Moorea Coral Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Moorea Coral Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 8/2003 (Original Receipt by WDCA Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: Anne Juillet, CNRS IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2003-060 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Boiseau, M., et al., 2003, Moorea Coral Stable Isotope Data, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2003-060. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Boiseau, M., M. Ghil, and A. Juillet-Leclerc, 1999, Climatic trends and interdecadal variability from South-Central Pacific coral records, Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, No.18, pp. 2881-2884, September 15, 1999. Boiseau, M., A. Juillet-Leclerc, P. Yiou, B. Salvat, P. Isdale, and M. Guillaume, 1998, Atmospheric and oceanic evidences of El Niņo-Southern Oscillation events in the south central Pacific Ocean from coral stable isotopic records over the last 137 years, Paleoceanography, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 671 (98PA02502). GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Central tropical Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 1852 - 1990 AD FUNDING SOURCES: Societe de Secours des Amis de la Science and the IGPP Director's Laboratory Fund (M.B.), and by an NSF Special Creativity Award (M.G.). DESCRIPTION: Coral Stable Isotope data at annual and monthly resolution from Moorea Lagoon, French Polynesia (17 30'S, 149 50'W). The chronology has been established by associating each maximum and minimum in d18O with each minimum (August) and maximum (March) in the SST record, assuming a constant linear extension rate between these 2 months. ABSTRACT: We study climate variability over interdecadal time scales from d13C and d18O records, measured in a Porites lutea coral core drilled in the Moorea lagoon. Previously, we demonstrated that the annual d18O variations reflect those in sea-surface temperature (SST), while the annual d13C variations record primarily cloud-cover changes. We apply two distinct spectral analysis methods to the d13C and d18O time series from 1853 to 1989. Our analysis of the d18O record shows a secular warming trend and a 35-year oscillation in temperatures over the last 137 years. A trend and a 34-year cycle are also found in the d13C record. The latter trend may be caused by either anthropogenic effects or a cloud-cover increase in this region of the Pacific Ocean, while the interdecadal oscillation appears to be related to changes in cloud cover, as well as in precipitation. DATA: 1. Annual averages d18O and d13C, per mil vs. PDB Year d18O,PDB d13C,PDB 1990.5 -4.62 -0.09 1989.5 -4.47 0.12 1988.5 -4.47 -0.09 1987.5 -4.45 -0.14 1986.5 -4.48 -0.02 1985.5 -4.43 0 1984.5 -4.53 0.1 1983.5 -4.33 -0.16 1982.5 -4.27 0 1981.5 -4.30 -0.06 1980.5 -4.43 -0.21 1979.5 -4.27 -0.02 1978.5 -4.41 -0.47 1977.5 -4.25 0.03 1976.5 -4.18 0.31 1975.5 -4.21 0.1 1974.5 -4.26 0.04 1973.5 -4.53 0.17 1972.5 -4.31 0.15 1971.5 -4.13 0.22 1970.5 -4.25 0.03 1969.5 -4.29 -0.12 1968.5 -4.24 0.03 1967.5 -4.25 0 1966.5 -4.25 0.08 1965.5 -4.19 -0.08 1964.5 -4.26 -0.02 1963.5 -4.18 0.19 1962.5 -4.22 0.26 1961.5 -4.28 0.18 1960.5 -4.22 0.19 1959.5 -4.47 0.31 1958.5 -4.44 0.02 1957.5 -4.34 0.12 1956.5 -4.20 0.11 1955.5 -4.17 0.52 1954.5 -4.40 -0.12 1953.5 -4.34 0.1 1952.5 -4.39 0.28 1951.5 -4.43 -0.03 1950.5 -4.32 -0.3 1949.5 -4.40 -0.54 1948.5 -4.39 -0.09 1947.5 -4.25 -0.01 1946.5 -4.32 0.01 1945.5 -4.36 -0.2 1944.5 -4.28 -0.19 1943.5 -4.22 -0.49 1942.5 -4.26 -0.74 1941.5 -4.20 -0.26 1940.5 -4.18 -0.32 1939.5 -4.05 -0.21 1938.5 -4.11 0.29 1937.5 -4.09 0.29 1936.5 -4.18 0.46 1935.5 -4.01 0.6 1934.5 -4.26 -0.01 1933.5 -4.07 0.39 1932.5 -4.31 0.32 1931.5 -4.26 0.3 1930.5 -4.18 0.03 1929.5 -4.05 0.27 1928.5 -4.06 0.35 1927.5 -4.20 0.55 1926.5 -4.10 0.44 1925.5 -3.92 0.45 1924.5 -3.98 0.34 1923.5 -4.12 0.42 1922.5 -4.25 0.39 1921.5 -4.19 0.27 1920.5 -4.18 0.08 1919.5 -4.30 0.57 1918.5 -4.45 0.68 1917.5 -4.14 0.51 1916.5 -4.16 0.09 1915.5 -4.26 -0.08 1914.5 -4.17 0.02 1913.5 -4.12 0.12 1912.5 -4.05 0.49 1911.5 -4.12 0.79 1910.5 -4.01 0.96 1909.5 -3.88 0.99 1908.5 -4.02 0.8 1907.5 -4.03 0.49 1906.5 -3.93 0.24 1905.5 -4.22 0.35 1904.5 -3.97 0.65 1903.5 -3.93 0.91 1902.5 -3.83 0.94 1901.5 -4.03 0.37 1900.5 -4.16 0.49 1899.5 -4.01 0.59 1898.5 -3.94 0.65 1897.5 -3.93 1.01 1896.5 -3.94 1.02 1895.5 -4.15 0.89 1894.5 -4.26 0.63 1893.5 -4.09 0.74 1892.5 -4.15 0.79 1891.5 -4.14 0.75 1890.5 -4.21 0.84 1889.5 -4.21 0.61 1888.5 -4.30 0.81 1887.5 -4.05 0.59 1886.5 -4.15 0.69 1885.5 -4.24 0.43 1884.5 -4.08 0.68 1883.5 -4.07 0.61 1882.5 -4.18 0.78 1881.5 -4.18 0.7 1880.5 -4.23 0.65 1879.5 -3.98 0.61 1878.5 -4.11 0.13 1877.5 -4.16 0.48 1876.5 -4.26 0.4 1875.5 -4.23 0.39 1874.5 -4.08 0.28 1873.5 -4.17 0.56 1872.5 -4.13 0.29 1871.5 -4.17 0.33 1870.5 -3.94 0.59 1869.5 -4.00 0.32 1868.5 -4.05 0.74 1867.5 -4.08 0.94 1866.5 -4.07 0.86 1865.5 -3.97 0.8 1864.5 -4.07 0.8 1863.5 -3.87 0.9 1862.5 -3.97 0.94 1861.5 -4.00 0.79 1860.5 -4.05 0.87 1859.5 -4.18 0.64 1858.5 -4.05 0.57 1857.5 -4.03 0.54 1856.5 -3.93 0.69 1855.5 -4.06 0.14 1854.5 -4.01 0.16 1853.5 -4.00 0.44 1852.5 -4.15 0.65 2. Monthly Data d18O and d13C, per mil vs. PDB date d18O,PDB d13C,PDB May-90 -4.68 -0.29 April-90 -4.53 -0.32 March-90 -4.70 0.14 February-90 -4.63 0.16 January-90 -4.55 -0.16 November-89 -4.59 0.01 October-89 -4.39 0.28 August-89 -4.29 -0.19 March-89 -4.60 0.40 December-88 -4.57 0.23 November-88 -4.33 0.16 August-88 -4.17 0.04 July-88 -4.40 -0.52 May-88 -4.58 -0.18 March-88 -4.74 -0.25 December-87 -4.52 -0.31 October-87 -4.30 0.06 August-87 -4.24 0.13 June-87 -4.41 -0.30 May-87 -4.50 -0.63 March-87 -4.61 -0.01 January-87 -4.56 0.11 October-86 -4.31 -0.13 August-86 -4.28 -0.05 July-86 -4.41 -0.56 April-86 -4.66 -0.18 March-86 -4.74 -0.17 November-85 -4.33 0.10 October-85 -4.23 0.06 August-85 -4.22 0.03 July-85 -4.54 -0.32 May-85 -4.58 0.39 March-85 -4.70 -0.27 August-84 -4.22 0.02 June-84 -4.30 -0.29 May-84 -4.72 -0.07 April-84 -4.69 0.38 March-84 -4.79 0.51 January-84 -4.47 0.04 November-83 -4.27 -0.03 August-83 -4.22 -0.30 June-83 -4.23 0.05 April-83 -4.33 -0.07 March-83 -4.57 -0.45 November-82 -4.10 0.23 August-82 -4.05 0.07 June-82 -4.20 -0.15 March-82 -4.51 -0.21 February-82 -4.48 0.06 December-81 -4.45 -0.08 November-81 -4.30 0.37 September-81 -4.12 0.32 August-81 -4.04 0.03 June-81 -4.35 -0.15 May-81 -4.36 -0.47 March-81 -4.45 -0.41 December-80 -4.29 0.14 August-80 -4.22 0.20 July-80 -4.35 -0.08 June-80 -4.47 -0.38 April-80 -4.58 -0.26 March-80 -4.59 -0.65 February-80 -4.48 -0.46 November-79 -4.10 0.05 October-79 -4.10 -0.02 August-79 -4.07 0.29 May-79 -4.49 -0.30 March-79 -4.59 -0.12 September-78 -4.32 -0.31 August-78 -4.38 -0.29 March-78 -4.54 -0.62 January-78 -4.47 -0.72 December-77 -4.40 -0.37 November-77 -4.52 -0.37 September-77 -4.33 -0.45 August-77 -4.05 0.33 July-77 -4.19 0.16 June-77 -4.01 -0.09 May-77 -4.24 -0.39 April-77 -4.45 -0.20 March-77 -4.53 -0.21 January-77 -4.26 0.09 October-76 -4.23 0.77 August-76 -4.02 0.28 June-76 -4.06 -0.01 April-76 -4.25 0.14 March-76 -4.35 0.36 December-75 -4.25 0.39 October-75 -4.10 0.27 August-75 -4.07 0.09 March-75 -4.36 -0.12 January-75 -4.26 -0.10 November-74 -4.34 0.67 August-74 -4.12 0.32 July-74 -4.13 -0.01 June-74 -4.17 -0.18 May-74 -4.23 -0.42 March-74 -4.39 -0.29 February-74 -4.39 -0.17 January-74 -4.33 0.38 November-73 -4.51 0.61 October-73 -4.49 0.46 August-73 -4.45 -0.29 March-73 -4.62 -0.17 January-73 -4.58 0.25 December-72 -4.25 0.71 October-72 -4.25 0.08 August-72 -4.19 0.14 July-72 -4.34 -0.26 March-72 -4.53 0.10 December-71 -4.05 0.45 August-71 -3.95 0.22 June-71 -4.15 0.11 March-71 -4.39 0.09 November-70 -4.03 0.41 August-70 -3.94 0.39 July-70 -4.14 -0.01 June-70 -4.39 -0.24 May-70 -4.42 0.15 March-70 -4.52 -0.43 December-69 -4.44 0.18 August-69 -4.13 0.29 July-69 -4.14 -0.03 June-69 -4.22 -0.56 May-69 -4.34 -0.52 April-69 -4.38 -0.13 March-69 -4.46 -0.04 February-69 -4.33 -0.46 December-68 -4.18 0.18 October-68 -4.37 0.17 August-68 -4.03 0.03 May-68 -4.24 -0.11 March-68 -4.35 -0.36 January-68 -4.27 0.29 November-67 -4.07 0.29 August-67 -3.98 -0.10 July-67 -4.30 -0.39 May-67 -4.31 0.35 April-67 -4.38 0.05 March-67 -4.48 -0.21 November-66 -4.24 0.07 August-66 -4.05 0.13 May-66 -4.31 -0.22 March-66 -4.40 0.20 February-66 -4.23 0.20 November-65 -4.28 -0.28 October-65 -4.11 0.43 August-65 -4.00 -0.41 June-65 -4.09 -0.25 May-65 -4.31 -0.07 March-65 -4.34 0.12 October-64 -4.19 0.25 August-64 -4.11 0.08 July-64 -4.21 -0.03 June-64 -4.30 -0.22 May-64 -4.24 -0.45 April-64 -4.32 -0.06 March-64 -4.43 0.26 November-63 -4.15 0.47 August-63 -3.93 0.40 July-63 -4.22 0.22 June-63 -4.11 0.01 May-63 -4.28 -0.13 March-63 -4.39 0.18 December-62 -4.20 0.42 August-62 -4.05 0.43 May-62 -4.27 0.11 March-62 -4.36 0.10 December-61 -4.32 0.49 November-61 -4.21 0.30 August-61 -3.93 0.25 July-61 -4.24 -0.07 June-61 -4.22 0.28 April-61 -4.52 0.15 March-61 -4.54 -0.17 December-60 -4.24 0.45 August-60 -4.04 0.37 July-60 -4.06 -0.02 May-60 -4.32 -0.17 April-60 -4.25 -0.07 March-60 -4.44 0.25 December-59 -4.44 0.27 November-59 -4.42 0.94 August-59 -4.29 0.36 June-59 -4.49 -0.29 May-59 -4.57 -0.05 March-59 -4.59 -0.07 December-58 -4.44 0.94 August-58 -4.14 0.63 June-58 -4.35 0.12 May-58 -4.54 -0.41 March-58 -4.64 -0.39 January-58 -4.51 0.01 November-57 -4.48 0.14 October-57 -4.24 -0.08 August-57 -4.11 0.02 March-57 -4.52 0.43 December-56 -4.09 0.31 August-56 -4.09 0.34 July-56 -4.11 0.13 May-56 -4.18 -0.26 April-56 -4.36 -0.36 March-56 -4.39 0.49 August-55 -3.92 1.16 July-55 -4.03 0.69 May-55 -4.17 0.25 April-55 -4.37 0.24 March-55 -4.38 0.28 December-54 -4.20 0.23 August-54 -4.20 0.07 June-54 -4.50 -0.59 March-54 -4.71 -0.19 December-53 -4.17 0.22 October-53 -4.41 0.05 August-53 -3.99 -0.19 March-53 -4.80 0.31 August-52 -4.11 0.49 June-52 -4.30 0.39 May-52 -4.43 0.27 March-52 -4.73 -0.01 November-51 -4.67 0.25 August-51 -4.14 0.30 June-51 -4.23 -0.05 May-51 -4.46 -0.09 April-51 -4.52 0.10 March-51 -4.56 -0.70 November-50 -4.25 -0.17 August-50 -4.12 -0.36 July-50 -4.16 -0.49 April-50 -4.40 -0.43 March-50 -4.52 -0.15 January-50 -4.46 -0.19 December-49 -4.42 -0.26 November-49 -4.15 0.32 August-49 -4.14 -0.26 July-49 -4.33 -0.87 June-49 -4.53 -1.47 May-49 -4.44 -0.46 April-49 -4.56 -0.90 March-49 -4.59 -0.62 January-49 -4.46 -0.32 November-48 -4.39 -0.75 August-48 -4.17 0.11 May-48 -4.33 -0.32 March-48 -4.64 0.36 January-48 -4.42 0.17 October-47 -4.20 0.30 August-47 -4.06 0.18 July-47 -4.13 -0.08 June-47 -4.30 -0.33 March-47 -4.58 -0.16 December-46 -4.32 0.14 August-46 -4.16 0.03 May-46 -4.24 -0.28 March-46 -4.61 -0.22 February-46 -4.29 0.38 December-45 -4.54 -0.32 November-45 -4.24 0.15 October-45 -4.27 -0.05 August-45 -4.17 -0.53 July-45 -4.33 -0.35 May-45 -4.42 -0.11 March-45 -4.53 -0.21 December-44 -4.29 0.34 August-44 -3.97 0.30 July-44 -4.10 -0.08 June-44 -4.23 -0.33 May-44 -4.36 -0.34 April-44 -4.44 -0.47 March-44 -4.57 -0.71 December-43 -4.19 -0.30 October-43 -4.14 -0.66 August-43 -3.99 -0.34 July-43 -3.94 -0.49 May-43 -4.38 -0.96 April-43 -4.41 -0.39 March-43 -4.46 -0.30 November-42 -4.12 0.15 August-42 -4.09 -0.11 July-42 -4.10 -0.76 June-42 -4.24 -1.23 May-42 -4.28 -1.16 April-42 -4.41 -1.71 March-42 -4.42 -0.45 January-42 -4.42 -0.67 November-41 -4.06 0.12 August-41 -3.93 -0.16 July-41 -4.21 -0.94 May-41 -4.33 -0.04 March-41 -4.47 -0.27 October-40 -4.13 0.16 August-40 -3.94 -0.35 March-40 -4.30 -1.15 March-40 -4.34 0.08 August-39 -3.81 0.29 June-39 -3.91 0.02 May-39 -4.06 -0.70 March-39 -4.43 -0.44 December-38 -4.23 0.05 August-38 -3.77 0.70 July-38 -4.06 0.00 May-38 -4.04 0.21 April-38 -4.22 0.28 March-38 -4.35 0.51 December-37 -3.97 0.61 August-37 -3.94 0.30 March-37 -4.24 -0.02 January-37 -4.19 0.29 November-36 -4.27 0.87 August-36 -3.90 0.59 May-36 -4.12 0.19 March-36 -4.34 -0.13 January-36 -4.25 0.77 November-35 -3.97 0.84 October-35 -3.96 0.17 August-35 -3.95 0.16 May-35 -3.97 0.32 March-35 -4.17 0.90 January-35 -4.02 1.18 November-34 -4.07 0.56 August-34 -3.97 -0.04 May-34 -4.35 -0.43 March-34 -4.46 -0.07 January-34 -4.45 -0.07 November-33 -3.92 1.04 August-33 -3.68 0.13 July-33 -3.92 0.30 June-33 -4.19 0.18 April-33 -4.26 0.53 March-33 -4.45 0.16 December-32 -4.23 0.61 August-32 -4.15 0.59 July-32 -4.16 0.26 May-32 -4.23 0.03 April-32 -4.41 -0.07 March-32 -4.51 0.38 January-32 -4.50 0.43 November-31 -4.29 0.53 October-31 -4.14 0.60 August-31 -4.13 0.33 June-31 -4.21 -0.30 May-31 -4.40 -0.14 March-31 -4.50 0.33 January-31 -4.13 0.72 November-30 -3.89 0.50 August-30 -3.85 0.32 June-30 -4.18 -0.53 May-30 -4.20 -0.11 March-30 -4.61 -0.24 February-30 -4.33 0.23 December-29 -4.31 -0.26 November-29 -4.23 0.07 September-29 -4.01 0.46 August-29 -3.77 0.06 July-29 -3.89 -0.27 May-29 -3.97 0.65 April-29 -4.10 0.66 March-29 -4.13 0.79 December-28 -3.89 0.59 August-28 -3.85 -0.06 May-28 -4.24 0.18 March-28 -4.24 0.70 August-27 -3.99 1.43 May-27 -4.02 0.33 April-27 -4.57 -0.10 March-27 -4.57 0.04 December-26 -4.16 0.73 August-26 -3.93 0.58 May-26 -4.04 0.18 March-26 -4.26 0.27 August-25 -3.65 1.17 June-25 -3.78 0.59 May-25 -3.89 0.01 March-25 -4.35 0.03 December-24 -4.20 0.58 October-24 -3.83 0.48 August-24 -3.83 0.27 May-24 -4.02 0.06 March-24 -4.02 0.33 August-23 -3.68 0.77 June-23 -4.09 0.49 May-23 -4.28 -0.07 March-23 -4.42 0.49 November-22 -4.24 0.36 August-22 -4.16 0.42 June-22 -4.26 0.02 March-22 -4.35 0.74 December-21 -4.23 0.56 August-21 -4.05 0.62 June-21 -4.18 -0.19 April-21 -4.23 -0.47 March-21 -4.25 0.15 January-21 -4.17 0.94 November-20 -4.06 0.43 August-20 -4.00 0.43 July-20 -4.03 -0.15 May-20 -4.21 0.04 April-20 -4.36 -0.33 March-20 -4.40 0.05 December-19 -4.22 0.65 August-19 -4.21 0.36 June-19 -4.22 0.57 May-19 -4.31 0.67 March-19 -4.49 0.55 January-19 -4.39 0.65 November-18 -4.39 0.73 August-18 -4.23 0.98 June-18 -4.51 0.34 April-18 -4.68 0.44 March-18 -4.68 0.88 January-18 -4.20 0.69 November-17 -4.12 0.44 August-17 -3.58 0.65 June-17 -4.36 0.23 May-17 -4.07 0.68 March-17 -4.58 0.54 December-16 -4.11 0.11 August-16 -4.01 0.40 June-16 -4.05 0.03 May-16 -4.17 -0.01 March-16 -4.34 -0.30 January-16 -4.26 0.30 November-15 -4.19 0.45 October-15 -4.36 0.05 August-15 -4.05 -0.19 July-15 -4.18 -0.68 June-15 -4.31 -0.75 April-15 -4.16 -0.41 March-15 -4.56 0.14 January-15 -4.27 0.78 November-14 -4.12 0.37 August-14 -3.95 -0.03 March-14 -4.43 -0.29 December-13 -4.40 -0.25 August-13 -3.72 1.15 July-13 -3.76 0.99 June-13 -3.95 -0.25 April-13 -4.12 0.07 March-13 -4.54 -0.38 January-13 -4.33 -0.51 November-12 -4.26 -0.18 October-12 -4.12 0.48 August-12 -3.63 1.10 June-12 -3.68 0.41 March-12 -4.44 0.51 January-12 -4.16 0.61 December-11 -4.09 1.16 November-11 -4.11 0.94 August-11 -3.84 0.89 June-11 -3.99 0.50 May-11 -4.20 0.35 March-11 -4.49 0.93 August-10 -3.59 1.65 July-10 -3.80 1.13 June-10 -3.88 0.82 May-10 -3.96 0.72 April-10 -4.36 0.52 March-10 -4.46 0.93 August-09 -3.72 1.48 July-09 -3.77 1.11 May-09 -3.80 0.71 April-09 -4.04 0.70 March-09 -4.05 0.97 December-08 -3.94 0.88 August-08 -3.62 0.97 May-08 -4.16 0.64 March-08 -4.35 0.71 August-07 -3.81 0.75 June-07 -3.99 0.68 May-07 -4.01 0.24 March-07 -4.31 0.29 December-06 -4.16 0.35 August-06 -3.41 1.17 June-06 -3.80 0.76 May-06 -3.87 0.04 March-06 -4.24 -0.45 January-06 -4.14 -0.43 November-05 -4.08 0.92 August-05 -4.02 1.04 July-05 -4.21 1.00 June-05 -4.10 0.54 May-05 -4.35 -0.35 April-05 -4.30 -0.79 March-05 -4.49 -0.32 January-05 -4.19 0.77 November-04 -4.01 1.11 August-04 -3.57 1.01 May-04 -3.75 0.88 March-04 -4.32 -0.16 January-04 -4.17 0.43 Nov-1903 -4.23 0.77 August-1903 -3.60 1.46 May-1903 -3.64 1.04 March-1903 -4.17 0.30 Jan-1903 -3.99 1.00 Nov-1902 -3.77 1.77 August-1902 -3.68 1.30 May-1902 -3.70 0.69 March-1902 -4.19 0.01 Dec-1901 -4.09 0.36 August-1901 -3.71 0.65 July-1901 -3.91 1.45 May-1901 -3.95 0.33 April-1901 -4.12 -0.32 March-1901 -4.21 -0.06 Jan-1901 -4.20 0.15 Nov-1900 -3.99 1.51 August-1900 -3.74 1.44 June-1900 -3.96 -0.19 March-1900 -4.48 0.06 February-1900 -4.44 0.16 January-1900 -4.34 -0.06 November-1899 -3.99 0.81 October-1899 -4.14 0.10 September-1899 -3.90 0.40 August-1899 -3.83 0.51 March-1899 -4.19 1.13 December-1898 -3.74 1.61 August-1898 -3.57 1.47 July-1898 -3.79 0.81 June -1898 -3.93 0.07 April- 1898 -4.24 -0.14 March-1898 -4.36 0.08 December -1897 -4.13 0.66 August-1897 -3.68 1.73 June- 1897 -3.86 0.94 March-1897 -4.04 0.83 January- 1897 -3.96 0.87 November- 1896 -3.78 1.27 August-1896 -3.79 0.91 June-1896 -3.93 0.89 March-1896 -4.26 1.00 December-1895 -4.02 1.17 August-1895 -3.60 1.06 June -1895 -4.17 0.76 March-1895 -4.59 0.79 January -1895 -4.36 0.68 November- 1894 -4.56 0.65 October -1894 -4.06 1.02 August-1894 -4.05 0.20 June -1894 -4.31 0.45 March-1894 -4.31 0.81 August-1893 -3.89 1.20 June- 1893 -4.08 0.26 May-1893 -3.90 0.76 March-1893 -4.51 0.74 December -1892 -4.30 1.06 August-1892 -3.84 1.34 June -1892 -4.03 0.68 May -1892 -4.20 0.30 March-1892 -4.40 0.58 December -1891 -4.20 0.97 August-1891 -3.93 0.78 June-1891 -4.06 0.61 May -1891 -4.16 0.36 March-1891 -4.36 1.06 August-1890 -4.05 1.09 June -1890 -4.13 0.56 May -1890 -4.30 0.64 March-1890 -4.34 1.09 December -1889 -4.10 1.05 August-1889 -3.99 0.59 March-1889 -4.49 0.44 January -1889 -4.27 0.34 November- 1888 -4.24 0.96 October -1888 -4.32 0.97 August-1888 -4.13 0.80 June -1888 -4.22 0.81 May -1888 -4.40 0.61 March-1888 -4.46 0.71 December -1887 -3.92 0.89 August-1887 -3.86 0.58 June -1887 -4.01 0.25 May -1887 -4.16 0.39 March-1887 -4.30 0.82 December -1886 -4.06 1.03 August-1886 -3.95 1.03 May -1886 -4.00 0.29 March-1886 -4.47 0.34 January- 1886 -4.26 0.78 November -1885 -4.05 0.72 August-1885 -4.04 0.58 June- 1885 -4.07 0.09 May-1885 -4.15 -0.11 March-1885 -4.73 0.22 January -1885 -4.42 1.06 November- 1884 -4.16 0.96 August-1884 -3.78 0.63 June -1884 -3.93 0.09 May -1884 -4.18 0.37 March-1884 -4.25 1.10 January -1884 -4.16 0.91 December- 1883 -3.83 1.40 November- 1883 -4.14 0.32 October -1883 -3.97 0.32 August-1883 -3.86 0.58 May-1883 -4.17 0.61 March-1883 -4.26 0.24 February- 1883 -4.22 0.84 December-1882 -4.16 1.07 November- 1882 -4.02 1.12 September -1882 -4.07 0.64 August-1882 -4.08 0.65 May- 1882 -3.89 0.76 March-1882 -4.60 0.58 February- 1882 -4.39 1.29 January- 1882 -4.26 0.11 November- 1881 -4.18 0.69 October -1881 -4.12 1.05 September -1881 -3.80 1.23 August1881 -3.93 0.79 June-1881 -4.15 0.35 May -1881 -4.33 0.16 March-1881 -4.60 0.54 January- 1881 -4.25 0.78 November -1880 -4.20 0.83 October -1880 -4.12 0.83 August-1880 -3.88 0.60 May-1880 -4.34 0.35 March-1880 -4.52 0.54 January -1880 -4.30 0.75 November -1879 -3.81 0.93 August-1879 -3.72 0.83 May-1879 -3.91 0.59 March-1879 -4.25 0.13 January -1879 -4.21 0.55 November -1878 -4.23 0.41 August-1878 -3.79 0.71 July -1878 -3.91 0.30 June- 1878 -3.97 0.25 May -1878 -4.04 -0.41 April-1878 -4.21 -0.52 March-1878 -4.37 -0.14 January -1878 -4.33 0.47 November -1877 -4.25 0.50 October -1877 -4.10 0.37 August-1877 -3.86 0.35 March-1877 -4.48 0.36 January- 1877 -4.10 0.82 November- 1876 -4.09 0.89 August-1876 -3.95 0.59 June- 1876 -4.23 0.23 May -1876 -4.46 -0.28 March-1876 -4.57 0.56 December -1875 -4.35 0.52 August-1875 -4.05 0.64 July- 1875 -4.08 0.61 May -1875 -4.26 -0.31 April- 1875 -4.37 0.21 March-1875 -4.52 0.26 January- 1875 -3.99 0.76 November- 1874 -3.92 0.46 August-1874 -3.86 0.34 July- 1874 -4.09 0.17 June -1874 -4.05 0.29 May-1874 -4.08 -0.17 March-1874 -4.24 0.51 January- 1874 -4.30 0.39 November -1873 -4.24 0.66 October -1873 -4.04 0.46 August-1873 -3.96 0.42 June -1873 -4.17 0.37 March-1873 -4.27 0.54 January -1873 -4.35 0.94 November -1872 -4.09 0.81 October- 1872 -4.00 0.46 August-1872 -4.32 0.24 March-1872 -4.27 -0.14 January- 1872 -3.94 0.06 November- 1871 -4.36 0.77 October -1871 -4.21 0.20 August-1871 -3.93 0.44 July- 1871 -4.16 0.80 May -1871 -4.24 0.27 April- 1871 -4.08 -0.13 March-1871 -4.43 -0.01 August-1870 -3.73 1.03 July -1870 -3.88 0.55 May- 1870 -3.90 -0.08 March-1870 -4.11 0.73 January -1870 -4.09 0.34 November- 1869 -3.95 0.42 August-1869 -3.84 0.50 June -1869 -4.07 0.11 March-1869 -4.14 0.25 August-1868 -3.91 1.21 May- 1868 -3.98 0.39 March-1868 -4.26 0.62 December -1867 -4.02 1.09 August-1867 -3.93 0.50 July- 1867 -4.08 0.82 June -1867 -4.06 1.10 May -1867 -4.05 1.14 April -1867 -4.11 0.62 March-1867 -4.21 0.78 February- 1867 -4.16 1.44 December -1866 -4.02 1.33 November -1866 -3.91 0.70 September -1866 -4.28 0.67 August-1866 -3.81 1.53 July-1866 -3.81 1.06 June -1866 -3.98 0.76 May -1866 -4.23 0.65 May -1866 -4.16 0.65 April- 1866 -4.17 0.42 March-1866 -4.37 0.86 December -1865 -3.89 1.11 August-1865 -3.74 0.70 June -1865 -4.08 0.42 March-1865 -4.17 0.95 December -1864 -4.05 0.79 August-1864 -3.88 1.33 June- 1864 -4.01 0.31 March-1864 -4.30 0.83 January- 1864 -4.11 0.71 November -1863 -3.91 1.44 October -1863 -3.79 1.19 August-1863 -3.67 0.79 June -1863 -3.89 0.27 March-1863 -4.11 0.81 December- 1862 -4.01 1.56 August-1862 -3.62 1.51 June-1862 -3.75 0.58 May- 1862 -3.99 0.40 March-1862 -4.50 0.66 December- 1861 -4.06 1.01 August-1861 -3.79 0.96 June -1861 -3.81 0.67 May -1861 -3.96 0.53 March-1861 -4.36 0.75 December -1860 -4.14 1.21 August-1860 -3.85 0.99 July- 1860 -3.91 1.02 June -1860 -4.00 0.32 April -1860 -4.19 0.64 March-1860 -4.22 1.07 December- 1859 -4.09 0.84 August-1859 -3.97 1.21 June -1859 -4.03 0.38 May -1859 -4.29 0.58 March-1859 -4.44 0.29 January -1859 -4.27 0.56 November- 1858 -4.17 0.69 October -1858 -3.90 0.88 August-1858 -3.86 0.31 June -1858 -4.08 0.13 May -1858 -4.11 0.66 March-1858 -4.16 0.73 December -1857 -4.00 0.88 August-1857 -3.77 0.61 July- 1857 -4.00 0.32 June- 1857 -4.07 0.07 April- 1857 -4.14 0.64 March-1857 -4.20 0.69 August-1856 -3.67 0.75 July- 1856 -3.77 0.86 June- 1856 -3.70 -0.06 May- 1856 -4.05 0.60 April- 1856 -4.17 0.96 March-1856 -4.18 1.05 August-1855 -3.84 0.94 July -1855 -3.86 0.19 June- 1855 -3.94 0.22 May -1855 -4.08 0.03 April- 1855 -4.20 -0.25 March-1855 -4.31 -0.13 February -1855 -4.22 -0.06 December -1854 -4.10 0.07 November- 1854 -3.98 0.29 August-1854 -3.94 0.60 June -1854 -3.48 0.35 May -1854 -4.14 -0.24 March-1854 -4.36 0.00 February -1854 -4.10 0.01 December -1853 -3.98 0.86 November -1853 -3.82 0.72 September- 1853 -3.91 0.55 August-1853 -3.74 0.96 June- 1853 -3.78 -0.12 May- 1853 -4.25 -0.22 March-1853 -4.49 0.29 December -1852 -4.38 0.68 August-1852 -3.89 0.97 May -1852 -4.03 0.67 April -1852 -4.17 0.18 March-1852 -4.29 0.77