# Modern and Holocene Stable Isotope and Trace Element Records from Pacific Panama #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite original publication, online resource and date accessed when using this data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigator, title, online resource and date accessed. # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Online_Resource: http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17915 # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/toth2015/toth2015-mod.txt # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2015-01-09 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Modern and Holocene Stable Isotope and Trace Element Records from Pacific Panama #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Toth, Lauren T.; Aronson, Richard B.; Cobb, Kim M.; Cheng, H.; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Grothe, Pamela R.; Sayani, Hussein R. #--------------------------------------- # Description and Notes # Description: In this study we investigated the long-term impacts of environmental variability on coral physiology and reef development in the TEP to ascertain the climatic, oceanographic, and biotic controls on ecosystem state in the past. We quantified the range of environmental conditions that corals experienced during the past ~6750 years to determine if significant changes in climate or oceanography were associated with changes in coral physiology or reef accretion. Our paleoclimatic reconstructions are based on temperature calibrations for Sr/Ca and oxygen isotopes (d18O) using modern Pocillopora damicornis colonies from Contadora. We measured bulk geochemistry from Pocillopora coral skeletons in the core to to reconstruct (i) paleotemperature and paleosalinity from Sr/Ca and d18O, (ii) oceanic paleoproductivity (upwelling) primarily from the local reservoir correction DeltaR (=Delta14C), and to a lesser extent Ba/Ca, and (iii) coral physiology from d13C and B/Ca. # Provided Keywords: coral; stable isotope #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Toth, L.T., R.B. Aronson, K.M. Cobb, H. Cheng, R.L. Edwards, P.R. Grothe, and H.R. Sayani # Published_Date_or_Year: 2015 # Published_Title: Climatic and biotic thresholds of coral-reef shutdown # Journal_Name: Nature Climate Change # Volume: in press # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: # Abstract: Climate change is now the leading cause of coral-reef degradation and is altering the adaptive landscape of coral populations. Increasing sea temperatures and declining carbonate saturation states are inhibiting short-term rates of coral calcification, carbonate precipitation, and submarine cementation. A critical challenge to coral-reef conservation is understanding the mechanisms by which environmental perturbations scale up to influence long-term rates of reef-framework construction and ecosystem function. Here we reconstruct climatic and oceanographic variability using corals sampled from a 6750-year core from Pacific Panamá. Simultaneous reconstructions of coral paleophysiology and reef accretion allowed us to identify the climatic and biotic thresholds associated with a 2500-year hiatus in vertical accretion beginning ~4100 years ago. Stronger upwelling, cooler sea temperatures and greater precipitation—indicators of La Niña-like conditions—were closely associated with abrupt reef-shutdown. The physiological condition of the corals deteriorated at the onset of the hiatus, corroborating theoretical predictions that the tipping points of radical ecosystem transitions should be manifested sublethally in the biotic constituents. Future climate change could cause similar threshold behaviors, leading to another shutdown in reef development in the tropical eastern Pacific. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Smithsonian Marine Science Network # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Geological Society of America Student Research Grant # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Lerner-Gray Marine Research Grant # Grant: #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: National Science Foundation of China # Grant: 41230524 #--------------------------------------- # Site Information # Site_Name: Playa Larga Reef, Contadora Island # Location: Eastern Pacific Ocean # Country: Panama # Northernmost_Latitude: 8.634317 # Southernmost_Latitude: 8.631953 # Easternmost_Longitude: -79.028758 # Westernmost_Longitude: -79.029478 # Elevation: -4 #--------------------------------------- # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: EP09-28 Geochem Toth15 # First_Year: 2006 # Last_Year: 2010 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 2.68m # Notes: #--------------------------------------- # Species # Species_Name: Pocillopora spp. # Common_Name: #--------------------------------------- # Chronology: # U/Th-based chronology of core EP09-28 from ICP-MS. All dated corals were Pocillopora spp. d234U = ([234U/238U]activity – 1)x1000. ** d234Uinitial was # Sample_no Sample number of dated coral # Depth_in_core Depth of sample in core (cm) # 238U Measured 238U (ppb) # 238U_error Error in measured 238U (2s) # 232T Measured 232Th (ppt) # 232T_error Error in measured 232Th (2s) # 230Th_232Th 230Th/232Th (atomic x 10-6) # 230Th_232Th_error Error in 230Th/232Th (2s) # d234U Measured d234U calculated as d234U = ([234U/238U]activity – 1)x1000 # d234U_error Error in measured d234U (2s) # 230Th_238U 230Th/238U activity # 230Th_238U_error Error in 230Th/238U activity (2s) # 230Th_age_uncorrected Uncorrected 230Th age (yr) # 230Th_age_uncorrected_error Error in uncorrected 230Th age (2s) # 230Th_age_corrected Corrected 230Th age (yr BP) assuming an initial 230Th/232Th atomic ratio of 4.4 ±2.2x10-6. Those are the values for a material at secular equilibrium, with the bulk-earth 232Th/238U value of 3.8. # 230Th_age_corrected_error Error in corrected 230Th age (2s) # d234U_initial Initial d234U calculated based on 230Th age (Th), i.e., d234Uinitial = d234Umeasured x e?234xTh # d234U_initial_error Error in initial d234U (2s) # Cal_230Th Calibrated 230 Th age in years before present (yr BP) where present is 1950 # Cal_230Th_errror Error in calibrated 230Th age (2s) # notes Notes # # Sample_no Depth_in_core 238U 238U_error 232T 232T_error 230Th_232Th 230Th_232Th_error d234U d234U_error 230Th_238U 230Th_238U_error 230Th_age_uncorrected 230Th_age_uncorrected_error 230Th_age_corrected 230Th_age_corrected_error d234U_initial d234U_initial_error Cal_230Th Cal_230Th_errror notes # C-49 33 2435 3 1493 30 1493 30 146 1.5 0.0065 0.0001 619 10 603 15 146 1 540 15 NaN # C-40 42.5 2330 2 39 4 8916 1006 144.8 1.4 0.0089 0.0001 855 11 855 11 145 1 793 11 NaN # C-24 61 3044 4 633 13 918 19 145.2 1.6 0.0116 0.0001 1107 6 1102 7 146 2 1039 7 NaN # C-53 76 2366 2 54 5 11049 1011 144.6 1.5 0.0152 0.0001 1454 13 1454 13 145 1 1392 13 there was a prolonged hiatus in reef-framework deposition between 3793 cal BP and 1392 cal BP. # C-561 98 2252 3 354 9 4910 131 142.7 2.1 0.0469 0.0002 4563 22 4559 22 145 2 4497 22 not included in final age model # C-124 99.5 2840 3 2525 51 742 15 144.2 1.6 0.04 0.0002 3878 16 3856 22 146 2 3793 22 NaN # C-62 107 2137 2 70 7 23176 2321 143.2 1.7 0.046 0.0002 4475 23 4474 23 145 2 4412 23 NaN # C-77 125 2312 2 84 6 21767 1557 142 1.6 0.0479 0.0002 4670 21 4669 21 144 2 4607 21 NaN # C-91 144 2543 7 317 8 6339 173 141.8 2.8 0.048 0.0003 4678 33 4675 34 144 3 4613 34 NaN # C-1012 171 2568 6 123 5 17852 784 142.6 2.2 0.052 0.0003 5075 33 5074 33 145 2 5012 33 not included in final age model # C-101 171 2730 3 2604 52 880 18 144.2 1.6 0.0509 0.0001 4957 15 4933 23 146 2 4870 23 NaN # C-106 181 3046 3 668 15 3904 84 144.8 1.3 0.0506 0.0002 4925 17 4920 18 147 1 4857 18 NaN # C-118 204 2781 3 1531 31 1537 31 144.2 1.7 0.0513 0.0001 5000 16 4986 19 146 2 4923 19 NaN # 785a 205 2595 3 541 11 4186 88 144.4 1.9 0.053 0.0002 5161 26 5156 27 146 2 5096 27 NaN # C-11 230 2644 3 229 6 10092 273 144.7 1.7 0.0531 0.0001 5174 17 5171 17 147 2 5109 17 NaN # 835a 253 2326 6 585 13 4553 99 142.2 1.3 0.0694 0.0003 6829 35 6823 35 145 2 6761 35 NaN # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) ## Coral_ID Coral ID,,,,,,,,C ## Depth_in_coral Depth in core,,,mm,,,,,N ## age_date-est Estimated date of sample,,,,,Corals and Sclerosponges,Estimated dates are based on linear interpolations of the data using tie-points between the geochemical data and the in situ temperature data,,N ## Sr/Ca-pocil.sp Sr/Ca,Pocillopora spp. coral,,mmol/mol,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,analytical technique: inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy,N ## d18O-pocil.sp d18O,Pocillopora spp. coral,,per mil,,Corals and Sclerosponges,,analytical technique: isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N ## Temp-inst Temperature,,,degrees Celsius,,Corals and Sclerosponges,smooth: 1-week mean,,N # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: -999 Coral_ID Depth_in_coral age_date-est Sr/Ca-pocil.sp d18O-pocil.sp Temp-inst CL-1 44 3/11/2010 8.96 -4.88 25.82 CL-1 43 3/25/2010 8.93 -4.78 27.21 CL-1 42 3/28/2010 9.01 -4.77 25.37 CL-1 41 3/30/2010 9.03 -4.98 24.43 CL-1 40 4/5/2010 8.84 -5.45 26.94 CL-1 39 4/11/2010 8.77 -5.52 29.17 CL-1 38 4/18/2010 8.77 -5.60 29.27 CL-1 37 4/24/2010 8.74 -5.79 29.17 CL-1 36 4/30/2010 8.74 -6.01 28.84 CL-1 35 5/7/2010 8.72 -6.42 29.34 CL-1 34 5/9/2010 8.73 -6.55 29.18 CL-1 33 5/11/2010 8.74 -6.60 28.64 CL-1 32 5/13/2010 8.74 -6.78 28.48 CL-1 31 5/18/2010 8.74 -6.83 28.89 CL-1 30 5/24/2010 8.73 -7.11 29.29 CL-1 29 5/30/2010 8.68 -7.28 29.47 CL-1 28 6/5/2010 8.65 -7.47 29.59 CL-2 40 4/24/2010 8.76 -6.35 29.17 CL-2 38 4/30/2010 8.81 -6.14 28.84 CL-2 36 5/7/2010 8.73 -6.63 29.34 CL-2 34 5/14/2010 8.75 -6.52 28.46 CL-2 32 5/21/2010 8.72 -7.06 29.10 CL-2 30 5/28/2010 8.70 -7.37 29.37 CL-2 28 6/5/2010 8.66 -7.43 29.59 CL-4 96 3/4/2006 9.07 -5.53 21.87 CL-4 94 4/18/2006 8.85 -5.68 25.50 CL-4 92 5/1/2006 8.83 -5.55 26.05 CL-4 90 5/14/2006 8.83 -5.88 27.28 CL-4 88 5/28/2006 8.76 -6.24 28.31 CL-4 86 6/6/2006 8.83 -5.90 28.08 CL-4 84 6/16/2006 8.83 -6.02 28.55 CL-4 82 6/25/2006 8.76 -6.33 28.79 CL-4 80 7/5/2006 8.70 -6.46 29.08 CL-4 78 7/27/2006 8.72 -6.54 28.57 CL-4 76 8/18/2006 8.76 -6.56 28.65 CL-4 74 9/9/2006 8.76 -6.31 28.84 CL-4 72 10/2/2006 8.70 -6.24 29.21 CL-4 70 10/20/2006 8.73 -6.40 28.35 CL-4 68 11/7/2006 8.72 -6.38 28.39 CL-4 66 11/26/2006 8.75 -6.31 27.37 CL-4 64 12/5/2006 8.76 -6.75 27.93 CL-4 62 12/14/2006 8.75 -6.35 28.14 CL-4 60 12/23/2006 8.73 -6.39 28.40 CL-4 58 1/1/2007 8.73 -6.64 28.36 CL-4 56 1/17/2007 8.94 -5.34 27.00 CL-4 54 2/2/2007 9.05 -4.82 26.20 CL-4 52 2/18/2007 9.18 -4.11 22.71 CL-4 50 3/9/2007 9.09 -4.40 24.87 CL-4 48 3/28/2007 9.14 -4.16 22.79 CL-4 46 4/3/2007 8.91 -4.71 25.58 CL-4 44 4/10/2007 8.90 -4.92 27.04 CL-4 42 4/22/2007 8.88 -5.16 27.18 CL-4 40 5/4/2007 8.79 -5.71 27.46 CL-4 38 5/16/2007 8.74 -6.36 28.35 CL-4 36 6/27/2007 8.74 -6.67 28.24 CL-4 34 8/9/2007 8.68 -6.82 28.34 CL-4 32 9/21/2007 8.68 -6.80 28.08 CL-4 30 11/3/2007 8.72 -6.60 28.42 CL-4 28 11/19/2007 8.66 -6.60 28.03 CL-4 26 12/5/2007 8.69 -6.93 28.16 CL-4 24 12/21/2007 8.66 -7.36 28.35 CL-4 22 1/14/2008 8.74 -6.54 27.13 CL-4 20 2/8/2008 8.79 -6.03 27.02 CL-4 18 3/4/2008 8.88 -5.13 26.72 CL-4 16 3/29/2008 8.96 -4.76 22.86 CL-4 14 4/11/2008 8.96 -4.91 24.95 CL-4 12 4/25/2008 8.88 -5.26 27.19 CL-4 10 5/9/2008 8.91 -5.38 26.10 CL-4 8 5/16/2008 8.84 -5.80 27.79 CL-4 6 5/24/2008 8.78 -5.71 27.85 CL-4 4 6/1/2008 8.75 -6.36 27.99 CL-4 2 6/9/2008 8.68 -6.65 28.38 CL-4 1 6/17/2008 8.65 -6.74 28.55