2005 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Brad Rosenheim, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2005-076 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Rosenheim, B.E., et al. 2005. Bahamas Sclerosponge Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2005-076. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Rosenheim, B.E., P.K. Swart, S.R. Thorrold, A. Eisenhauer, and P. Willenz. 2005. Salinity change in the subtropical Atlantic: Secular increase and teleconnections to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 32, L02603, January 2005. doi:10.1029/2004GL021499. ABSTRACT: Recent studies comparing shipboard data between the 1950's and the 1990's have shown significant, heterogeneous adjustments of the temperature-salinity structure of the N. Atlantic Ocean. Here, we present proxy records of temperature and salinity from aragonite sclerosponge skeletons, extending existing records of the Salinity Maximum Waters (SMW) of the N. Atlantic back to 1890. These proxy records show secular temperature increases of 1.6–2.0C, higher than published global averages, and salinity increases of 0.35–0.5 psu, smaller than short-term secular trends recently measured. Salinity reconstructions vary more significantly on the decadal scale, showing changes that are related to low-frequency variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). On both secular and decadal time scales, the records indicate significant thermohaline changes in the SMW, either via forcing at the surface or increasing depths of density surfaces in the Bahamas. ADDITIONAL REFERENCE: Swart, P.K., S. Torrold, A. Esienhauer, B. Rosenheim, C.G.A. Harrison, M. Grammer, and C. Latkoczy. 2002. Intra-annual variation in the stable oxygen and carbon and trace element composition of sclerosponges. Paleoceanography 17(3), 1029/2000PA000622. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Bahamas, tropical Atlantic Ocean PERIOD OF RECORD: 1890-1990 AD DESCRIPTION: Two continuous, century long sclerosponge records of d18O and Sr/Ca, used to deconvolve temperature and salinity, from two of the Bahamas' deep channels, Exuma Sound and Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO). Sr/Ca and d18O data interpolated at yearly resolution, using rectangular interpolation. The data are indexed by the Sr/Ca cycle age model that was developed in Swart et al, 2002. Samples: Sclerosponge Ceratoporella nicholsoni taken from water depths of 136 m (Exuma Sound) and 143 m (Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO) DATA: 1. Exuma Sound, Bahamas Sclerosponge Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data Year Sr/Ca d18O mmol/mol permil VPDB 1890 10.43 0.58 1891 10.42 0.52 1892 10.35 0.31 1893 10.35 0.36 1894 10.24 0.31 1895 10.22 0.28 1896 10.28 0.42 1897 10.31 0.62 1898 10.36 0.63 1899 10.41 0.53 1900 10.17 0.44 1901 10.13 0.48 1902 10.33 0.44 1903 10.38 0.46 1904 10.33 0.42 1905 10.48 0.54 1906 10.33 0.4 1907 10.25 0.4 1908 10.3 0.48 1909 10.36 0.64 1910 10.2 0.6 1911 10.2 0.61 1912 10.23 0.47 1913 10.18 0.46 1914 10.28 0.53 1915 10.24 0.62 1916 10.18 0.63 1917 10.19 0.51 1918 10.2 0.43 1919 10.29 0.33 1920 10.3 0.27 1921 10.2 0.1 1922 10.32 0.28 1923 10.28 0.52 1924 10.23 0.49 1925 10.18 0.49 1926 10.17 0.48 1927 10.38 0.39 1928 10.31 0.38 1929 10.23 0.43 1930 10.1 0.35 1931 10.28 0.06 1932 10.45 0.25 1933 10.33 0.16 1934 10.25 0.27 1935 10.22 0.3 1936 10.32 0.23 1937 10.32 0.37 1938 10.4 0.46 1939 10.39 0.49 1940 10.33 0.5 1941 10.28 0.43 1942 10.2 0.35 1943 10.18 0.4 1944 10.14 0.25 1945 10.14 0.37 1946 10.2 0.32 1947 10.14 0.31 1948 10.12 0.27 1949 10.09 0.19 1950 10.14 0.41 1951 10.1 0.46 1952 10.06 0.48 1953 10.19 0.43 1954 10.25 0.47 1955 10.31 0.48 1956 10.31 0.47 1957 10.23 0.39 1958 10.26 0.4 1959 10.09 0.47 1960 10.3 0.42 1961 10.43 0.45 1962 10.37 0.37 1963 10.17 0.41 1964 10.26 0.45 1965 10.27 0.36 1966 10.23 0.41 1967 10.25 0.4 1968 10.22 0.42 1969 10.21 0.39 1970 10.27 0.45 1971 10.34 0.51 1972 10.2 0.48 1973 10.12 0.42 1974 10.13 0.35 1975 10.16 0.28 1976 10.13 0.23 1977 10.16 0.4 1978 10.24 0.53 1979 10.15 0.51 1980 10.16 0.48 1981 10.17 0.46 1982 10.13 0.43 1983 10.06 0.43 1984 10.11 0.43 1985 10.09 0.45 1986 10.11 0.43 1987 10.18 0.38 1988 10.18 0.28 1989 10.1 0.5 1990 10.07 0.4 2. Tongue of the Ocean (TOTO), Bahamas Sclerosponge Sr/Ca and Oxygen Isotope Data Year Sr/Ca d18O A.D. mmol/mol permil VPDB 1890 10.884 0.356 1891 10.598 -0.053 1892 10.544 0.639 1893 10.422 0.714 1894 10.26 0.6 1895 10.559 0.586 1896 10.707 0.583 1897 10.663 0.566 1898 10.278 0.703 1899 10.466 0.799 1900 10.537 0.77 1901 10.639 0.722 1902 10.469 0.693 1903 10.577 0.704 1904 10.424 0.339 1905 10.717 0.361 1906 10.611 0.337 1907 10.552 0.432 1908 10.66 0.496 1909 10.586 0.407 1910 10.378 0.496 1911 10.628 0.421 1912 10.488 0.591 1913 10.226 0.644 1914 10.05 0.525 1915 10.264 0.681 1916 10.464 0.536 1917 10.224 0.471 1918 10.479 0.472 1919 10.664 0.609 1920 10.497 0.485 1921 10.414 0.46 1922 10.585 0.586 1923 10.629 0.836 1924 10.372 0.767 1925 10.154 0.628 1926 10.423 0.619 1927 10.077 0.587 1928 10.377 0.266 1929 10.352 0.525 1930 10.21 0.563 1931 10.47 0.325 1932 10.562 0.478 1933 10.383 0.245 1934 10.623 0.23 1935 10.481 0.264 1936 10.526 -0.052 1937 10.531 0.247 1938 10.438 0.325 1939 10.281 0.13 1940 10.328 -0.257 1941 10.573 -0.183 1942 10.566 0.024 1943 10.408 -0.038 1944 10.396 -0.017 1945 10.403 0.276 1946 10.396 0.459 1947 10.62 0.63 1948 10.477 0.529 1949 10.505 0.428 1950 10.398 0.214 1951 10.482 0.32 1952 10.448 0.444 1953 10.201 0.461 1954 10.506 0.664 1955 10.342 0.289 1956 10.33 0.258 1957 10.344 0.255 1958 10.415 0.161 1959 10.719 0.169 1960 10.393 0.187 1961 10.132 0.295 1962 10.368 0.205 1963 10.471 0.451 1964 10.531 0.448 1965 10.143 0.22 1966 10.105 0.188 1967 10.594 0.092 1968 10.451 -0.12 1969 10.58 -0.183 1970 10.398 0.071 1971 10.165 0.191 1972 10.201 0.576 1973 10.447 0.62 1974 10.428 0.517 1975 10.264 0.465 1976 10.363 0.241 1977 10.307 0.347 1978 10.448 0.383 1979 10.489 0.531 1980 10.248 0.623 1981 10.301 0.604 1982 10.367 0.263 1983 10.196 0.375 1984 10.486 0.586 1985 10.443 0.488 1986 10.54 0.455 1987 10.495 0.382 1988 10.386 0.435 1989 10.31 0.377 1990 10.125 0.377