# Tarawa Atoll and Jarvis Island Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, westerly wind index, and d18O Data from 1890-1982 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/ # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/thompson2015/thompson2015-jarvis.txt # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals, oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-06-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Tarawa Atoll and Jarvis Island Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, westerly wind index, and d18O Data from 1890-1982 #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, D.M.; Cole, J.E. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Tarawa westerly wind reconstruction (1894-1982) from seasonally resolved measurements of Mn/Ca ratios. Mn/Ca measurement precision- 1s : ±1.6-2 nmol Mn/ mol Ca, d18O measurement precision- ±0.08 per mil. Jarvis Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) 10-year smoothed & detrended for comparison with Tarawa westerly wind reconstruction. Sr/Ca measurement precision- 1s : ±0.044 mmol/mol for in-house coral std. # Provided Keywords: Trade winds, ENSO, Hiatus #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, D.M., Cole, J.E., Shen, G.T., Tudhope, A.W., and Meehl, G.A. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: Early twentieth-century warming linked to tropical Pacific wind strength # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 117-121 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2321 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Of the rise in global atmospheric temperature over the past century, nearly 30% occurred between 1910 and 1940 when anthropogenic forcings were relatively weak. This early warming has been attributed to internal factors, such as natural climate variability in the Atlantic region, and external factors, such as solar variability and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the warming is too large to be explained by external factors alone and it precedes Atlantic warming by over a decade. For the late twentieth century, observations and climate model simulations suggest that Pacific trade winds can modulate global temperatures, but instrumental data are scarce in the early twentieth century. Here we present a westerly wind reconstruction (1894-1982) from seasonally resolved measurements of Mn/Ca ratios in a western Pacific coral that tracks interannual to multidecadal Pacific climate variability. We then reconstruct central Pacific temperatures using Sr/Ca ratios in a coral from Jarvis Island, and find that weak trade winds and warm temperatures coincide with rapid global warming from 1910 to 1940. In contrast, winds are stronger and temperatures cooler between 1940 and 1970, when global temperature rise slowed down. We suggest that variations in Pacific wind strength at decadal timescales significantly influence the rate of surface air temperature change. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cole, J.E., Fairbanks, R.G., and Shen, G.T. # Published_Date_or_Year: 1993 # Published_Title: Recent variability in the Southern Oscillation: Isotopic results from a Tarawa Atoll coral # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 260 # Edition: # Issue: 5115 # Pages: 1790-1793 # Report Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: In the western tropical Pacific, the interannual migration of the Indonesian Low convective system causes changes in rainfall that dominate the regional signature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. A 96-year oxygen isotope record from a Tarawa Atoll coral (1 degrees N, 172 degrees E) reflects regional convective activity through rainfall-induced salinity changes. This monthly resolution record spans twice the length of the local climatological record and provides a history of ENSO variability comparable in quality with those derived from instrumental climate data. Comparison of this coral record with a historical chronology of EI Niño events indicates that climate anomalies in coastal South America are occasionally decoupled from Pacific-wide ENSO extremes. Spectral analysis suggests that the distribution of variance in this record has shifted among annual to interannual periods during the present century, concurrent with observed changes in the strength of the Southern Oscillation. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NOAA # Grant: NA16RC008, NA08OAR4310682 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NSF # Grant: OCE-9158496, EaSM2-1243125 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NERC # Grant: NER/GR3/12021 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: DOE # Grant: DE-FC02-97ER62402 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Philanthropic Education Organization # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Jarvis Island # Location: Tropical Pacific Ocean # Country: US Territory # Northernmost_Latitude: -0.37167 # Southernmost_Latitude: -0.37167 # Easternmost_Longitude: -159.983 # Westernmost_Longitude: -159.983 # Elevation: -4 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Jarvis Island Thompson15 # First_Year: 1890 # Last_Year: 1990 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Porites sp. # Common_Name: # Tree_Species_Code: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## age_AD age,,,years AD,,,,,N ## Sr/Ca-porite Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) 10-year smoothed & detrended,Porites sp. skeleton,,mmol/mol,,Coral and Sclerosponge,,analytical technique: ICP-OES,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NaN age_AD Sr/Ca-porite 1890 0.01816 1890.25 0.024459 1890.5 0.03108 1890.75 0.03728 1891 0.04225 1891.25 0.045412 1891.5 0.048843 1891.75 0.051327 1892 0.051394 1892.25 0.049285 1892.5 0.045824 1892.75 0.043638 1893 0.044387 1893.25 0.045635 1893.5 0.04529 1893.75 0.045838 1894 0.047917 1894.25 0.052425 1894.5 0.060228 1894.75 0.071116 1895 0.079391 1895.25 0.076268 1895.5 0.069616 1895.75 0.062125 1896 0.058629 1896.25 0.060391 1896.5 0.060458 1896.75 0.060226 1897 0.060023 1897.25 0.061744 1897.5 0.063537 1897.75 0.064161 1898 0.061023 1898.25 0.055475 1898.5 0.046423 1898.75 0.038021 1899 0.030766 1899.25 0.026123 1899.5 0.025831 1899.75 0.030602 1900 0.033416 1900.25 0.033119 1900.5 0.032621 1900.75 0.032711 1901 0.031729 1901.25 0.030668 1901.5 0.027182 1901.75 0.022544 1902 0.020416 1902.25 0.021316 1902.5 0.021088 1902.75 0.018377 1903 0.014557 1903.25 0.012686 1903.5 0.009993 1903.75 0.007509 1904 0.006661 1904.25 0.003935 1904.5 -0.00094 1904.75 -0.00782 1905 -0.01041 1905.25 -0.00853 1905.5 -0.0082 1905.75 -0.00784 1906 -0.0098 1906.25 -0.01061 1906.5 -0.01077 1906.75 -0.01149 1907 -0.0152 1907.25 -0.02118 1907.5 -0.02625 1907.75 -0.03065 1908 -0.03188 1908.25 -0.02781 1908.5 -0.02336 1908.75 -0.022 1909 -0.02248 1909.25 -0.02936 1909.5 -0.03994 1909.75 -0.04842 1910 -0.05475 1910.25 -0.05941 1910.5 -0.06463 1910.75 -0.06706 1911 -0.06826 1911.25 -0.0649 1911.5 -0.05856 1911.75 -0.05233 1912 -0.049 1912.25 -0.04443 1912.5 -0.03959 1912.75 -0.03338 1913 -0.02633 1913.25 -0.02086 1913.5 -0.01583 1913.75 -0.0108 1914 -0.00677 1914.25 -0.00466 1914.5 -0.00233 1914.75 -0.00238 1915 -0.00358 1915.25 -0.00273 1915.5 -0.0043 1915.75 -0.00795 1916 -0.00964 1916.25 -0.01282 1916.5 -0.01478 1916.75 -0.0128 1917 -0.00786 1917.25 -0.00577 1917.5 -0.00189 1917.75 0.002553 1918 0.00221 1918.25 -0.00142 1918.5 -0.00163 1918.75 0.000246 1919 0.003961 1919.25 0.005621 1919.5 0.00606 1919.75 0.009025 1920 0.014453 1920.25 0.020413 1920.5 0.02678 1920.75 0.032831 1921 0.03436 1921.25 0.032007 1921.5 0.027248 1921.75 0.024003 1922 0.020333 1922.25 0.015718 1922.5 0.011629 1922.75 0.008374 1923 0.006647 1923.25 0.005233 1923.5 0.003343 1923.75 0.001421 1924 -4.30E-05 1924.25 0.001879 1924.5 0.006116 1924.75 0.009444 1925 0.012325 1925.25 0.014384 1925.5 0.015607 1925.75 0.014845 1926 0.01664 1926.25 0.016582 1926.5 0.013008 1926.75 0.007012 1927 0.003473 1927.25 0.001886 1927.5 0.000167 1927.75 0.002344 1928 0.005463 1928.25 0.006869 1928.5 0.00713 1928.75 0.007176 1929 0.011491 1929.25 0.017811 1929.5 0.021867 1929.75 0.023453 1930 0.023844 1930.25 0.020392 1930.5 0.017678 1930.75 0.017018 1931 0.015372 1931.25 0.016076 1931.5 0.015679 1931.75 0.017368 1932 0.019087 1932.25 0.01748 1932.5 0.015774 1932.75 0.015086 1933 0.014332 1933.25 0.011152 1933.5 0.00723 1933.75 0.006917 1934 0.006862 1934.25 0.004186 1934.5 0.001859 1934.75 0.000291 1935 1.09E-05 1935.25 0.000599 1935.5 0.000387 1935.75 -0.00046 1936 0.000178 1936.25 -0.00044 1936.5 -0.00088 1936.75 -0.00056 1937 -0.00322 1937.25 -0.00888 1937.5 -0.01746 1937.75 -0.02366 1938 -0.02746 1938.25 -0.03333 1938.5 -0.0364 1938.75 -0.03917 1939 -0.04196 1939.25 -0.04654 1939.5 -0.05309 1939.75 -0.05639 1940 -0.05761 1940.25 -0.06135 1940.5 -0.06632 1940.75 -0.06691 1941 -0.06784 1941.25 -0.06893 1941.5 -0.07153 1941.75 -0.07153 1942 -0.06973 1942.25 -0.07147 1942.5 -0.07212 1942.75 -0.07183 1943 -0.06959 1943.25 -0.06746 1943.5 -0.06595 1943.75 -0.06494 1944 -0.06179 1944.25 -0.06058 1944.5 -0.05992 1944.75 -0.05765 1945 -0.05553 1945.25 -0.0528 1945.5 -0.05024 1945.75 -0.04602 1946 -0.03901 1946.25 -0.03283 1946.5 -0.02819 1946.75 -0.02032 1947 -0.01155 1947.25 -0.00339 1947.5 0.003654 1947.75 0.00875 1948 0.014492 1948.25 0.019126 1948.5 0.020898 1948.75 0.023284 1949 0.025924 1949.25 0.029958 1949.5 0.031931 1949.75 0.035136 1950 0.039413 1950.25 0.042821 1950.5 0.046074 1950.75 0.049751 1951 0.054057 1951.25 0.055124 1951.5 0.055568 1951.75 0.056445 1952 0.05908 1952.25 0.059879 1952.5 0.060097 1952.75 0.059724 1953 0.060085 1953.25 0.058104 1953.5 0.055038 1953.75 0.051448 1954 0.050063 1954.25 0.048902 1954.5 0.046394 1954.75 0.045526 1955 0.044126 1955.25 0.043568 1955.5 0.04067 1955.75 0.037023 1956 0.035031 1956.25 0.030705 1956.5 0.026814 1956.75 0.024541 1957 0.023502 1957.25 0.021493 1957.5 0.019223 1957.75 0.018838 1958 0.017734 1958.25 0.017694 1958.5 0.015121 1958.75 0.014692 1959 0.013889 1959.25 0.013399 1959.5 0.013802 1959.75 0.012526 1960 0.012936 1960.25 0.012183 1960.5 0.009363 1960.75 0.007507 1961 0.006102 1961.25 0.004405 1961.5 0.001158 1961.75 -0.00093 1962 -0.00337 1962.25 -0.00584 1962.5 -0.00829 1962.75 -0.00913 1963 -0.00676 1963.25 -0.00492 1963.5 -0.00326 1963.75 -0.00239 1964 0.000442 1964.25 0.00378 1964.5 0.007746 1964.75 0.010146 1965 0.00918 1965.25 0.008313 1965.5 0.007067 1965.75 0.007661 1966 0.011691 1966.25 0.012568 1966.5 0.014407 1966.75 0.017747 1967 0.020962 1967.25 0.021915 1967.5 0.020891 1967.75 0.019178 1968 0.01744 1968.25 0.014799 1968.5 0.008139 1968.75 -0.00021 1969 5.95E-05 1969.25 0.001881 1969.5 0.005339 1969.75 0.010067 1970 0.012276 1970.25 0.012234 1970.5 0.011597 1970.75 0.014704 1971 0.015511 1971.25 0.016419 1971.5 0.019117 1971.75 0.023019 1972 0.025306 1972.25 0.02438 1972.5 0.020581 1972.75 0.016319 1973 0.013666 1973.25 0.010126 1973.5 0.007537 1973.75 0.003909 1974 0.00089 1974.25 -0.00185 1974.5 -0.00337 1974.75 -0.00326 1975 -0.00408 1975.25 -0.00503 1975.5 -0.00712 1975.75 -0.00927 1976 -0.01118 1976.25 -0.01589 1976.5 -0.02189 1976.75 -0.0253 1977 -0.02555 1977.25 -0.02633 1977.5 -0.02645 1977.75 -0.02632 1978 -0.02179 1978.25 -0.01506 1978.5 -0.01067 1978.75 -0.01655 1979 -0.02575 1979.25 -0.03506 1979.5 -0.04402 1979.75 -0.0476 1980 -0.04701 1980.25 -0.04595 1980.5 -0.04551 1980.75 -0.04453 1981 -0.04169 1981.25 -0.04176 1981.5 -0.04164 1981.75 -0.03979 1982 -0.03597 1982.25 -0.03173 1982.5 -0.02943 1982.75 -0.02873 1983 -0.03098 1983.25 -0.03462 1983.5 -0.03316 1983.75 -0.03301 1984 -0.03359 1984.25 -0.0318 1984.5 -0.02723 1984.75 -0.02081 1985 -0.01535 1985.25 -0.01343 1985.5 -0.01239 1985.75 -0.01049 1986 -0.0083 1986.25 -0.00594 1986.5 -0.00469 1986.75 -0.00351 1987 -0.00398 1987.25 -0.00319 1987.5 -0.00321 1987.75 -0.00667 1988 -0.00812 1988.25 -0.00335 1988.5 0.004868 1988.75 0.012794 1989 0.019902 1989.25 0.023314 1989.5 0.02254 1989.75 0.022979 1990 0.023857 1990.25 0.023328 1990.5 0.021841 1990.75 0.018447