# Late Holocene North Pacific Subtropical Gyre deep-sea proteinaceous coral δ13C and δ15N #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18215 # Online_Resource: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/guilderson2013/guilderson2013-line.txt # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges # #-------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-03-12 #-------------------------------- # Title: Late Holocene North Pacific Subtropical Gyre deep-sea proteinaceous coral δ13C and δ15N #-------------------------------- # Investigators: Guilderson, T.P.; McCarthy, M.D.; Dunbar, R.B.; Englebrecht, A.; Roark, E.B. #-------------------- # Description and Notes: # Description: Hawaiian gold corals (Kulamanamana haumeaae; Sinninger et al., 2013), both living and fossil were collected using the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory’s DSRV Pisces IV and V. K. haumeaae is a cosmopolitan colonial zoanthid that forms tree-like structures with heights of several meters and basal attachment diameters up to a few 10s of cm. K. haumeaae have radial growth rates of <100µm-yr-1 and can attain ‘life spans’ of centuries to millennia (Roark et al., 2006; 2009). In Hawai’ian waters they are most abundant at ~450m, near the top of the regional low oxygen zone, and are directly attached to exposed, hard substrates. Radiocarbon (14C) analyses of polyps and a finely sectioned radial skeletal disk of a live harvested branch both documents incorporation of recently exported particulate organic carbon (Roark et al., 2009), while stable isotope analysis shows that polyps are ≤ 2 trophic levels relative to exported POC/PON (Roark et al., 2009). Resu lts presented here include samples collected from the Hawai’ian archipelago in 2004 and 2007 (Big Island, Cross Seamount, Oahu in the Main Hawai'ian Islands; MHI, and French/East French Frigate Shoals and Brooks Bank in the North West Hawai'ian Islands; NWHI). Upon recovery, the external polyps and tissue were removed using a seawater hose from all live-collected individuals. After removing the tissue layer, the skeletons (live collected and sub-fossil) were washed with seawater followed by fresh water and allowed to air dry on deck. Stumps were cut into ~0.7-cm thick cross-section disks taken close to the basal attachment. In a small number of cases additional disks were also taken higher on the branch (or stump). Sampling was done by microdrilling center (inner) and outer samples from radial transects using a 1.8 mm spherical carbide bur. Depending on the size of the cross-section disk sub-samples between the inner and outer samples were also taken. Milled samples were decarbonated using 1N HCl at 90C, rinsed three-times with milliQ water and dried overnight on a heating block. Sub-samples were transferred to tin boats and the mass determined. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were made via continuous-flow IRMS using a Carlo-Erba elemental analyzer connected to an Optima IRMS in the UCSC Light Isotope Facility. Results are reported in conventional per mil notation relative to V-PDB (δ13C) and air (δ15N). Reproducibility of the isotope results is ± 0.12‰ and ±0.06 (1-sd) based on reproducibility of standards (acetanilide, n=20) and replicate analyses (n=29) of coral samples for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. C:N ratios determined during analysis were ±0.15 (1-sd). Radiocarbon sub-samples were first converted to CO2 via sealed-tube combustion, and the resulting purified CO2 reduced to graphite in the presence of an iron catalyst. Individual graphite-catalyst mixtures were pressed into aluminum target holders and analyzed via accelerator mass spectrometry. Results include a background subtraction based on similarly prepared 14C-free coal and wood, sample specific δ13C corrections, and are reported as Fmodern, D14C, and conventional radiocarbon years as per Stuiver and Polach (1977), with one-sigma uncertainties. We note that in the published version of these data that IntCal 09 (Reimer et al., 2009) was used as the 14C-calendar calibration curve. Since that time IntCal 13 (Reimer et al., 2013) has been released. We strongly recommend that the users of these data use the appropriate, most recent and up-to-date IntCal calibration data product to convert radiocarbon years to calibrated ages. Being of marine origin, the data require a site specific correction for the marine reservoir effect. Until further empirical observations are available, we recommend for Hawai’ian samples, and based on a ~40 year average of reef-building hermatypic coral data, a DELTA_R of -28±4 to be used (Druffel et al., 2001). Druffel, E. R. M., et al., 2001. Changes of subtropical North Pacific radiocarbon and correlation with climate variability. Radiocarbon, 43, 1, 15-25. Reimer, P. J., et al., 2009. Intcal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years CAL BP. Radiocarbon, 51 (4), 1111-1150. Reimer, P.J., et al., 2013. Intcal 13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years Cal BP. Radiocarbon, 55, 1869-1887. Roark, E.B., et al., 2006. Radiocarbon based ages and growth rates: Hawaiian deep sea corals. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 327, 1-14. Roark, E. B., et al., 2009. Extreme longevity in proteinaceous deep-sea corals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 6, 13, 5204-5208, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810875106. Sinninger, F., et al., 2013. Diversity of Zoanthids (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) on Hawaiian Seamounts: Description of the Hawaiian Gold Coral and Additional Zoanthids. PLoS ONE, 8(1), e52607, doi:10.1371/journa.pone.0052607. Stuiver, M. and Polach, H. A., 1977. Discussion reporting of 14C data. Radiocarbon 19:355-363. # Provided Keywords: proteinaceous deep-sea colonial zoanthid #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: Guilderson, T.P., M.D. McCarthy, R.B. Dunbar, A. Englebrecht, and E.B. Roark # Journal_Name: Biogeosciences # Published_Title: Late Holocene Variations in Pacific Surface Circulation and Biogeochemistry Inferred From Proteinaceous Deep-Sea Corals # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013 # Volume: 10 # Pages: 6019-6028 # DOI: 10.5194/bg-10-6019-2013 # Abstract: δ15N and δ13C data obtained from samples of proteinaceous deep-sea corals collected from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (Hawaiian Archipelago) and the central equatorial Pacific (Line Islands) document multidecadal to century-scale variability in the isotopic composition of surface-produced particulate organic matter exported to the deep sea. Comparison of the δ13C data, where Line Islands samples are 0.6‰ more positive than the Hawaiian samples, supports the contention that the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre is more efficient than the tropical upwelling system at trapping and/or recycling nutrients within the mixed layer. δ15N values from the Line Islands samples are also more positive than those from the central gyre, and within the Hawaiian samples there is a gradient with more positive δ15N values in samples from the main Hawaiian Islands versus the French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The gradient in the Hawaiian samples likely reflects the relative importance of algal acquisition of metabolic N via dissolved seawater nitrate uptake versus nitrogen fixation. The Hawaiian sample set also exhibits a strong decrease in δ15N values from the mid-Holocene to present. We hypothesize that this decrease is most likely the result of decreasing trade winds, and possibly a commensurate decrease in entrainment of more positive δ15N-NO3 subthermocline water masses. #-------------------------------- # Funding_Agency: # Funding_Agency_Name: # Grant: #-------------------------------- # Site Information: # Site_Name: Kingman Reef/Palmyra Island # Location: Western Pacific Ocean # Northernmost_Latitude: 6.25 # Southernmost_Latitude: 5.92 # Easternmost_Longitude: -162.12 # Westernmost_Longitude: -162.46 # Elevation: #-------------------------------- # Data Collection # Collection_Name: Kingman/Palmyra isotopes Guilderson13 # Oldest_Year: 7200 # Most_Recent_Year: -40 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP (1950 AD) # Core_Length: # Notes: #-------------------------------- # Chronology #-------------------------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow (have double marker- "##") # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-nine components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## SampleID Sample ID,,, ,,corals and sclerosponges,,,C ## site Site Name,,, ,,corals and sclerosponges,,,C ## lat Latitude,,,degrees N,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## lon Longitude,,,degrees E,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## d13Cgerard delta 13C,Gerardia sp.,,per mil VPDB,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## d15Ngerard delta 15N,Gerardia sp.,,per mil air,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## C:N carbon nitrogen ratio,,, ,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## FracMod D14C fraction of modern,,, ,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## FracMod_err D14C fraction of modern,,1sd, ,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## D14Cgerard Delta 14C,Gerardia sp.,,per mil,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## D14Cgerard_err Delta 14C,Gerardia sp.,1sd,per mil,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## age14C age,delta 14C,,radiocarbon years before 1950AD,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## age14C_err age,delta 14C,1sd,radiocarbon years before 1950AD,,corals and sclerosponges,,,N ## notes notes,,, ,,,,,C #-----------------------------------# # Data: # Missing Value: NaN SampleID site lat lon d13Cgerard d15Ngerard C:N FracMod FracMod_err D14Cgerard D14Cgerard_err age14C age14C_err notes 139367 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.64 16.59 2.74 0.9195 0.0032 -80.5 3.2 675 30 139364 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.36 16.46 2.79 0.9029 0.0027 -97.1 2.7 820 25 139368 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.53 17.14 2.74 0.8935 0.0023 -106.5 2.3 905 25 139365 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.6 16.69 2.77 0.8787 0.0029 -121.3 2.9 1040 30 139358 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.79 16.63 2.77 0.8761 0.0031 -123.9 3.1 1060 30 139366 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -16.07 15.86 2.8 0.8608 0.0031 -139.2 3.1 1205 30 139361 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.6 16.78 2.78 0.8581 0.0025 -141.9 2.5 1230 25 139355 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.51 16.99 2.79 0.8339 0.0023 -166.1 2.3 1460 25 139369 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -16.17 15.89 2.77 0.8326 0.0029 -167.4 2.9 1470 30 139362 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.63 17.04 2.77 0.8307 0.0023 -169.3 2.3 1490 25 139359 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.81 16.78 2.76 0.8262 0.0028 -173.8 2.8 1535 30 139356 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.47 17.32 2.76 0.8192 0.0029 -180.8 2.9 1600 30 139360 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -16.14 16.94 2.78 0.8067 0.0028 -193.3 2.8 1725 30 139363 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.88 16.58 2.77 0.8027 0.0034 -197.3 3.4 1765 35 139357 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.84 16.81 2.79 0.7985 0.003 -201.5 3 1810 35 139246 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.46 16.46 2.91 0.544 0.0018 -456 1.8 4890 30 139247 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.77 16.59 2.9 0.4858 0.0018 -514.2 1.8 5800 30 139248 Palmyra 5.92 162.12 -15.99 16.45 2.93 0.4838 0.0016 -516.2 1.6 5830 30 139241 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.33 16.69 2.72 1.0329 0.0033 32.9 3.3 NaN NaN >Modern radiocarbon sample 140888 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.08 17.28 2.7 0.9438 0.0046 -56.2 4.6 465 40 139349 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.27 17.24 2.71 0.9408 0.0031 -59.2 3.1 490 30 139242 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.85 17.33 2.57 0.9293 0.0041 -70.7 4.1 590 40 139350 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.18 16.81 2.72 0.8742 0.003 -125.8 3 1080 30 139347 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.52 17.53 2.73 0.8611 0.003 -138.9 3 1200 30 139243 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.16 16.31 2.78 0.8542 0.0031 -145.8 3.1 1265 30 139351 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.38 16.1 2.79 0.8383 0.003 -161.7 3 1415 30 139249 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -14.82 18.13 2.77 0.8293 0.0027 -170.7 2.7 1505 30 140826 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.54 17.86 2.77 0.8149 0.0026 -185.1 2.6 1645 30 139348 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.31 16.04 2.8 0.777 0.0044 -223 4.4 2025 50 140827 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.33 16.75 2.77 0.7671 0.0025 -232.9 2.5 2130 30 139251 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.9 16.68 2.71 0.75 0.0024 -250 2.4 2310 30 140828 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.6 16.19 2.84 0.7068 0.0028 -293.2 2.8 2785 35 139244 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -14.8 17.56 2.79 0.7031 0.0023 -296.9 2.3 2830 30 139352 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.51 17.49 2.82 0.6999 0.0023 -300.1 2.3 2865 30 139353 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.93 17.15 2.79 0.6817 0.0023 -318.3 2.3 3075 30 139245 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.73 16.92 2.82 0.6688 0.0023 -331.2 2.3 3230 30 139354 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.94 16.86 2.81 0.6566 0.003 -343.4 3 3380 40 140829 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.67 17.44 2.95 0.5006 0.0017 -499.4 1.7 5560 30 140830 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -15.93 17.45 2.91 0.4684 0.0016 -531.6 1.6 6095 30 140831 Kingman Reef 6.25 162.46 -16.32 16.88 2.97 0.4383 0.0016 -561.7 1.6 6625 30