Bougainville Guyot 350 KYrBP Fossil Coral Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Stable Isotope Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Bougainville Guyot 350 KYrBP Fossil Coral Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Stable Isotope Data LAST UPDATE: 6/2004 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTOR: K. Halimeda Kilbourne, University of South Florida IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2004-032 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Kilbourne, K.H., et al. 2004. Bougainville Guyot 350 KYrBP Fossil Coral Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, and Stable Isotope Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2004-032. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Kilbourne, K.H., T.M. Quinn, and F.W. Taylor. 2004. A fossil coral perspective on western tropical Pacific climate ~350 ka Paleoceanography, Vol. 19, PA1019, doi:10.1029/2003PA000944, 2004 ABSTRACT: The nature of tropical climate variability ~350 ka is addressed using d18O and Sr/Ca records from a modern and a fossil coral from Vanuatu (southwestern tropical Pacific Ocean). Modern El Niño events at Vanuatu produce positive coral d18O and Sr/Ca anomalies; similar anomalies observed in the fossil coral records suggest that El Niño was operative 350 kyr ago. Seasonal variations in coral Sr/Ca, a sea surface temperature (SST) proxy, have the same amplitude in both corals, whereas seasonal d18O variations are smaller in the fossil coral than in the modern coral. This is consistent with displacement of the South Pacific Convergence Zone toward the southwest during the boreal summer ~350 ka. Mathematical modeling results preclude warmer SST and higher SSS at Vanuatu during this time, but permit the surface ocean to be ~2°C cooler and 0–2 psu fresher than today. Assessing the potential of variations in late Quaternary seawater Sr/Ca remains the largest obstacle to accurately reconstructing tropical SST using pristine fossil corals. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: Tropical Southwest Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: ~350 KYrBP DESCRIPTION: Analyses of stable isotopes (Delta 18O, Delta 13C) and elemental ratios (Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca in mmol/mol) of a 335-374 ka fossil Porites sp. coral obtained on ODP leg 134, sample 831B-18R-1, 110-125. The approximately 14 years of data were used to investigate salinity and temperature variations in that region as they relate to South Pacific Convergence Zone activity and ENSO. Core ODP831B, Bougainville Guyot, Republic of Vanuatu: 16 00.56'S, 166 40.34E, water depth 1066m. BG831: Fossil coral sample from ODP site 831B, depth in core 238.3 mbsf. Porites sp. sample is from ODP leg 134, site 831B, sample number 831B-18R-1, 110-125. The isotope data were analyzed at the University of South Florida College of Marine Science, on a Finnigan Delta Plus XL mass spectrometer and attached Kiel Carbonate Device with an analytical precision of 0.04‰ for carbon and 0.08‰ for oxygen (1 sigma) determined by repeated measurements of NBS 19 relative to VPDB. The elemental data were analyzed on a Perkin Elmer Optima 4300DV ICP-OES following the drift-correction methods of Schrag (1999). Analytical precision for the Sr/Ca determinations is 0.15 % RSD (0.013 mmol/mol), based on a laboratory standard solution of dissolved Porites lutea. Depth series were converted to time series and re-sampled to 12/year using AnalySeries software (Paillard et al., 1996) to match the modern average annual SST cycle with Sr/Ca cycles. DATA: 1. BG831 Fossil coral by depth Column 1: Depth cm. Column 2: Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Column 3: Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) Column 4: d13C (permil VPDB) Column 5: d18O (permil VPDB) Depth Sr/Ca Mg/Ca d13C d18O 12.12 8.933 4.703 -0.87 -4.01 12.05 8.913 4.297 -1.21 -4.32 11.98 8.895 4.315 -1.38 -4.32 11.92 8.863 4.339 -1.55 -4.47 11.85 8.863 4.33 -1.17 -4.25 11.78 8.917 4.351 -1.11 -4.2 11.72 8.942 4.209 -1.31 -4.13 11.65 8.952 4.234 -1.07 -4.1 11.58 8.975 4.142 -1.16 -4.08 11.52 8.997 4.052 -1.24 -4.12 11.45 9.004 4.08 -1.11 -4.04 11.38 8.965 4.095 -0.84 -4.08 11.32 8.964 4.255 -0.72 -4.35 11.25 8.901 4.171 -0.74 -4.26 11.18 8.947 4.126 -0.7 -4.27 11.12 8.925 4.137 -0.45 -4.17 11.05 8.914 4.224 -0.65 -4.3 10.98 8.924 4.319 -1.25 -4.44 10.92 9.011 4.043 -2.05 -4.32 10.85 9.149 3.609 -2.54 -4.19 10.78 9.173 3.602 -2.26 -4.21 10.72 9.099 3.587 -1.81 -4.26 10.65 9.072 3.8 -1.72 -4.27 10.58 9.1 3.781 -1.07 -4 10.52 9.053 3.821 -0.6 -4.04 10.45 9.043 3.795 -0.63 -4.01 10.38 9.008 3.744 -0.94 -4.18 10.32 9.005 3.752 -1.13 -4.31 10.25 8.985 3.842 -1.33 -4.39 10.18 8.973 3.869 -1.12 -4.32 10.12 9.052 3.918 -1 -4.27 10.05 9.064 3.693 -1.03 -4.21 9.98 9.119 3.577 -1.22 -4.11 9.92 9.136 3.51 -1.59 -3.95 9.85 9.1 3.555 -1.95 -4.11 9.78 9.045 3.749 -1.81 -4.24 9.72 9.05 3.753 -1.37 -4.17 9.65 9.036 3.799 -1.2 -4.14 9.58 9.008 3.94 -1.12 -4.31 9.52 8.999 3.888 -1.42 -4.45 9.45 9.01 3.795 -1.43 -4.16 9.38 8.982 3.733 -1.42 -4.3 9.32 8.969 3.786 -1.23 -4.31 9.25 8.985 3.701 -0.99 -4.31 9.18 8.996 3.75 -0.87 -4.33 9.12 9.122 3.555 -1.63 -4.3 9.05 9.096 3.615 -1.84 -4.19 8.98 9.118 3.572 -1.65 -4.16 8.92 9.12 3.476 -1.59 -4.22 8.85 9.075 3.562 8.78 9.062 3.715 8.72 9.061 3.636 8.65 9.04 3.638 -1.28 -4.23 8.58 9.056 3.694 -1.4 -4.28 8.51 8.994 3.789 -1.6 -4.38 8.45 8.975 3.822 -1.57 -4.47 8.38 8.971 3.778 -1.61 -4.38 8.31 8.964 3.848 -2.01 -4.53 8.25 8.969 3.923 -2.35 -4.53 8.18 8.975 3.91 -2.67 -4.61 8.11 9.018 3.817 -2.31 -4.53 8.05 -2.18 -4.49 7.98 8.983 3.921 -1.96 -4.37 7.91 9.032 3.858 -1.95 -4.36 7.85 9.03 3.919 -2.05 -4.32 7.78 9.031 3.927 -2.02 -4.29 7.71 9.019 3.89 -2.12 -4.22 7.65 9.041 3.819 -2.31 -4.25 7.58 9.025 3.85 -1.64 -4.14 7.51 9.009 3.871 -1.52 -4.31 7.45 8.961 3.961 -1.56 -4.32 7.38 8.95 3.96 -1.59 -4.32 7.31 8.932 3.962 -1.55 -4.25 7.25 8.948 3.935 -1.55 -4.4 7.18 8.932 3.973 -1.3 -4.4 7.11 8.914 4.028 -1.35 -4.32 7.05 8.929 4.022 -1.65 -4.44 6.98 8.981 3.926 -1.66 -4.28 6.91 8.994 3.87 -1.61 -4.23 6.85 9.018 3.807 -1.62 -4.23 6.78 9.042 3.742 -1.48 -4.09 6.71 9.065 3.616 -0.97 -4 6.65 9.106 3.493 -0.59 -3.88 6.58 9.064 3.449 -0.39 -3.98 6.51 8.947 3.792 -0.63 -4.23 6.45 8.926 3.907 -1.16 -4.35 6.38 8.939 3.907 -1.11 -4.2 6.31 8.958 3.899 -1.29 -4.25 6.25 8.972 3.755 -1.24 -4.17 6.18 9.022 3.568 -0.75 -4.05 6.11 9.067 3.389 -0.53 -3.88 6.05 9.075 3.361 -0.17 -3.81 5.98 9.047 3.412 -0.12 -4 5.91 8.987 3.611 -0.45 -4.13 5.85 8.953 3.724 -0.84 -4.29 5.78 8.946 3.84 -1.16 -4.3 5.71 8.939 3.881 -1.35 -4.35 5.65 8.956 3.758 -1.4 -4.31 5.58 8.938 3.78 -1.19 -4.25 5.51 8.951 3.833 -1.26 -4.24 5.45 8.986 3.645 -0.88 -4.13 5.38 8.971 3.767 -0.54 -4.12 5.31 8.944 3.817 -0.38 -4.1 5.25 8.957 3.641 -0.21 -4.22 5.18 8.934 3.677 -0.39 -4.25 5.11 8.941 3.672 -0.84 -4.4 5.05 8.94 3.716 -0.83 -4.39 4.98 8.929 3.834 -1.16 -4.49 4.91 8.912 3.957 -1.36 -4.38 4.85 8.927 3.8 -1.37 -4.34 4.78 8.99 3.841 -1.45 -4.31 4.71 8.988 3.821 -1.5 -4.27 4.65 8.976 3.842 -0.99 -4.27 4.58 8.937 3.961 -0.99 -4.4 4.51 8.897 4.103 -0.84 -4.22 4.45 8.898 3.997 -0.95 -4.3 4.38 8.878 4.265 -1.17 -4.36 4.31 8.876 4.207 -1.45 -4.16 4.25 8.914 4.034 -1.27 -4.22 4.18 8.913 4.089 -1.79 -4.34 4.11 8.936 4.041 -1.68 -4.16 4.05 8.967 3.824 -1.19 -4.1 3.98 8.968 3.905 -1.3 -4.22 3.9 8.994 3.902 -1.15 -4.2 3.81 8.961 3.972 -1.19 -4.22 3.73 8.93 3.976 -1.12 -4.26 3.65 8.899 4.151 -1.15 -4.38 3.56 8.886 4.026 -1.19 -4.39 3.48 8.87 4.133 -1.35 -4.49 3.4 8.877 4.076 -1.45 -4.5 3.31 8.901 4.042 -1.41 -4.42 3.23 8.931 4.036 -1.65 -4.35 3.15 9.023 3.862 -1.54 -4.21 3.06 9.054 3.635 -1.36 -4.24 2.98 9.05 3.599 -1.34 -4.15 2.94 9.004 3.639 -1.4 -4.32 2.9 9.019 3.623 -1.25 -4.48 2.85 9.044 3.534 -1.23 -4.3 2.81 9.075 3.474 -1.03 -4.23 2.77 9.038 3.616 -0.92 -4.33 2.73 9.014 3.566 -0.99 -4.37 2.69 8.954 3.898 -0.92 -4.44 2.65 8.906 4.574 -0.73 -4.42 2.6 8.912 4.5 -1 -4.37 2.56 8.898 4.965 -0.94 -4.26 2.52 8.938 4.042 -0.99 -4.27 2.48 8.921 4.13 -1.04 -4.28 2.44 8.897 4.704 -1.07 -4.18 2.4 8.956 3.997 -1.3 -4.29 2.35 8.989 3.899 -1.53 -4.28 2.31 8.989 4.11 -1.76 -4.27 2.27 8.998 4.062 -2.23 -4.26 2.23 9.053 4.037 -2.36 -4.29 2.19 9.059 3.825 -2.51 -4.26 2.15 9.081 3.813 -2.49 -4.16 2.1 9.073 3.927 -2.6 -4.08 2.06 9.05 3.752 -2.5 -4.23 2.02 9.025 3.612 -2.73 -4.29 1.98 9.016 3.956 -2.27 -4.22 1.94 9.019 4.051 -2.33 -4.22 1.9 9.026 4.105 -2.11 -4.24 1.85 8.992 4.111 -2.08 -4.31 1.81 8.997 3.987 -1.78 -4.29 1.77 8.975 4.072 -1.61 -4.35 1.73 8.955 4.099 -1.33 -4.4 1.69 8.946 4.274 -1.28 -4.3 1.65 8.938 4.279 -1.23 -4.24 1.6 8.92 4.241 -1.05 -4.3 1.56 8.903 4.29 -1.19 -4.45 1.52 8.901 4.227 -1.17 -4.39 1.48 8.911 4.325 -1.28 -4.46 1.44 8.908 4.239 -1.29 -4.39 1.4 8.895 4.211 -1.34 -4.44 1.35 8.923 4.161 -1.27 -4.49 1.31 8.924 4.284 -1.17 -4.35 1.27 8.916 4.351 -1.31 -4.39 1.23 8.927 4.34 -1.19 -4.38 1.19 8.944 4.451 -1.69 -4.35 1.15 8.937 4.172 -1.78 -4.38 1.1 8.963 4.219 -1.92 -4.41 1.06 8.977 4.284 -1.74 -4.25 1.02 9.003 4.192 -1.91 -4.31 0.98 9.006 4.001 -1.7 -4.18 0.94 9.029 4.17 -1.6 -4.22 0.9 9.024 3.916 -1.51 -4.11 0.85 9.017 3.964 -1.51 -4.29 0.81 9.023 4.023 -1.47 -3.88 0.77 9.069 4.077 -1.67 -4.08 0.73 9.067 4.075 -1.92 -4.11 0.69 9.055 3.951 -1.84 -4.04 0.65 9.066 3.987 -1.73 -4.11 0.6 9.053 3.977 -1.44 -4.13 0.56 9.006 4.052 -1.17 -4.16 0.52 8.969 4.177 -1.18 -4.22 0.48 8.961 4.101 -1.27 -4.31 0.44 8.952 4.264 -1.11 -4.28 0.4 8.929 4.254 -1.17 -4.29 0.35 8.945 4.282 -1.04 -4.4 0.31 8.928 4.26 -0.99 -4.41 0.27 8.928 4.346 -0.92 -4.42 0.23 8.924 4.429 -0.95 -4.41 0.19 8.925 4.43 -1.23 -4.38 0.15 8.957 4.43 -1.49 -4.35 0.1 8.926 4.309 -1.75 -4.37 0.06 8.918 4.308 -1.79 -4.37 0.02 9.006 5.243 -1.77 -4.24 2. BG831 Fossil coral by age Column 1: Fossil Year Column 2: Sr/Ca (mmol/mol) Column 3: Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) Column 4: d13C (permil VPDB) Column 5: d18O (permil VPDB) Year Sr/Ca Mg/Ca d13C d18O 0.96 8.933 4.703 -0.87 -4.01 1.04 8.907 4.303 -1.27 -4.32 1.13 8.874 4.33 -1.48 -4.42 1.21 8.863 4.33 -1.17 -4.25 1.29 8.922 4.325 -1.15 -4.18 1.38 8.946 4.22 -1.21 -4.12 1.46 8.967 4.169 -1.13 -4.09 1.54 8.994 4.061 -1.23 -4.11 1.63 9.002 4.081 -1.1 -4.04 1.71 8.979 4.09 -0.94 -4.07 1.79 8.965 4.132 -0.81 -4.14 1.88 8.964 4.227 -0.74 -4.3 1.96 8.938 4.22 -0.73 -4.31 2.04 8.904 4.169 -0.74 -4.26 2.13 8.925 4.136 -0.47 -4.17 2.21 8.923 4.316 -1.23 -4.44 2.29 8.976 4.157 -1.72 -4.37 2.38 9.04 3.959 -2.15 -4.29 2.46 9.124 3.681 -2.46 -4.21 2.54 9.159 3.606 -2.42 -4.2 2.62 9.166 3.601 -2.22 -4.21 2.71 9.083 3.707 -1.76 -4.27 2.79 9.096 3.782 -1.06 -4 2.87 9.047 3.806 -0.62 -4.02 2.96 9.008 3.745 -0.97 -4.19 3.04 8.993 3.808 -1.26 -4.36 3.12 8.975 3.87 -1.12 -4.32 3.21 9.02 3.898 -1.05 -4.29 3.29 9.054 3.887 -1 -4.26 3.37 9.061 3.762 -1.02 -4.23 3.46 9.08 3.662 -1.08 -4.18 3.54 9.111 3.593 -1.19 -4.12 3.62 9.126 3.548 -1.38 -4.04 3.71 9.136 3.512 -1.58 -3.95 3.79 9.058 3.703 -1.84 -4.21 3.87 9.042 3.78 -1.27 -4.15 3.96 9.004 3.918 -1.25 -4.37 4.04 9.003 3.779 -1.43 -4.19 4.12 8.97 3.784 -1.22 -4.31 4.21 8.979 3.733 -1.08 -4.31 4.29 8.987 3.711 -0.96 -4.31 4.37 8.994 3.741 -0.89 -4.33 4.46 9.047 3.671 -1.18 -4.32 4.54 9.122 3.556 -1.63 -4.3 4.62 9.108 3.591 -1.74 -4.17 4.71 9.113 3.489 -1.58 -4.22 4.79 9.062 3.7 -1.43 -4.23 4.87 9.042 3.642 -1.29 -4.23 4.96 8.993 3.794 -1.6 -4.39 5.04 8.97 3.779 -1.61 -4.39 5.12 8.97 3.922 -2.37 -4.53 5.21 9.018 3.825 -2.34 -4.53 5.29 8.984 3.919 -1.97 -4.37 5.37 9.032 3.86 -1.95 -4.36 5.46 9.03 3.919 -2.05 -4.32 5.54 9.031 3.927 -2.02 -4.29 5.62 9.02 3.888 -2.12 -4.22 5.71 9.039 3.822 -2.25 -4.24 5.79 9.018 3.86 -1.58 -4.22 5.87 8.97 3.949 -1.55 -4.32 5.95 8.947 3.96 -1.59 -4.31 6.04 8.94 3.949 -1.55 -4.33 6.12 8.934 3.967 -1.34 -4.4 6.2 8.917 4.026 -1.42 -4.35 6.29 8.96 3.961 -1.66 -4.35 6.37 8.993 3.869 -1.61 -4.23 6.45 9.025 3.791 -1.59 -4.19 6.54 9.057 3.662 -1.16 -4.03 6.62 9.106 3.492 -0.59 -3.88 6.7 9.085 3.471 -0.49 -3.93 6.79 9.063 3.45 -0.39 -3.98 6.87 9.005 3.623 -0.51 -4.11 6.95 8.947 3.795 -0.64 -4.23 7.04 8.937 3.851 -0.9 -4.29 7.12 8.926 3.907 -1.16 -4.35 7.2 8.937 3.907 -1.12 -4.22 7.29 8.953 3.901 -1.24 -4.24 7.37 8.966 3.812 -1.26 -4.2 7.45 8.994 3.674 -1.03 -4.12 7.54 9.036 3.515 -0.68 -4 7.62 9.069 3.384 -0.46 -3.87 7.7 9.074 3.363 -0.17 -3.82 7.79 9.046 3.426 -0.14 -4 7.87 8.987 3.61 -0.45 -4.13 7.95 8.953 3.728 -0.85 -4.29 8.04 8.946 3.835 -1.15 -4.3 8.12 8.939 3.881 -1.35 -4.35 8.2 8.955 3.768 -1.4 -4.31 8.29 8.939 3.779 -1.2 -4.25 8.37 8.944 3.806 -1.22 -4.25 8.45 8.95 3.831 -1.25 -4.24 8.54 8.968 3.738 -1.07 -4.19 8.62 8.986 3.646 -0.88 -4.13 8.7 8.967 3.775 -0.52 -4.12 8.79 8.948 3.778 -0.34 -4.13 8.87 8.947 3.656 -0.28 -4.23 8.95 8.938 3.674 -0.66 -4.34 9.04 8.94 3.702 -0.83 -4.39 9.12 8.93 3.814 -1.11 -4.48 9.2 8.912 3.955 -1.36 -4.38 9.29 8.921 3.862 -1.37 -4.36 9.37 8.94 3.808 -1.39 -4.33 9.45 8.977 3.833 -1.43 -4.32 9.53 8.99 3.833 -1.47 -4.29 9.62 8.988 3.822 -1.5 -4.27 9.7 8.979 3.838 -1.09 -4.27 9.78 8.951 3.919 -0.99 -4.35 9.87 8.918 4.029 -0.92 -4.31 9.95 8.897 4.07 -0.87 -4.24 10.03 8.895 4.035 -0.98 -4.31 10.12 8.878 4.258 -1.16 -4.36 10.2 8.881 4.18 -1.42 -4.17 10.28 8.914 4.053 -1.45 -4.26 10.37 8.924 4.067 -1.74 -4.26 10.45 8.955 3.916 -1.4 -4.12 10.53 8.968 3.886 -1.27 -4.2 10.62 8.993 3.902 -1.16 -4.2 10.7 8.968 3.959 -1.18 -4.22 10.78 8.942 3.975 -1.15 -4.25 10.87 8.916 4.058 -1.13 -4.32 10.95 8.895 4.114 -1.16 -4.38 11.03 8.884 4.04 -1.21 -4.4 11.12 8.871 4.129 -1.34 -4.49 11.2 8.877 4.076 -1.45 -4.5 11.28 8.9 4.045 -1.41 -4.42 11.37 8.93 4.036 -1.64 -4.35 11.45 9.019 3.863 -1.54 -4.22 11.53 9.053 3.653 -1.37 -4.24 11.62 9.05 3.601 -1.34 -4.15 11.7 9.012 3.629 -1.31 -4.41 11.78 9.051 3.519 -1.18 -4.28 11.87 9.041 3.604 -0.93 -4.32 11.95 8.979 3.759 -0.95 -4.41 12.03 8.908 4.556 -0.8 -4.41 12.12 8.9 4.923 -0.95 -4.27 12.2 8.928 4.093 -1.02 -4.28 12.28 8.911 4.534 -1.13 -4.21 12.37 8.986 3.908 -1.51 -4.28 12.45 8.994 4.083 -2.03 -4.26 12.53 9.054 3.987 -2.4 -4.28 12.62 9.079 3.814 -2.49 -4.17 12.7 9.027 3.62 -2.72 -4.29 12.78 9.025 4.105 -2.11 -4.24 12.86 8.972 4.076 -1.57 -4.36 12.95 8.934 4.269 -1.18 -4.26 13.03 8.905 4.264 -1.21 -4.42 13.11 8.908 4.187 -1.31 -4.46 13.2 8.922 4.344 -1.24 -4.38 13.28 8.955 4.205 -1.88 -4.4 13.36 9.005 4.037 -1.74 -4.21 13.45 9.017 3.96 -1.51 -4.28 13.53 9.067 4.074 -1.92 -4.11 13.61 9.055 3.952 -1.84 -4.04 13.7 9.066 3.986 -1.73 -4.11 13.78 9.053 3.978 -1.44 -4.13 13.86 9.007 4.046 -1.19 -4.16 13.95 8.97 4.172 -1.18 -4.22 14.03 8.947 4.262 -1.13 -4.28 14.11 8.935 4.269 -1.01 -4.41 14.2 8.924 4.422 -0.95 -4.41 14.28 9.006 5.243 -1.77 -4.24