# Antongil Bay, Madagascar 300 Year Coral Luminescence Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # # Online_Resource: http://hurricane.ncdc.noaa.gov/pls/paleox/f?p=519:1:::::P1_STUDY_ID:16317 # # Original_Source_URL: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/antongil2013andra.txt # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Corals and Sclerosponges #-------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2013-04-01 #-------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Antongil Bay, Madagascar 300 Year Coral Luminescence Data #-------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Grove, C.A.; Zinke, J.; Peeters, F.; Park, W.; Scheufen, T.; Kasper, S.; Randriamanantsoa, B.; McCulloch, M.T.; Brummer, G.-J.A. #-------------------- # Description_and_Notes # Description: Spectral luminescence ratio, Ba/Ca, and Mn/Ca time series of Porites sp. corals from Antongil Bay, NE Madagascar, at monthly resolution. # Three live corals MAS1, MAS3 and ANDRA were drilled in March 2007 from Antongil Bay, NE Madagascar, dating back to 1904, 1880 and 1914, respectively. # (Grove et al., 2010). Another live coral, MASB was drilled in October 2008, dating back to 1708. # #-------------------- # Publication # Authors: C.A. Grove, J. Zinke, F. Peeters, W. Park, T. Scheufen, S. Kasper, B. Randriamanantsoa, M.T. McCulloch, and G.-J.A. Brummer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2013-03-13 # Published_Title: Madagascar corals reveal a multidecadal signature of rainfall and river runoff since 1708 # Journal_Name: Climate of the Past # Volume: 9 # Edition: # Issue: 2 # Pages: 641-656 # DOI: 10.5194/cp-9-641-2013 # Online_Resource: http://www.clim-past.net/9/641/2013/cp-9-641-2013.html # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Pacific Ocean sea surface temperatures (SST) influence rainfall variability on multidecadal and interdecadal timescales in concert with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Rainfall variations in locations such as Australia and North America are therefore linked to phase changes in the PDO. Furthermore, studies have suggested teleconnections exist between the western Indian Ocean and Pacific Decadal Variability (PDV), similar to those observed on interannual timescales related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, as instrumental records of rainfall are too short and sparse to confidently assess multidecadal climatic teleconnections, here we present four coral climate archives from Madagascar spanning up to the past 300 yr (1708-2008) to assess such decadal variability. Using spectral luminescence scanning to reconstruct past changes in river runoff, we identify significant multidecadal and interdecadal frequencies in the coral records, which before 1900 are coherent with Asian-based PDO reconstructions. This multidecadal relationship with the Asian-based PDO reconstructions points to an unidentified teleconnection mechanism that affects Madagascar rainfall/runoff, most likely triggered by multidecadal changes in North Pacific SST, influencing the Asian Monsoon circulation. In the 20th century we decouple human deforestation effects from rainfall-induced soil erosion by pairing luminescence with coral geochemistry. Positive PDO phases are associated with increased Indian Ocean temperatures and runoff/rainfall in eastern Madagascar, while precipitation in southern Africa and eastern Australia declines. Consequently, the negative PDO phase that started in 1998 may contribute to reduced rainfall over eastern Madagascar and increased precipitation in southern Africa and eastern Australia. We conclude that multidecadal rainfall variability in Madagascar and the western Indian Ocean needs to be taken into account when considering water resource management under a future warming climate. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: C.A. Grove, J. Zinke, T. Scheufen, J. Maina, E. Epping, W. Boer, B. Randriamanantsoa, and G.-J.A. Brummer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2012-08-10 # Published_Title: Spatial linkages between coral proxies of terrestrial runoff across a large embayment in Madagascar # Journal_Name: Biogeosciences # Volume: 9 # Edition: # Issue: 8 # Pages: 3063-3081 # DOI: 10.5194/bg-9-3063-2012 # Online_Resource: http://www.biogeosciences.net/9/3063/2012/bg-9-3063-2012.html # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Coral cores provide vital climate reconstructions for site-specific temporal variability in river flow and sediment load. Yet, their ability to record spatial differences across multiple catchments is relatively unknown. Here, we investigate spatial linkages between four coral proxies of terrestrial runoff and their relationships between sites. Coral cores were drilled in and around Antongil Bay, the largest bay in Madagascar, and individually analysed for fifteen years of continuous luminescence (G/B), Ba/Ca, d18Osw and d13C data. Each coral core was drilled close to individual river mouths (>= 7 km), and proxy data were compared to modelled river discharge and sediment runoff data for the three corresponding catchments. A reasonable agreement between terrestrial runoff proxies with modelled river discharge and sediment yield was observed. Some inconsistencies between proxy and modelled data are likely linked to proxy behaviour, watershed size and local environmental physiochemical parameters. In general, the further a coral resided from its river source, the weaker the proxy relationship was with modelled data and other corals, due to mixing gradients and currents. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that two coral Ba/Ca and luminescence (G/B) records influenced by the same watershed are reproducible. Furthermore, a strong Ba/Ca relationship was observed between two cores from distant watersheds, with baseline averages in agreement with modelled sediment runoff data. As humic acids behave conservatively in the water column, luminescence (G/B) data gave the highest regional correlations between cores, and showed the most consistent relationship with site specific modelled discharge. No statistical relationship was observed between cores in terms of interannual d18Osw and d13C, meaning corals were recording a localised signal at their respective sites, confounded by vital effects. Comparing proxy baseline averages and mean seasonal cycles provided a good overview of the runoff dynamics of the bay system. #------------------ # Publication # Authors: C.A. Grove, R. Nagtegaal, J. Zinke, T. Scheufen, B. Koster, S. Kasper, M.T. McCulloch, G. Bergh, G. Jan A. Brummer # Published_Date_or_Year: 2010 # Published_Title: River runoff reconstructions from novel spectral luminescence scanning of massive coral skeletons # Journal_Name: Coral Reefs # Volume: 29 # Edition: # Issue: 3 # Pages: 579-591 # DOI: 10.1007/s00338-010-0629-y # Online_Resource: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00338-010-0629-y # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Inshore massive corals often display bright luminescent lines that have been linked to river flood plumes into coastal catchments and hence have the potential to provide a long-term record of hinterland precipitation. Coral luminescence is thought to result from the incorporation of soil-derived humic acids transported to the reef during major flood events. Corals far from terrestrial sources generally only exhibit dull relatively broad luminescence bands, which are attributed to seasonal changes in coral density. We therefore tested the hypothesis that spectral ratios rather than conventional luminescence intensity provide a quantitative proxy record of river runoff without the confounding effects of seasonal density changes. For this purpose, we have developed a new, rapid spectral luminescence scanning (SLS) technique that splits emission intensities into red, green and blue domains (RGB) for entire cores with an unprecedented linear resolution of 71.4 um. Since humic acids have longer emission wavelength than the coral aragonite, normalisation of spectral emissions should yield a sensitive optical humic acid/aragonite ratio for humic acid runoff, i.e., G/B ratio. Indeed, G/B ratios rather than intensities are well correlated with Ba/Ca, a geochemical coral proxy for sediment runoff, and with rainfall data, as exemplified for coral records from Madagascar. Coral cores also display recent declining trends in luminescence intensity, which are also reported in corals elsewhere. Such trends appear to be associated with a modern decline in skeletal densities. By contrast, G/B spectral ratios not only mark the impact of individual cyclones but also imply that humic acid runoff increased in Madagascar over the past few decades while coral skeletal densities decreased. Consequently, the SLS technique deconvolves the long-term interplay between humic acid incorporation and coral density that have confounded earlier attempts to use luminescence intensities as a proxy for river runoff. #------------------ # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: Dutch NWO # Grant: 854.00034/035, 820.01.009 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Antongil Bay ANDRA # Location: Ocean>Indian Ocean>Madagascar # Country: Madagascar # Northernmost_Latitude: -15.6862 # Southernmost_Latitude: -15.6862 # Easternmost_Longitude: 49.9570 # Westernmost_Longitude: 49.9570 # Elevation: m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Antongil2013ANDRA # Earliest_Year: 1914 # Most_Recent_Year: 2006 # Time_Unit: AD # Core_Length: 1.1982 m # Notes: #------------------ # Chronology: # # # #---------------- # Variables # # Data variables follow are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Data line variables format: Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ##age_AD age, , , AD, , , , ,N ##G/B Green/Blue Luminescence Ratio, , , , ,coral, , Continuous Spectral Luminescence,N # #---------------- # Data: # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Values: # age_AD G/B 2006.75 0.838709677 2006.666667 0.877777697 2006.583333 0.914474084 2006.5 0.918161983 2006.416667 0.912044676 2006.333333 0.894417957 2006.25 0.914855948 2006.166667 0.924575319 2006.083333 0.933697586 2006 0.91539532 2005.916667 0.905746632 2005.833333 0.889679342 2005.75 0.877777778 2005.666667 0.896863315 2005.583333 0.919999786 2005.5 0.917806506 2005.416667 0.913793141 2005.333333 0.916976809 2005.25 0.917355372 2005.166667 0.913380474 2005.083333 0.912000018 2005 0.899614846 2004.916667 0.903508727 2004.833333 0.912142801 2004.75 0.870588235 2004.666667 0.877957895 2004.583333 0.87640534 2004.5 0.90682788 2004.416667 0.903508876 2004.333333 0.925438412 2004.25 0.93442623 2004.166667 0.933043809 2004.083333 0.951456016 2004 0.904596561 2003.916667 0.901960824 2003.833333 0.871340597 2003.75 0.848837209 2003.666667 0.85924268 2003.583333 0.894185804 2003.5 0.904 2003.416667 0.912530522 2003.333333 0.927657615 2003.25 0.918307905 2003.166667 0.919068341 2003.083333 0.938546029 2003 0.947711671 2002.916667 0.934079753 2002.833333 0.928463256 2002.75 0.897959184 2002.666667 0.901455192 2002.583333 0.921259449 2002.5 0.938863463 2002.416667 0.949579789 2002.333333 0.935479649 2002.25 0.941666667 2002.166667 0.947183848 2002.083333 0.937006726 2002 0.903846154 2001.916667 0.872092825 2001.833333 0.862399303 2001.75 0.85106383 2001.666667 0.883035819 2001.583333 0.888326793 2001.5 0.904966243 2001.416667 0.913043507 2001.333333 0.909496674 2001.25 0.908123249 2001.166667 0.897866755 2001.083333 0.894309578 2001 0.904096697 2000.916667 0.880797003 2000.833333 0.883166818 2000.75 0.87037037 2000.666667 0.888098932 2000.583333 0.897058546 2000.5 0.907323473 2000.416667 0.926229401 2000.333333 0.94720683 2000.25 0.966887417 2000.166667 0.979660779 2000.083333 0.951219577 2000 0.894313454 1999.916667 0.872339962 1999.833333 0.85138507 1999.75 0.831578947 1999.666667 0.868747481 1999.583333 0.887484063 1999.5 0.904 1999.416667 0.908812935 1999.333333 0.905156724 1999.25 0.908333332 1999.166667 0.904254001 1999.083333 0.923313276 1999 0.896226416 1998.916667 0.882542209 1998.833333 0.880084717 1998.75 0.835164835 1998.666667 0.858585254 1998.583333 0.8706897 1998.5 0.897058824 1998.416667 0.91199981 1998.333333 0.879032431 1998.25 0.8984375 1998.166667 0.888889193 1998.083333 0.892561329 1998 0.897435898 1997.916667 0.872001055 1997.833333 0.863636776 1997.75 0.846153846 1997.666667 0.854606944 1997.583333 0.888637773 1997.5 0.895897833 1997.416667 0.89173722 1997.333333 0.87670761 1997.25 0.909090908 1997.166667 0.915713172 1997.083333 0.947786986 1997 0.920349207 1996.916667 0.887409924 1996.833333 0.869326297 1996.75 0.846938776 1996.666667 0.865384312 1996.583333 0.875 1996.5 0.913461538 1996.416667 0.88461631 1996.333333 0.881356179 1996.25 0.893442623 1996.166667 0.896000283 1996.083333 0.918699187 1996 0.924369749 1995.916667 0.890624962 1995.833333 0.894231193 1995.75 0.863157897 1995.666667 0.875334049 1995.583333 0.897161133 1995.5 0.910569106 1995.416667 0.901449276 1995.333333 0.897161133 1995.25 0.913793103 1995.166667 0.93495935 1995.083333 0.929518453 1995 0.945736433 1994.916667 0.913460536 1994.833333 0.897660819 1994.75 0.873873874 1994.666667 0.886174476 1994.583333 0.900472838 1994.5 0.917892157 1994.416667 0.910941206 1994.333333 0.914728682 1994.25 0.913793103 1994.166667 0.915209156 1994.083333 0.940885969 1994 0.920127119 1993.916667 0.876830758 1993.833333 0.87076327 1993.75 0.857142857 1993.666667 0.888914594 1993.583333 0.917310218 1993.5 0.918032787 1993.416667 0.899728998 1993.333333 0.889445437 1993.25 0.909090908 1993.166667 0.891751143 1993.083333 0.875316058 1993 0.850000001 1992.916667 0.841983472 1992.833333 0.835613964 1992.75 0.817307693 1992.666667 0.840871024 1992.583333 0.867430389 1992.5 0.883211681 1992.416667 0.913854977 1992.333333 0.937192231 1992.25 0.942857142 1992.166667 0.935718089 1992.083333 0.915145175 1992 0.897435896 1991.916667 0.869562648 1991.833333 0.850877193 1991.75 0.832000001 1991.666667 0.854962215 1991.583333 0.874125785 1991.5 0.889305577 1991.416667 0.905796665 1991.333333 0.904435763 1991.25 0.931034483 1991.166667 0.935942238 1991.083333 0.919709082 1991 0.909145429 1990.916667 0.869564475 1990.833333 0.840517456 1990.75 0.829268295 1990.666667 0.867571784 1990.583333 0.87027301 1990.5 0.886570247 1990.416667 0.90386501 1990.333333 0.896216832 1990.25 0.880813347 1990.166667 0.864317307 1990.083333 0.860886327 1990 0.87855191 1989.916667 0.866536511 1989.833333 0.857318522 1989.75 0.829457366 1989.666667 0.858122216 1989.583333 0.893670533 1989.5 0.92074452 1989.416667 0.92824042 1989.333333 0.917241379 1989.25 0.921171172 1989.166667 0.928452892 1989.083333 0.938356164 1989 0.918940609 1988.916667 0.918909209 1988.833333 0.881721085 1988.75 0.830645162 1988.666667 0.846998051 1988.583333 0.858096374 1988.5 0.881064162 1988.416667 0.890903255 1988.333333 0.890684716 1988.25 0.914285714 1988.166667 0.925798919 1988.083333 0.923262093 1988 0.890096619 1987.916667 0.873906595 1987.833333 0.840110653 1987.75 0.831932776 1987.666667 0.846154806 1987.583333 0.873134202 1987.5 0.864285713 1987.416667 0.866197299 1987.333333 0.87586215 1987.25 0.874125874 1987.166667 0.882758621 1987.083333 0.892561764 1987 0.877697841 1986.916667 0.867187598 1986.833333 0.864406835 1986.75 0.83760684 1986.666667 0.85383379 1986.583333 0.862018224 1986.5 0.856841529 1986.416667 0.888888701 1986.333333 0.868238068 1986.25 0.900439344 1986.166667 0.916129032 1986.083333 0.911565178 1986 0.895817962 1985.916667 0.877798617 1985.833333 0.869230769 1985.75 0.844961241 1985.666667 0.87980924 1985.583333 0.87805979 1985.5 0.889714197 1985.416667 0.886524635 1985.333333 0.87298341 1985.25 0.864357865 1985.166667 0.864501779 1985.083333 0.874126128 1985 0.869127515 1984.916667 0.878903602 1984.833333 0.880505806 1984.75 0.849624062 1984.666667 0.859604164 1984.583333 0.87796813 1984.5 0.915492956 1984.416667 0.928104575 1984.333333 0.93687909 1984.25 0.947368421 1984.166667 0.939417095 1984.083333 0.902005412 1984 0.906040267 1983.916667 0.917028785 1983.833333 0.884865685 1983.75 0.843478263 1983.666667 0.860215052 1983.583333 0.866490322 1983.5 0.887284459 1983.416667 0.909090909 1983.333333 0.912463732 1983.25 0.911290323 1983.166667 0.908272589 1983.083333 0.931321259 1983 0.925166605 1982.916667 0.913785123 1982.833333 0.888590203 1982.75 0.882812501 1982.666667 0.911642268 1982.583333 0.921380628 1982.5 0.908077119 1982.416667 0.901515948 1982.333333 0.886155862 1982.25 0.899632211 1982.166667 0.909430045 1982.083333 0.939849292 1982 0.934763382 1981.916667 0.893663459 1981.833333 0.873664236 1981.75 0.846153847 1981.666667 0.877048699 1981.583333 0.863636603 1981.5 0.878787877 1981.416667 0.891472162 1981.333333 0.892308093 1981.25 0.894736841 1981.166667 0.878787635 1981.083333 0.854962303 1981 0.852713179 1980.916667 0.84955759 1980.833333 0.858332963 1980.75 0.837398374 1980.666667 0.850285489 1980.583333 0.886524823 1980.5 0.89199732 1980.416667 0.902984672 1980.333333 0.905668322 1980.25 0.916079813 1980.166667 0.91785697 1980.083333 0.905797033 1980 0.897087848 1979.916667 0.867618525 1979.833333 0.847855792 1979.75 0.827272729 1979.666667 0.834661744 1979.583333 0.849122903 1979.5 0.868507354 1979.416667 0.883755 1979.333333 0.875631191 1979.25 0.878461538 1979.166667 0.873421658 1979.083333 0.896551724 1979 0.896998477 1978.916667 0.880241787 1978.833333 0.860462057 1978.75 0.824000004 1978.666667 0.854119892 1978.583333 0.886497192 1978.5 0.903360799 1978.416667 0.89340633 1978.333333 0.878856465 1978.25 0.891048934 1978.166667 0.910396009 1978.083333 0.920760588 1978 0.906817814 1977.916667 0.884789958 1977.833333 0.845528455 1977.75 0.820512823 1977.666667 0.826608336 1977.583333 0.843080663 1977.5 0.880389254 1977.416667 0.879711603 1977.333333 0.869171187 1977.25 0.901360543 1977.166667 0.90800986 1977.083333 0.887142243 1977 0.877013965 1976.916667 0.844827586 1976.833333 0.829667345 1976.75 0.818181822 1976.666667 0.853463178 1976.583333 0.854700854 1976.5 0.879746833 1976.416667 0.875266579 1976.333333 0.874676631 1976.25 0.896774194 1976.166667 0.912862319 1976.083333 0.92352265 1976 0.928571428 1975.916667 0.920072114 1975.833333 0.887005651 1975.75 0.850393705 1975.666667 0.873620587 1975.583333 0.869700113 1975.5 0.878961566 1975.416667 0.876888703 1975.333333 0.878205259 1975.25 0.885657427 1975.166667 0.887077156 1975.083333 0.887497016 1975 0.887004492 1974.916667 0.884466276 1974.833333 0.859988052 1974.75 0.811023627 1974.666667 0.828747806 1974.583333 0.84047619 1974.5 0.867569929 1974.416667 0.902752067 1974.333333 0.89671375 1974.25 0.891304348 1974.166667 0.88966012 1974.083333 0.87789877 1974 0.863150869 1973.916667 0.84228811 1973.833333 0.837556398 1973.75 0.829059829 1973.666667 0.847524171 1973.583333 0.888111371 1973.5 0.884702567 1973.416667 0.864662006 1973.333333 0.881263179 1973.25 0.910828022 1973.166667 0.924134351 1973.083333 0.917292968 1973 0.895420369 1972.916667 0.867768928 1972.833333 0.831147198 1972.75 0.825396826 1972.666667 0.853787773 1972.583333 0.879435101 1972.5 0.917616254 1972.416667 0.919117414 1972.333333 0.923510775 1972.25 0.925070027 1972.166667 0.950072663 1972.083333 0.938775771 1972 0.906471144 1971.916667 0.873911926 1971.833333 0.845770503 1971.75 0.819548872 1971.666667 0.841608201 1971.583333 0.857492177 1971.5 0.863658596 1971.416667 0.856458451 1971.333333 0.859495863 1971.25 0.875 1971.166667 0.896406398 1971.083333 0.895094563 1971 0.875838925 1970.916667 0.862429798 1970.833333 0.866710954 1970.75 0.840909092 1970.666667 0.869063077 1970.583333 0.88878552 1970.5 0.910031393 1970.416667 0.888258634 1970.333333 0.890175496 1970.25 0.898294567 1970.166667 0.888842172 1970.083333 0.874395558 1970 0.864689595 1969.916667 0.864661654 1969.833333 0.852797143 1969.75 0.832000002 1969.666667 0.842540719 1969.583333 0.868845451 1969.5 0.879150749 1969.416667 0.901265707 1969.333333 0.908325902 1969.25 0.916666667 1969.166667 0.923160047 1969.083333 0.914902796 1969 0.900165563 1968.916667 0.880343966 1968.833333 0.859345898 1968.75 0.836879435 1968.666667 0.855777202 1968.583333 0.882911514 1968.5 0.901306876 1968.416667 0.915584373 1968.333333 0.898476316 1968.25 0.885135135 1968.166667 0.863738433 1968.083333 0.876811559 1968 0.880573436 1967.916667 0.885161909 1967.833333 0.85 1967.75 0.837837839 1967.666667 0.870618039 1967.583333 0.863492506 1967.5 0.853473999 1967.416667 0.893750038 1967.333333 0.919293738 1967.25 0.891872147 1967.166667 0.861812775 1967.083333 0.876811069 1967 0.903963413 1966.916667 0.889254058 1966.833333 0.893953189 1966.75 0.87969925 1966.666667 0.88874113 1966.583333 0.891823787 1966.5 0.896012945 1966.416667 0.900441518 1966.333333 0.914437623 1966.25 0.923400852 1966.166667 0.886030746 1966.083333 0.87842287 1966 0.873839119 1965.916667 0.872846574 1965.833333 0.868386295 1965.75 0.83846154 1965.666667 0.873679411 1965.583333 0.880789564 1965.5 0.899551203 1965.416667 0.887323944 1965.333333 0.875862069 1965.25 0.869144146 1965.166667 0.875416525 1965.083333 0.878378425 1965 0.909121625 1964.916667 0.905129324 1964.833333 0.899476872 1964.75 0.871621625 1964.666667 0.880804799 1964.583333 0.887164984 1964.5 0.901740327 1964.416667 0.898403137 1964.333333 0.891776815 1964.25 0.894388289 1964.166667 0.915443328 1964.083333 0.905349792 1964 0.913772953 1963.916667 0.866068261 1963.833333 0.850171054 1963.75 0.834586468 1963.666667 0.853762163 1963.583333 0.861964739 1963.5 0.875209709 1963.416667 0.8869902 1963.333333 0.89904541 1963.25 0.906761788 1963.166667 0.916776551 1963.083333 0.914096085 1963 0.887867956 1962.916667 0.861201231 1962.833333 0.865836344 1962.75 0.828358211 1962.666667 0.847506081 1962.583333 0.873365764 1962.5 0.888535886 1962.416667 0.898850576 1962.333333 0.904459599 1962.25 0.905547066 1962.166667 0.918152526 1962.083333 0.931623934 1962 0.917995404 1961.916667 0.897093298 1961.833333 0.865801785 1961.75 0.843283587 1961.666667 0.856245349 1961.583333 0.88690463 1961.5 0.891566956 1961.416667 0.889610587 1961.333333 0.893664938 1961.25 0.915662649 1961.166667 0.927133782 1961.083333 0.926174135 1961 0.879857157 1960.916667 0.869231029 1960.833333 0.858220488 1960.75 0.849315069 1960.666667 0.883744941 1960.583333 0.897383456 1960.5 0.904605262 1960.416667 0.899148853 1960.333333 0.887954951 1960.25 0.88961039 1960.166667 0.878815144 1960.083333 0.878057235 1960 0.877203781 1959.916667 0.876075534 1959.833333 0.864803817 1959.75 0.839416062 1959.666667 0.847434344 1959.583333 0.862618233 1959.5 0.868059791 1959.416667 0.888889121 1959.333333 0.915650519 1959.25 0.921052633 1959.166667 0.906846589 1959.083333 0.921143406 1959 0.905844157 1958.916667 0.906444121 1958.833333 0.893391663 1958.75 0.880000001 1958.666667 0.894134984 1958.583333 0.903543622 1958.5 0.913113469 1958.416667 0.930767151 1958.333333 0.940028447 1958.25 0.957285126 1958.166667 0.940476411 1958.083333 0.893060274 1958 0.899331458 1957.916667 0.889316359 1957.833333 0.889118553 1957.75 0.862745101 1957.666667 0.882072204 1957.583333 0.894047408 1957.5 0.927489678 1957.416667 0.93674231 1957.333333 0.939268416 1957.25 0.934950155 1957.166667 0.927709928 1957.083333 0.903709649 1957 0.903524047 1956.916667 0.875172146 1956.833333 0.860312445 1956.75 0.839416061 1956.666667 0.866027719 1956.583333 0.8834323 1956.5 0.896959461 1956.416667 0.892617321 1956.333333 0.913906139 1956.25 0.916975881 1956.166667 0.889269515 1956.083333 0.879431969 1956 0.864666667 1955.916667 0.848361006 1955.833333 0.854399766 1955.75 0.830985916 1955.666667 0.855346345 1955.583333 0.887499657 1955.5 0.922155687 1955.416667 0.940476427 1955.333333 0.944444655 1955.25 0.960526317 1955.166667 0.972027304 1955.083333 0.906250086 1955 0.902255637 1954.916667 0.875000292 1954.833333 0.887095523 1954.75 0.8358209 1954.666667 0.865038049 1954.583333 0.879195319 1954.5 0.906626505 1954.416667 0.919254658 1954.333333 0.924997038 1954.25 0.915662652 1954.166667 0.92765056 1954.083333 0.918367366 1954 0.90108381 1953.916667 0.89361741 1953.833333 0.865151412 1953.75 0.852112678 1953.666667 0.862362361 1953.583333 0.88163998 1953.5 0.906666671 1953.416667 0.91485448 1953.333333 0.932264954 1953.25 0.924657534 1953.166667 0.905188026 1953.083333 0.908649222 1953 0.891025639 1952.916667 0.880541289 1952.833333 0.89421009 1952.75 0.851063832 1952.666667 0.865608277 1952.583333 0.865248227 1952.5 0.865837727 1952.416667 0.863905783 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1944.833333 0.884614899 1944.75 0.838461541 1944.666667 0.850636808 1944.583333 0.877450635 1944.5 0.919753079 1944.416667 0.907474635 1944.333333 0.886124321 1944.25 0.909090906 1944.166667 0.899196899 1944.083333 0.891194348 1944 0.892857142 1943.916667 0.893218196 1943.833333 0.863931158 1943.75 0.842105266 1943.666667 0.862405004 1943.583333 0.876860812 1943.5 0.888888886 1943.416667 0.881278542 1943.333333 0.882152014 1943.25 0.91549296 1943.166667 0.911566509 1943.083333 0.915090543 1943 0.910958906 1942.916667 0.893827155 1942.833333 0.862433868 1942.75 0.843283583 1942.666667 0.868755085 1942.583333 0.886977303 1942.5 0.88340326 1942.416667 0.871732461 1942.333333 0.856829508 1942.25 0.878980887 1942.166667 0.881944444 1942.083333 0.879849044 1942 0.871343604 1941.916667 0.847328244 1941.833333 0.847343698 1941.75 0.811594204 1941.666667 0.833857544 1941.583333 0.872416777 1941.5 0.921767929 1941.416667 0.895834113 1941.333333 0.906689467 1941.25 0.890108416 1941.166667 0.882625968 1941.083333 0.868613139 1941 0.877483625 1940.916667 0.883750402 1940.833333 0.88075391 1940.75 0.83458647 1940.666667 0.849463162 1940.583333 0.869845066 1940.5 0.902919787 1940.416667 0.908441687 1940.333333 0.881898447 1940.25 0.899375841 1940.166667 0.917614707 1940.083333 0.916362409 1940 0.943156855 1939.916667 0.941231321 1939.833333 0.884405519 1939.75 0.857142867 1939.666667 0.877237505 1939.583333 0.881045594 1939.5 0.887586244 1939.416667 0.884364015 1939.333333 0.9028592 1939.25 0.921212121 1939.166667 0.947785402 1939.083333 0.955110261 1939 0.921985816 1938.916667 0.881733556 1938.833333 0.85881993 1938.75 0.846715333 1938.666667 0.858088739 1938.583333 0.878185267 1938.5 0.887602388 1938.416667 0.912500028 1938.333333 0.93452381 1938.25 0.939186413 1938.166667 0.919407562 1938.083333 0.910827563 1938 0.880069423 1937.916667 0.857703257 1937.833333 0.858906797 1937.75 0.840277779 1937.666667 0.847241258 1937.583333 0.875779526 1937.5 0.896042202 1937.416667 0.908872501 1937.333333 0.908787121 1937.25 0.926136367 1937.166667 0.935100459 1937.083333 0.923084889 1937 0.896546804 1936.916667 0.867149755 1936.833333 0.844526914 1936.75 0.834437087 1936.666667 0.868337233 1936.583333 0.897590008 1936.5 0.904753265 1936.416667 0.906250043 1936.333333 0.887777859 1936.25 0.900621119 1936.166667 0.890270965 1936.083333 0.888158386 1936 0.90034329 1935.916667 0.888059153 1935.833333 0.845557586 1935.75 0.822580654 1935.666667 0.838333613 1935.583333 0.857981224 1935.5 0.873543013 1935.416667 0.891719745 1935.333333 0.919130745 1935.25 0.919014087 1935.166667 0.919892555 1935.083333 0.917619272 1935 0.897736773 1934.916667 0.885519542 1934.833333 0.862220228 1934.75 0.846774197 1934.666667 0.877085553 1934.583333 0.903886054 1934.5 0.90140845 1934.416667 0.905541398 1934.333333 0.888962262 1934.25 0.893333332 1934.166667 0.907631372 1934.083333 0.895330672 1934 0.911564626 1933.916667 0.882492939 1933.833333 0.891208873 1933.75 0.846153849 1933.666667 0.854013948 1933.583333 0.867576507 1933.5 0.888474295 1933.416667 0.91025875 1933.333333 0.940544114 1933.25 0.939189189 1933.166667 0.928256069 1933.083333 0.930180181 1933 0.919552036 1932.916667 0.906509613 1932.833333 0.87232197 1932.75 0.867187501 1932.666667 0.883879275 1932.583333 0.901900374 1932.5 0.924397733 1932.416667 0.93006993 1932.333333 0.934499434 1932.25 0.928571429 1932.166667 0.910335562 1932.083333 0.897489985 1932 0.882755479 1931.916667 0.878726656 1931.833333 0.865996938 1931.75 0.847328245 1931.666667 0.874164824 1931.583333 0.888867324 1931.5 0.904514105 1931.416667 0.915584199 1931.333333 0.915530334 1931.25 0.915877675 1931.166667 0.899528537 1931.083333 0.893333884 1931 0.881853743 1930.916667 0.860389346 1930.833333 0.861565092 1930.75 0.847457632 1930.666667 0.848997852 1930.583333 0.872567645 1930.5 0.894039735 1930.416667 0.919463873 1930.333333 0.938541788 1930.25 0.94011976 1930.166667 0.938578771 1930.083333 0.897937721 1930 0.871927809 1929.916667 0.860733197 1929.833333 0.84226225 1929.75 0.83050848 1929.666667 0.846109505 1929.583333 0.88434308 1929.5 0.883245129 1929.416667 0.886021194 1929.333333 0.8935698 1929.25 0.909677419 1929.166667 0.896448877 1929.083333 0.886913567 1929 0.881889764 1928.916667 0.855987245 1928.833333 0.839755571 1928.75 0.816513771 1928.666667 0.84492951 1928.583333 0.886613415 1928.5 0.898648655 1928.416667 0.899363153 1928.333333 0.911449466 1928.25 0.921052632 1928.166667 0.907542921 1928.083333 0.8989046 1928 0.901639344 1927.916667 0.874035187 1927.833333 0.85819461 1927.75 0.83703704 1927.666667 0.856635501 1927.583333 0.891552312 1927.5 0.931122398 1927.416667 0.911255016 1927.333333 0.90158907 1927.25 0.914440357 1927.166667 0.907178271 1927.083333 0.907485454 1927 0.91310385 1926.916667 0.895707228 1926.833333 0.861082054 1926.75 0.833333336 1926.666667 0.853772279 1926.583333 0.882466284 1926.5 0.898203599 1926.416667 0.903921566 1926.333333 0.916878807 1926.25 0.96195652 1926.166667 0.981703795 1926.083333 0.942851352 1926 0.906412202 1925.916667 0.90431145 1925.833333 0.872152315 1925.75 0.847826098 1925.666667 0.865100733 1925.583333 0.895455142 1925.5 0.912419352 1925.416667 0.898734051 1925.333333 0.875761995 1925.25 0.890576497 1925.166667 0.907111136 1925.083333 0.911764672 1925 0.914245211 1924.916667 0.901999205 1924.833333 0.877623295 1924.75 0.859872614 1924.666667 0.876462098 1924.583333 0.888198758 1924.5 0.887417217 1924.416667 0.881390901 1924.333333 0.894530475 1924.25 0.927374302 1924.166667 0.934215112 1924.083333 0.908683237 1924 0.880952389 1923.916667 0.845523424 1923.833333 0.842793495 1923.75 0.825503364 1923.666667 0.840601227 1923.583333 0.877386267 1923.5 0.896570746 1923.416667 0.90607814 1923.333333 0.928061608 1923.25 0.937303235 1923.166667 0.957670079 1923.083333 0.948717341 1923 0.924641719 1922.916667 0.937281489 1922.833333 0.853448603 1922.75 0.831168833 1922.666667 0.851978988 1922.583333 0.876160422 1922.5 0.890909096 1922.416667 0.897611649 1922.333333 0.911558023 1922.25 0.926380365 1922.166667 0.917446877 1922.083333 0.904604443 1922 0.893333333 1921.916667 0.862302176 1921.833333 0.854649785 1921.75 0.842767303 1921.666667 0.864141272 1921.583333 0.887197373 1921.5 0.922624322 1921.416667 0.924999139 1921.333333 0.900569203 1921.25 0.885305089 1921.166667 0.889722276 1921.083333 0.855427363 1921 0.862036533 1920.916667 0.876793622 1920.833333 0.851475689 1920.75 0.827814572 1920.666667 0.845001954 1920.583333 0.875947149 1920.5 0.900586517 1920.416667 0.90328495 1920.333333 0.927900577 1920.25 0.956102069 1920.166667 0.913067321 1920.083333 0.910732043 1920 0.884063959 1919.916667 0.858505938 1919.833333 0.864376124 1919.75 0.818181835 1919.666667 0.860712942 1919.583333 0.90228588 1919.5 0.909363062 1919.416667 0.922222245 1919.333333 0.97026614 1919.25 0.967698974 1919.166667 0.937116483 1919.083333 0.935714433 1919 0.899098113 1918.916667 0.864661654 1918.833333 0.849265522 1918.75 0.825503361 1918.666667 0.845338776 1918.583333 0.847296583 1918.5 0.8989085 1918.416667 0.939599885 1918.333333 0.948901168 1918.25 0.944935479 1918.166667 0.946307363 1918.083333 0.936073414 1918 0.909816806 1917.916667 0.85659391 1917.833333 0.830715257 1917.75 0.811188823 1917.666667 0.847400079 1917.583333 0.894413154 1917.5 0.911949679 1917.416667 0.880883524 1917.333333 0.883533405 1917.25 0.895348829 1917.166667 0.889369934 1917.083333 0.866281912 1917 0.878787883 1916.916667 0.866050041 1916.833333 0.85032927 1916.75 0.829931976 1916.666667 0.845086951 1916.583333 0.868499541 1916.5 0.894102991 1916.416667 0.894966173 1916.333333 0.881390329 1916.25 0.88439306 1916.166667 0.926296189 1916.083333 0.951903422 1916 0.933297052 1915.916667 0.92356159 1915.833333 0.892954017 1915.75 0.858108116 1915.666667 0.874945002 1915.583333 0.893595531 1915.5 0.887283628 1915.416667 0.889113349 1915.333333 0.897576408 1915.25 0.89977087 1915.166667 0.912131822 1915.083333 0.926961713 1915 0.922215158 1914.916667 0.91093271 1914.833333 0.868189428 1914.75 0.835616451 1914.666667 0.849034365 1914.583333 0.838304342 1914.5 0.866265921 1914.416667 0.877148649 1914.333333 0.878435268 1914.25 0.883866133 1914.166667 0.876002893