Cole, J.E. Dunbar, R.B. McClanahan, T.R. 2000/07 World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series 2000-050 Boulder World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder Malindi annual oxygen isotopic composition, 1801-1994. Notes on the data: File includes columns for Year AD, Coral d18O (‰), and SST (°C). The SST data are sparse as they were screened using the procedures described below. The coral used in this study grew (and still does grow) in Malindi Marine Park, Kenya (3°S, 40°E). The colony lies at a depth of ~6m (low tide) and is about 4m in height. Annual growth rates are roughly 12mm/yr. Oxygen isotopic data are from annual increments of coral skeleton that were cut according to annual density bands that are clearly visible in the core. Annual chunks were crushed and homogenized; isotopic values represent the average of duplicate or triplicate samples. Because samples were taken with respect to visible annual density banding, there is no depth scale for this record. Density and fluorescent banding can be viewed at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/outreach/coral/image/malindix-ray.jpg (Core Mal 96-1 is taken from the same colony as the core used to generate this dataset.) Annual density banding is unambiguous in this core, so annual assignments are precise. The annual samples represent a year that is roughly November thru October. (The year assigned is the year of the January, not the year of the November, that is included in that interval). However, if cuts were not precisely along the October-November boundary, small (1-2 month) offsets in the months assigned to an annual sample may have occurred. Stable isotope samples were analyzed on three isotope ratio mass spectrometers: a VG 602 with SIRA-series electronics at Rice University, a VG-SIRA with automated carbonate preparation device, and a Micromass Optima with automated carbonate preparation device, the latter two at the University of Colorado/Boulder (INSTAAR). Each measurement has an analytical uncertainty of ±0.08‰; the differences between duplicate samples were above 0.18‰ in only 2 of 195 cases, confirming inter-lab and inter-instrument calibrations. We calibrate the coral d18O to the enhanced COADS SST from 3°S, 41°E, which has a broader screening tolerance than the standard COADS (4.5 sigma vs. 3.5 sigma) to capture larger anomalies. COADS enhanced data are provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado, from their web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. We use annual SST data representing a Nov.-Oct. year and include only years that contain at least three observations from every month; this procedure yields a slope of –0.256‰ per 1°C and explains 47% of the SST variance. The details of the calibration procedure have little effect on the paleotemperature slope: using the standard SST product instead of the enhanced yields a slope of -0.228; omitting the minimum requirement of three observations per month yields a slope of 0.262 for the enhanced COADS and 0.252 for the standard. These correlations are all significant at >99.9%. Paleoclimatic Research G2085 National Geophysical Data Center http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/corals.html 1 1801 1994 Publication Date Complete None Planned 40 40 -3 -3 CoRIS Theme Keywords Version 1.0 EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > delta 18O EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > temperature EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > density EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > fluorescence Numeric Data Sets > Paleoclimatology CoRIS Place Keywords Version 1.0 OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > 0 > Malindi (03S040E0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Kenya > Kilifi > Malindi (03S040E0001) CoRIS Temporal Keywords Version 1.0 Holocene, Modern None PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/outreach/coral/image/malindix-ray.jpg Density and fluorescent banding JPEG Cole, J. E., R. B. Dunbar, T. R. McClanahan, and N. Muthiga, 2000, Tropical Pacific forcing of decadal variability in the western Indian Ocean over the past two centuries, Science 287, 617-619. coral variable coral variable coral variable del18O delta 18O (per mil) Craig, H., 1957. Isotopic standards for mass spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 12:113-140 unknown unknown per mil 0.01 SST Sea Surface Temperature unknown unknown unknown degree C 0.1 NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Bruce Bauer Data Manager Mailing Address

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 U.S.A. (303) 497-6160 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 paleo@ngdc.noaa.gov 9-5 MST Monday-Friday Disclaimer- While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. ASCII ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/malindi_2000.txt ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/malindi_2000.xml Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo and via anonymous ftp to ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov. Diskette and paper copies may be obtained by mail. Diskette cpio On-line data are available free of charge, other forms are available for the cost of reproduction Contact the Data Center to order paper copies of data 4 days 20010810 NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Carissa Carter c/o Data Manager Mailing Address

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Boulder Colorado 80305-3328 United States (303) 497-6160 (303) 497-6958 (303) 497-6513 carissa.l.carter@noaa.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 No Constraints No Constraints 3823 162 1000000161 20011113 20011218