Lodestone Reef, Great Barrier Reef Coral Data Set --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder --------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: Great Barrier Reef Coral Data Set LAST UPDATE: 3/2001 (Original Receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Janice Lough, Australian Institute of Marine Science IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2001-024 SUGGESTED DATA CITATION: Lough, J.M. and D.J. Barnes, 2001, Great Barrier Reef Coral Data Set, IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series #2001-024. NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Lough, J.M. and D.J. Barnes, 2000. Environmental controls on growth of the massive coral Porites. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 245: 225-243. Lough, J.M. and D.J. Barnes, 1997. Several centuries of variation in skeletal extension, density and calcification in massive Porites colonies from the Great Barrier Reef: a proxy for seawater temperature and a background of variability against which to identify unnatural change. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 211: 29-67. Chalker, B.E. and D.J. Barnes, 1990. Gamma densitometry for the measurement of coral skeletal density. Coral Reefs, 4: 95-100. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: subtropical southwestern Pacific PERIOD OF RECORD: 1479-1991 AD DESCRIPTION: Great Barrier Reef Coral Data Set Extension, Density, and Calcification data from 35 Porites coral cores covering the entire length of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Data set contains 35 individual core data sets plus time series 1746-1982 of average calcification rate for 10 of these sites. The Australian Institute of Marine Science began collecting cores from very large massive colonies of Porites on the Great Barrier Reef in the early 1980s. Such cores cannot normally be identified to species. The cores were mounted and sawn to remove slices that were about 6-7mm thick. All slices were X-rayed and skeletal density measured along a central track on each slice using a gamma densitometer. The high density portion of annual density bands in Porites from the Great Barrier Reef appears to form usually between October and March, the Southern Hemisphere summer. Peaks in the density profiles were successively counted backwards from the last (outermost or youngest) peak. Density was assumed to peak in January and the most recent peak was dated from the date of collection of the core. Dates were then assigned to all peaks in the series. Time series of the following skeletal growth parameters were then obtained: 1) Average annual density (g.cm-3) 2) Annual linear extension measured between high density peaks (cm.yr-1) 3) Annual calcification (g.cm-2.yr-1_; the product of annual average density and annual linear extension These data were obtained from coral cores taken at 35 sites on the Great Barrier Reef. The density profiles do not always display regular, obvious annual peaks and we could not be absolutely sure of the dating for some profiles. We consider there may be errors of + or - 2-3 years in the starting data of some of these series. Reef Latitude Longitude Species Collected Start Year End Year Core ID Lodestone Reef 18.70S 147.10E Porites 1984 1615 1983 LOD01A Year Ext Density Calcification 1615 1.600 1.419 2.271 1616 1.245 1.442 1.795 1617 1.397 1.396 1.951 1618 1.524 1.451 2.212 1619 0.991 1.454 1.440 1620 2.159 1.396 3.015 1621 0.635 1.372 0.871 1622 0.508 1.498 0.761 1623 1.372 1.404 1.926 1624 0.991 1.387 1.374 1625 0.610 1.396 0.851 1626 0.940 1.353 1.272 1627 1.143 1.269 1.451 1628 1.448 1.353 1.959 1629 1.372 1.380 1.893 1630 1.295 1.315 1.704 1631 1.778 1.431 2.545 1632 1.702 1.314 2.236 1633 1.346 1.233 1.660 1634 1.524 1.151 1.755 1635 1.397 1.329 1.856 1636 1.295 1.304 1.690 1637 1.270 1.306 1.659 1638 1.067 1.297 1.383 1639 1.473 1.209 1.781 1640 1.041 1.327 1.381 1641 0.483 1.377 0.664 1642 1.245 1.243 1.547 1643 1.372 1.263 1.733 1644 0.889 1.221 1.086 1645 1.118 1.245 1.391 1646 2.032 1.132 2.300 1647 2.388 1.179 2.815 1648 1.600 1.309 2.095 1649 1.600 1.310 2.095 1650 2.362 1.306 3.085 1651 0.838 1.322 1.108 1652 0.610 1.370 0.835 1653 0.965 1.235 1.192 1654 1.118 1.173 1.311 1655 1.854 1.224 2.270 1656 1.956 1.262 2.468 1657 0.787 1.327 1.045 1658 2.362 1.279 3.021 1659 1.067 1.390 1.483 1660 0.533 1.345 0.717 1661 1.575 1.307 2.058 1662 1.575 1.351 2.128 1663 1.041 1.284 1.337 1664 1.448 1.125 1.629 1665 0.940 1.245 1.170 1666 1.575 1.297 2.043 1667 1.600 1.349 2.159 1668 0.660 1.327 0.876 1669 1.524 1.277 1.946 1670 1.372 1.310 1.797 1671 0.584 1.443 0.843 1672 0.787 1.386 1.091 1673 1.930 1.280 2.471 1674 1.930 1.430 2.761 1675 1.168 1.416 1.655 1676 1.168 1.352 1.579 1677 1.092 1.185 1.295 1678 0.483 1.231 0.594 1679 2.311 1.212 2.800 1680 1.626 1.131 1.838 1681 0.991 1.287 1.275 1682 0.686 1.303 0.894 1683 1.295 1.360 1.762 1684 1.092 1.463 1.598 1685 1.829 1.511 2.764 1686 0.533 1.476 0.787 1687 0.991 1.415 1.402 1688 1.295 1.347 1.745 1689 0.787 1.386 1.092 1690 0.965 1.362 1.314 1691 0.737 1.348 0.993 1692 1.118 1.297 1.449 1693 1.016 1.186 1.205 1694 1.245 1.188 1.479 1695 1.575 1.216 1.915 1696 1.067 1.198 1.278 1697 1.803 1.102 1.988 1698 1.854 1.087 2.016 1699 1.194 1.167 1.393 1700 0.838 1.202 1.007 1701 0.584 1.265 0.739 1702 1.295 1.291 1.672 1703 1.168 1.314 1.535 1704 1.905 1.293 2.463 1705 2.210 1.291 2.852 1706 0.991 1.283 1.270 1707 1.372 1.309 1.795 1708 0.940 1.277 1.200 1709 0.991 1.243 1.231 1710 0.737 1.289 0.949 1711 2.108 1.249 2.634 1712 0.914 1.368 1.251 1713 1.143 1.313 1.501 1714 1.194 1.280 1.529 1715 2.159 1.330 2.871 1716 0.914 1.332 1.218 1717 1.067 1.311 1.399 1718 1.143 1.349 1.542 1719 1.041 1.326 1.381 1720 0.991 1.266 1.254 1721 0.737 1.341 0.988 1722 0.610 1.359 0.829 1723 0.889 1.340 1.192 1724 0.610 1.213 0.739 1725 1.346 1.166 1.570 1726 1.575 1.250 1.968 1727 0.813 1.285 1.045 1728 2.108 1.327 2.798 1729 0.584 1.407 0.822 1730 0.737 1.432 1.055 1731 1.041 1.392 1.450 1732 0.711 1.381 0.982 1733 1.473 1.361 2.006 1734 1.549 1.337 2.071 1735 1.041 1.297 1.351 1736 0.737 1.315 0.969 1737 0.991 1.350 1.338 1738 1.168 1.521 1.778 1739 1.549 1.485 2.301 1740 0.584 1.342 0.784 1741 1.676 1.288 2.160 1742 0.991 1.461 1.448 1743 0.914 1.467 1.341 1744 0.762 1.461 1.113 1745 0.991 1.449 1.435 1746 1.397 1.438 2.009 1747 0.838 1.433 1.201 1748 1.321 1.448 1.912 1749 1.016 1.395 1.418 1750 1.397 1.375 1.921 1751 0.711 1.360 0.968 1752 1.321 1.364 1.802 1753 1.168 1.381 1.614 1754 1.727 1.349 2.330 1755 2.235 1.159 2.591 1756 0.762 1.226 0.934 1757 1.143 1.330 1.520 1758 1.600 1.344 2.150 1759 1.702 1.357 2.309 1760 0.914 1.343 1.228 1761 1.524 1.285 1.958 1762 1.245 1.283 1.597 1763 1.118 1.248 1.395 1764 0.533 1.251 0.667 1765 0.914 1.236 1.131 1766 1.397 1.282 1.791 1767 1.016 1.264 1.284 1768 1.168 1.284 1.500 1769 1.245 1.173 1.460 1770 1.397 1.163 1.624 1771 1.803 1.226 2.211 1772 2.235 1.256 2.807 1773 0.787 1.244 0.979 1774 1.321 1.238 1.635 1775 1.168 1.252 1.463 1776 1.499 1.231 1.845 1777 1.473 1.313 1.934 1778 1.295 1.203 1.558 1779 1.067 1.167 1.245 1780 1.067 1.146 1.223 1781 0.965 1.177 1.136 1782 0.965 1.156 1.116 1783 1.118 1.178 1.317 1784 0.965 1.236 1.193 1785 0.965 1.105 1.067 1786 2.134 1.089 2.324 1787 1.448 1.173 1.698 1788 1.829 1.232 2.253 1789 1.854 1.156 2.144 1790 1.346 1.099 1.479 1791 0.686 0.899 0.616 1792 1.168 1.042 1.218 1793 1.016 1.035 1.051 1794 1.143 1.059 1.211 1795 1.118 1.050 1.174 1796 1.168 1.099 1.285 1797 1.321 1.105 1.459 1798 1.346 1.138 1.532 1799 1.092 1.102 1.203 1800 0.940 1.085 1.020 1801 0.965 1.046 1.010 1802 1.372 0.989 1.356 1803 0.737 1.107 0.815 1804 0.940 1.271 1.195 1805 0.864 1.346 1.163 1806 1.753 1.347 2.361 1807 1.321 1.468 1.940 1808 1.676 1.291 2.164 1809 1.041 1.146 1.193 1810 1.829 1.195 2.185 1811 1.143 1.214 1.387 1812 1.219 1.181 1.440 1813 1.448 1.139 1.649 1814 0.914 1.138 1.041 1815 0.940 1.159 1.089 1816 0.660 1.152 0.761 1817 1.524 1.128 1.720 1818 3.200 0.984 3.150 1819 0.965 1.201 1.159 1820 1.397 1.187 1.658 1821 1.219 1.218 1.485 1822 1.854 1.219 2.260 1823 1.219 1.224 1.492 1824 1.448 1.215 1.760 1825 0.813 1.150 0.935 1826 1.067 1.104 1.178 1827 0.864 1.064 0.918 1828 0.610 1.049 0.639 1829 0.508 1.088 0.553 1830 0.914 1.119 1.023 1831 0.737 1.170 0.862 1832 0.864 1.219 1.053 1833 1.448 1.158 1.677 1834 1.829 1.036 1.894 1835 1.930 0.980 1.892 1836 1.473 1.075 1.583 1837 0.737 1.112 0.819 1838 1.245 1.184 1.474 1839 1.829 1.210 2.214 1840 1.041 1.247 1.298 1841 1.397 1.263 1.765 1842 1.118 1.220 1.364 1843 1.092 1.227 1.340 1844 1.397 1.206 1.685 1845 0.965 1.212 1.170 1846 1.448 1.274 1.845 1847 1.930 1.257 2.426 1848 0.965 1.247 1.203 1849 1.575 1.143 1.799 1850 0.965 1.120 1.081 1851 1.219 1.129 1.377 1852 1.854 1.132 2.099 1853 1.600 1.233 1.973 1854 1.473 1.269 1.870 1855 1.372 1.249 1.713 1856 0.711 1.288 0.916 1857 1.397 1.219 1.703 1858 0.940 1.224 1.150 1859 1.346 1.209 1.628 1860 0.838 1.207 1.012 1861 0.914 1.270 1.162 1862 0.686 1.288 0.883 1863 1.016 1.262 1.282 1864 0.991 1.243 1.231 1865 1.168 1.260 1.472 1866 0.864 1.232 1.064 1867 1.321 1.181 1.560 1868 0.864 1.206 1.041 1869 0.711 1.196 0.851 1870 1.168 1.220 1.425 1871 1.321 1.202 1.588 1872 0.660 1.203 0.794 1873 1.981 1.186 2.350 1874 0.762 1.146 0.874 1875 1.753 1.126 1.974 1876 1.803 1.075 1.939 1877 1.524 1.012 1.542 1878 1.575 1.027 1.617 1879 1.575 1.031 1.623 1880 1.397 1.120 1.565 1881 1.499 1.151 1.725 1882 1.168 1.139 1.331 1883 1.194 1.155 1.379 1884 1.168 1.086 1.269 1885 1.778 1.101 1.958 1886 1.803 1.161 2.094 1887 1.422 1.152 1.639 1888 1.397 1.172 1.638 1889 0.991 1.238 1.226 1890 1.626 1.182 1.921 1891 1.194 1.144 1.365 1892 1.397 1.132 1.581 1893 1.397 1.109 1.549 1894 1.829 1.129 2.065 1895 1.372 1.106 1.517 1896 0.914 1.027 0.939 1897 1.219 1.011 1.232 1898 0.737 1.006 0.741 1899 0.965 1.049 1.012 1900 1.880 1.141 2.145 1901 1.321 1.193 1.576 1902 1.803 1.176 2.121 1903 1.194 1.085 1.295 1904 0.559 1.096 0.612 1905 1.600 1.107 1.771 1906 1.168 1.149 1.343 1907 1.118 1.177 1.315 1908 1.346 1.184 1.594 1909 1.092 1.232 1.345 1910 1.651 1.184 1.955 1911 0.686 1.185 0.813 1912 0.991 1.125 1.114 1913 0.838 1.159 0.971 1914 1.245 1.102 1.372 1915 0.838 0.996 0.835 1916 2.337 0.985 2.302 1917 1.041 1.220 1.270 1918 1.295 1.216 1.575 1919 1.727 1.201 2.074 1920 1.372 1.227 1.683 1921 1.778 1.211 2.154 1922 1.346 1.143 1.538 1923 1.092 1.079 1.179 1924 0.889 1.127 1.002 1925 1.905 1.080 2.058 1926 1.702 1.163 1.980 1927 1.422 1.136 1.616 1928 2.134 1.062 2.266 1929 1.575 1.080 1.700 1930 2.159 1.055 2.278 1931 1.245 1.013 1.260 1932 1.219 1.018 1.242 1933 1.549 1.050 1.628 1934 1.549 1.105 1.712 1935 1.270 1.112 1.412 1936 1.245 1.095 1.363 1937 0.940 1.147 1.078 1938 2.692 1.125 3.029 1939 1.346 1.130 1.521 1940 0.914 1.089 0.995 1941 1.575 0.986 1.552 1942 1.600 1.024 1.638 1943 1.473 1.131 1.666 1944 0.965 1.255 1.211 1945 2.159 1.217 2.628 1946 1.524 1.138 1.735 1947 1.067 1.114 1.188 1948 1.422 1.178 1.676 1949 1.473 1.220 1.798 1950 1.245 1.210 1.506 1951 1.753 1.243 2.178 1952 1.524 1.221 1.861 1953 1.626 1.275 2.072 1954 0.991 1.257 1.246 1955 1.143 1.235 1.412 1956 0.914 1.209 1.105 1957 1.778 1.241 2.206 1958 1.372 1.210 1.660 1959 1.194 1.228 1.466 1960 1.575 1.238 1.949 1961 1.168 1.161 1.356 1962 0.965 1.234 1.191 1963 1.397 1.215 1.697 1964 1.473 1.252 1.844 1965 1.981 1.202 2.381 1966 1.727 1.144 1.976 1967 1.727 1.105 1.908 1968 1.245 1.156 1.439 1969 1.778 1.102 1.959 1970 1.448 1.112 1.610 1971 1.067 1.099 1.172 1972 1.981 1.127 2.233 1973 2.337 1.131 2.643 1974 1.651 1.229 2.029 1975 1.626 1.145 1.861 1976 1.549 1.160 1.797 1977 1.143 1.216 1.390 1978 1.422 1.223 1.740 1979 1.524 1.151 1.754 1980 0.838 1.099 0.921 1981 1.321 1.116 1.474 1982 1.651 1.146 1.892 1983 1.626 1.088 1.768