# Tarawa Atoll and Jarvis Island Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, westerly wind index, and d18O Data from 1890-1982 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/ # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/central_pacific/thompson2015/thompson2015-tarawa.txt # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges # # Parameter_Keywords: trace metals, oxygen isotopes #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2016-06-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Tarawa Atoll and Jarvis Island Sr/Ca, Mn/Ca, westerly wind index, and d18O Data from 1890-1982 #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thompson, D.M.; Cole, J.E. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: Tarawa westerly wind reconstruction (1894-1982) from seasonally resolved measurements of Mn/Ca ratios. Mn/Ca measurement precision- 1s : ±1.6-2 nmol Mn/ mol Ca, d18O measurement precision- ±0.08 per mil. Jarvis Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) 10-year smoothed & detrended for comparison with Tarawa westerly wind reconstruction. Sr/Ca measurement precision- 1s : ±0.044 mmol/mol for in-house coral std. # Provided Keywords: Trade winds, ENSO, Hiatus #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Thompson, D.M., Cole, J.E., Shen, G.T., Tudhope, A.W., and Meehl, G.A. # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: Early twentieth-century warming linked to tropical Pacific wind strength # Journal_Name: Nature Geoscience # Volume: 8 # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: 117-121 # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1038/ngeo2321 # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Of the rise in global atmospheric temperature over the past century, nearly 30% occurred between 1910 and 1940 when anthropogenic forcings were relatively weak. This early warming has been attributed to internal factors, such as natural climate variability in the Atlantic region, and external factors, such as solar variability and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the warming is too large to be explained by external factors alone and it precedes Atlantic warming by over a decade. For the late twentieth century, observations and climate model simulations suggest that Pacific trade winds can modulate global temperatures, but instrumental data are scarce in the early twentieth century. Here we present a westerly wind reconstruction (1894-1982) from seasonally resolved measurements of Mn/Ca ratios in a western Pacific coral that tracks interannual to multidecadal Pacific climate variability. We then reconstruct central Pacific temperatures using Sr/Ca ratios in a coral from Jarvis Island, and find that weak trade winds and warm temperatures coincide with rapid global warming from 1910 to 1940. In contrast, winds are stronger and temperatures cooler between 1940 and 1970, when global temperature rise slowed down. We suggest that variations in Pacific wind strength at decadal timescales significantly influence the rate of surface air temperature change. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Cole, J.E., Fairbanks, R.G., and Shen, G.T. # Published_Date_or_Year: 1993 # Published_Title: Recent variability in the Southern Oscillation: Isotopic results from a Tarawa Atoll coral # Journal_Name: Science # Volume: 260 # Edition: # Issue: 5115 # Pages: 1790-1793 # Report Number: # DOI: # Online_Resource: # Full_Citation: # Abstract: In the western tropical Pacific, the interannual migration of the Indonesian Low convective system causes changes in rainfall that dominate the regional signature of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. A 96-year oxygen isotope record from a Tarawa Atoll coral (1 degrees N, 172 degrees E) reflects regional convective activity through rainfall-induced salinity changes. This monthly resolution record spans twice the length of the local climatological record and provides a history of ENSO variability comparable in quality with those derived from instrumental climate data. Comparison of this coral record with a historical chronology of EI Niño events indicates that climate anomalies in coastal South America are occasionally decoupled from Pacific-wide ENSO extremes. Spectral analysis suggests that the distribution of variance in this record has shifted among annual to interannual periods during the present century, concurrent with observed changes in the strength of the Southern Oscillation. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NOAA # Grant: NA16RC008, NA08OAR4310682 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NSF # Grant: OCE-9158496, EaSM2-1243125 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: NERC # Grant: NER/GR3/12021 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: DOE # Grant: DE-FC02-97ER62402 #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Philanthropic Education Organization # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Tarawa Atoll # Location: Tropical Pacific Ocean # Country: Kiribati # Northernmost_Latitude: 1.33 # Southernmost_Latitude: 1.33 # Easternmost_Longitude: 172.97 # Westernmost_Longitude: 172.97 # Elevation: -6.7 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Tarawa Thompson15 # First_Year: 1894 # Last_Year: 1982 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Porites sp. # Common_Name: # Tree_Species_Code: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## age_AD age,,,years AD,,,,,N ## Mn/Ca-porite Mn to Ca ratio of the coral skeleton,Porites sp. skeleton,,nmol/mol,,Coral and Sclerosponge,,analytical technique: graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer ,N ## West_wind_anom_ind Westerly Wind Anomaly Index,Porites sp.,,N/A (count),,Coral and Sclerosponge,10-year sum of quarterly Mn/Ca with a Z-score = 1; 85th percentile,,N ## d18Oporite_det-anom delta 18O,Porites sp.,,per mil PDB,,Coral and Sclerosponge,Detrended anomalies,analytical technique: isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: NaN age_AD Mn/Ca-porite West_wind_anom_ind d18Oporite_det-anom 1893.75 24.301 NaN 0.713 1894 24.68 NaN 0.891 1894.25 22.299 NaN 1.079 1894.5 25.367 NaN 0.802 1894.75 25.695 NaN 0.356 1895 25.858 NaN 0.359 1895.25 49.562 NaN 1.197 1895.5 58.641 NaN 0.213 1895.75 27.239 NaN -0.504 1896 32.139 NaN -0.079 1896.25 42.847 NaN 0.106 1896.5 49.071 NaN -2.067 1896.75 33.438 NaN -2.157 1897 26.761 NaN -1.022 1897.25 25.14 NaN 0.287 1897.5 29.978 NaN 0.618 1897.75 24.295 NaN 0.396 1898 23.015 NaN 0.854 1898.25 22.784 NaN 1.561 1898.5 26.978 NaN 1.098 1898.75 25.506 7 0.701 1899 24.059 7 0.954 1899.25 26.229 7 1.52 1899.5 42.138 7 0.917 1899.75 58.477 7 -1.837 1900 58.001 7 -1.94 1900.25 30.821 7 -0.662 1900.5 25.637 7 0.299 1900.75 31.657 6 -0.723 1901 28.279 6 -0.023 1901.25 29.084 6 0.73 1901.5 34.18 6 0.394 1901.75 32.96 5 -0.047 1902 32.784 5 0.719 1902.25 35.457 5 0.074 1902.5 72.792 5 -1.178 1902.75 59.245 5 -1.377 1903 43.519 5 -0.904 1903.25 35.491 5 0.29 1903.5 37.609 5 0.166 1903.75 35.172 5 -0.147 1904 29.965 5 0.535 1904.25 38.024 5 0.893 1904.5 34.936 5 0.54 1904.75 40.632 5 -1.048 1905 33.698 4 -1.33 1905.25 36.169 3 -1.129 1905.5 46.414 3 -1.157 1905.75 38.338 3 -1.852 1906 26.432 3 -0.723 1906.25 25.732 3 0.097 1906.5 29.329 3 -0.216 1906.75 29.312 4 -0.482 1907 28.481 4 0.282 1907.25 28.993 4 -0.003 1907.5 34.464 4 -0.38 1907.75 29.866 3 -0.081 1908 25.629 2 1.427 1908.25 25.689 2 0.908 1908.5 29.623 2 0.486 1908.75 27.485 3 0.301 1909 27.422 3 0.701 1909.25 24.907 3 1.366 1909.5 24.777 4 0.902 1909.75 29.143 5 1.19 1910 26.814 6 0.92 1910.25 24.815 7 0.555 1910.5 27.106 7 0.807 1910.75 28.275 6 -0.629 1911 29.61 6 -0.191 1911.25 31.043 6 0.402 1911.5 40.244 6 -0.262 1911.75 52.083 6 -1.314 1912 42.336 7 -1.725 1912.25 27.935 8 -1.27 1912.5 25.239 9 0.848 1912.75 31.961 9 -0.485 1913 34.971 9 -0.332 1913.25 31.891 10 0.989 1913.5 36.135 11 0.042 1913.75 47.096 12 -2.128 1914 41.904 12 -2.528 1914.25 35.145 12 -2.26 1914.5 45.99 12 -2.018 1914.75 62.212 13 -2.019 1915 60.314 13 -1.475 1915.25 48.29 13 -1.641 1915.5 38.581 13 -0.522 1915.75 34.001 13 0.328 1916 34.105 13 -0.023 1916.25 32.3 13 0.378 1916.5 34.451 13 0.222 1916.75 35.684 13 0.515 1917 80.179 12 0.649 1917.25 55.328 12 0.656 1917.5 47.039 12 0.826 1917.75 31.189 12 0.939 1918 40.571 12 0.632 1918.25 45.418 12 0.704 1918.5 57.343 12 -0.366 1918.75 65.727 12 -1.17 1919 42.146 11 -0.885 1919.25 32.768 12 0.089 1919.5 40.418 12 0.635 1919.75 59.806 11 -1.193 1920 43.342 10 -1.472 1920.25 31.874 9 -0.255 1920.5 34.823 8 0.676 1920.75 33.513 8 0.571 1921 36.586 8 0.565 1921.25 42.325 8 1.202 1921.5 35.359 9 0.847 1921.75 39.361 9 -0.085 1922 41.256 9 0.163 1922.25 39.758 9 0.817 1922.5 29.316 8 0.854 1922.75 36.196 7 0.204 1923 41.545 7 0.261 1923.25 37.725 7 0.879 1923.5 39.107 6 0.614 1923.75 38.384 5 -0.329 1924 43.281 4 -1.25 1924.25 50.307 4 0.836 1924.5 38.244 4 0.739 1924.75 36.159 4 0.434 1925 35.166 3 0.716 1925.25 33.314 3 1.07 1925.5 31.678 3 0.736 1925.75 29.613 3 -0.055 1926 29.614 4 -1.42 1926.25 42.889 5 -0.837 1926.5 50.569 5 -0.138 1926.75 31.456 5 -0.11 1927 32.391 5 0.604 1927.25 48.238 6 0.816 1927.5 30.375 7 0.418 1927.75 38.578 7 0.161 1928 33.429 7 0.26 1928.25 33.65 7 1.064 1928.5 27.157 7 1.203 1928.75 28.184 7 0.577 1929 37.749 7 0.076 1929.25 36.465 7 0.571 1929.5 30.75 6 0.847 1929.75 22.795 6 0.014 1930 34.887 6 -0.531 1930.25 41.493 6 0.277 1930.5 31.105 6 -0.115 1930.75 30.89 7 -1.4 1931 48.255 7 -0.918 1931.25 64.469 7 0.808 1931.5 41.083 7 0.981 1931.75 37.318 6 -0.062 1932 28.269 6 0.578 1932.25 64.111 6 0.381 1932.5 47.984 5 0.442 1932.75 39.363 5 0.045 1933 32.646 5 0.23 1933.25 41.458 6 0.938 1933.5 40.767 6 0.928 1933.75 18.753 6 0.675 1934 20.4 6 0.882 1934.25 39.183 6 1.4 1934.5 36.957 7 0.879 1934.75 33.62 7 -0.208 1935 34.529 7 -0.533 1935.25 39.309 7 -0.062 1935.5 42.278 7 0.122 1935.75 46.915 7 0.313 1936 30.043 7 -0.668 1936.25 20.117 7 -0.029 1936.5 26.009 7 0.98 1936.75 14.241 7 0.053 1937 8.3062 7 -0.205 1937.25 9.909 7 0.552 1937.5 22.926 6 0.833 1937.75 22.171 5 -0.003 1938 29.102 5 -0.154 1938.25 47.643 5 0.664 1938.5 25.405 5 0.831 1938.75 36.946 5 0.102 1939 41.03 5 -0.541 1939.25 39.417 5 -0.729 1939.5 45.334 5 -1.652 1939.75 26.184 5 -1.828 1940 27.963 5 -1.103 1940.25 33.295 5 -0.317 1940.5 33.884 5 -1.023 1940.75 26.366 5 -2.165 1941 34.2 4 -1.23 1941.25 53.517 4 -1.057 1941.5 56.793 4 -1.527 1941.75 33.37 4 -1.374 1942 38.642 5 -0.488 1942.25 33.725 6 0.535 1942.5 30.595 6 0.706 1942.75 31.186 6 0.736 1943 33.464 6 0.938 1943.25 33.181 6 1.405 1943.5 39.148 5 1.115 1943.75 30.325 5 0.934 1944 30.926 5 0.895 1944.25 33.065 5 1.263 1944.5 25.313 5 1.187 1944.75 31.065 4 0.581 1945 23.314 4 0.623 1945.25 31.841 4 2.303 1945.5 30.264 4 1.426 1945.75 27.192 4 0.546 1946 34.557 4 0.763 1946.25 38.224 4 1.581 1946.5 32.372 3 0.716 1946.75 31.187 2 -1.484 1947 61 2 -0.723 1947.25 56.508 2 0.315 1947.5 36.498 2 1.012 1947.75 21.114 2 0.072 1948 21.024 2 -1 1948.25 30.649 2 0.417 1948.5 29.138 2 0.131 1948.75 29.907 2 -0.145 1949 29.228 2 -0.078 1949.25 28.591 2 0.905 1949.5 31.684 2 0.768 1949.75 31.919 2 0.319 1950 23.474 2 1.051 1950.25 27.245 2 1.276 1950.5 26.466 2 1.499 1950.75 24.78 2 0.678 1951 27.481 2 0.755 1951.25 31.463 2 0.83 1951.5 32.928 2 -0.154 1951.75 35.328 2 -0.701 1952 39.788 2 -0.872 1952.25 33.498 1 0.709 1952.5 23.722 0 1.158 1952.75 30.01 0 -0.106 1953 37.31 1 -0.918 1953.25 36.223 2 0.308 1953.5 20.575 2 0.177 1953.75 28.404 2 -0.109 1954 27.796 2 0.85 1954.25 20.989 2 1.067 1954.5 22.612 2 1.501 1954.75 27.174 2 1.448 1955 30.05 2 1.472 1955.25 25.96 2 2.281 1955.5 25.72 2 2.05 1955.75 22.095 3 1.312 1956 21.133 3 2.611 1956.25 24.46 3 2.312 1956.5 29.859 3 1.729 1956.75 29.163 3 1.692 1957 28.286 3 1.152 1957.25 27.456 3 1.211 1957.5 22.647 3 0.679 1957.75 22.27 3 -1.465 1958 49.543 3 -1.429 1958.25 59.995 3 -1 1958.5 29.783 3 -0.561 1958.75 33.8 3 -0.714 1959 38.675 3 -0.845 1959.25 26.815 3 -0.57 1959.5 29.433 3 -0.884 1959.75 27.3 3 -0.862 1960 30.425 3 -0.163 1960.25 43.78 3 0.626 1960.5 30.124 3 0.489 1960.75 55.03 4 -0.142 1961 30.44 5 -0.646 1961.25 20.701 5 -0.011 1961.5 24.587 5 0.011 1961.75 23.99 5 -0.408 1962 28.03 5 0.496 1962.25 26.764 5 0.315 1962.5 19.604 5 0.423 1962.75 22.39 5 -0.132 1963 14.14 6 -0.03 1963.25 34.3 5 0.406 1963.5 30.56 5 0.032 1963.75 33.38 5 -1.361 1964 41.43 5 -1.097 1964.25 24.08 5 0.086 1964.5 17.14 5 0.88 1964.75 21.74 5 1.363 1965 27.17 5 0.799 1965.25 27.742 5 0.079 1965.5 28.991 5 -0.144 1965.75 49.477 5 -0.963 1966 55.114 4 -1.416 1966.25 37.667 4 -0.145 1966.5 27.852 4 0.004 1966.75 30.987 4 -0.501 1967 30.544 4 -0.073 1967.25 30.1 4 0.594 1967.5 25.689 4 0.369 1967.75 39.9 4 0.059 1968 45.67 5 -0.02 1968.25 43.781 6 0.583 1968.5 47.538 7 0.512 1968.75 33.445 7 -0.521 1969 39.926 7 -0.99 1969.25 32.852 7 -0.749 1969.5 38.704 7 -0.104 1969.75 40.049 7 -0.515 1970 31.97 7 -0.263 1970.25 32.32 7 0.218 1970.5 35.053 7 0.377 1970.75 37.993 7 0.444 1971 28.296 6 0.842 1971.25 38.5 5 0.936 1971.5 31.803 6 0.892 1971.75 33.786 7 0.292 1972 33.212 7 0.361 1972.25 31.933 7 0.013 1972.5 25.188 7 -0.531 1972.75 30.039 7 -1.452 1973 44.954 7 -1.854 1973.25 57.759 6 -1.371 1973.5 49.625 6 -0.183 1973.75 37.916 5 0.763 1974 29.006 5 1.014 1974.25 27.382 5 1.292 1974.5 31.752 5 1.201 1974.75 37.67 5 0.232 1975 35.913 5 0.315 1975.25 38.083 5 0.273 1975.5 28.934 5 0.433 1975.75 33.775 5 0.987 1976 38.225 5 0.719 1976.25 34.003 6 -0.832 1976.5 53.246 6 -1.431 1976.75 49.533 6 -0.844 1977 40.145 6 -0.248 1977.25 33.968 6 1.17 1977.5 27.791 7 0.874 1977.75 21.614 7 -0.266 1978 19.829 NaN -1.068 1978.25 25.129 NaN 0.255 1978.5 23.752 NaN 0.428 1978.75 19.262 NaN -0.116 1979 24.196 NaN -0.337 1979.25 26.931 NaN 0.071 1979.5 30.847 NaN -0.199 1979.75 21.695 NaN -0.623 1980 19.174 NaN -1.25 1980.25 27.559 NaN -0.721 1980.5 30.703 NaN -1.189 1980.75 23.395 NaN -1.498 1981 28.594 NaN -2.139 1981.25 45.596 NaN -1.051 1981.5 36.663 NaN 0.33 1981.75 33.691 NaN -0.219 1982 37.727 NaN -0.073 1982.25 43.836 NaN 0.02 1982.5 45.185 NaN -1.186 1982.75 43.049 NaN -1.843